土壤污染及防治(英語).ppt

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Environmentalpollutionandprevention,Crew：滕達(dá)、朱夢浩、沙科成、路飛,Environmentalpollutionandprevention,First,theconceptofthecharacteristicsofthesoilpollution,Whatissoilpollution？Soilpollutionharmfultoxicsubstancesintothesoilbeyondtheself-purificationcapacityofthesoil,resultinginsoilphysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertieschange,reducingcropyieldsandquality,thephenomenonofharmtohumanhealth.Fromtheperspectiveofenvironmentalsciencetodefinesoilpollutionisthewasteandtoxicandhazardoussubstancesintothesoiloverthesoilself-purificationcapacity,destructionofthestateofthenaturalbalanceofthesoilsystemcompletelysoilqualitydeteriorationorrecessionphenomenon.,2majorpollutants,1.Inorganiccontaminants(suchasheavymetals,acids,salts,etc.)2.Organicpesticides(suchasfertilizers,pesticides,herbicides,etc.)3.Organicwaste(suchasbiodegradableordegradableorganicwaste,etc.)4.Sludge,slagandflyash,radioactivesubstances,parasites,pathogens,1soilpollutionhashiddenandlag2Accumulationofsoilpollution3soilpollutionirreversible4soilpollutionrefractoryrational,3.Characteristicsoflandcontamination,Second.Soilpollutionreasons,1sewageforirrigation2airpollution3excessiveapplicationoffertilizers4heavyuseofpesticides5solidwaste6ofheavymetals7radioactivematerialcontaminationofsoil,1sewageforirrigation,Sewageandindustrialwastewater,containingnitrogen,phosphorus,potassiumandmanyplantsneednutrients,soreasonableuseofSewageIrrigation,generalstimulationeffect.Sewagecontainingheavymetals,phenols,cyanideandothertoxicandhazardoussubstancesdirectlyusedforfarmlandirrigation,willpollutethesoil.,2airpollution,Atmosphericpollutioncanbedividedintotwocategories:gaspollution,suchassulfurdioxide,fluoride,ozone,nitrogenoxides,hydrocarbons,etc.;aerosolpollution,suchasdust,sootandothersolidparticlesandliquidsmoke,fogandotherparticles,theyarebysedimentationorprecipitationintothesoilandcausepollution.,3.Excessiveapplicationoffertilizers.,Long-termlarge-scaleuseofchemicalfertilizerssuchasnitrogen,phosphorus,willdestroythesoilstructure,resultinginsoilcompaction,degradationofarablesoiltilthshallowplowingdeterioratedsecurityfertilizercapacitydeclineanddeteriorationofthebiologicalproperties,andincreasethecostofagriculturalproduction,theimpactthecropyieldandquality,4heavyuseofpesticides,Cropsfromthesoiltoabsorbpesticidesaccumulatedinplantroots,stems,leaves,fruitsandseeds,andendangerhumanandlivestockhealththroughfood,feed,5solidwaste,Industrialwasteandmunicipalwastesoilsolidcontaminants.Forexample,awiderangeofallkindsoftrashgeneratedmanagement,recyclingpoor,thelargeamountofwastewasleftonthelandcausedbylandpollution.,6Heavymetalelements,Heavymetalpollutantsintothesoiltothepresenceofsolubleandinsolubleparticles,suchasfluorine,mercury,cadmium,Zn,Pb,Nisuchasarsenic,chromiuminthesoilthatcanbeabsorbedbyplantsandenriched.,7Radioactivesubstancescontaminatedsoil,Soilradiationcontaminationsourceofuraniumandthoriummining,uraniumenrichment,nuclearwastedisposal,nuclearweaponsexplosions,nuclearexperiments,coal-firedpowerplants,phosphateoreminingprocessing.Easilyadsorbedbythesoil,theresidencetimeislonger.,Third.Hazardsandthestatusquooftheland,Hazard:1.Soilpollutionworsensalreadystrainedmoreshortageofarablelandresources2.Soilpollutiontremendousthreattopeopleshealth3.Soilpollutiontoadverseimpactonagriculturaldevelopmenthasbroughtgreat4.Soilpollutionisalsoanimportantreasontocauseenvironmentalpollution5.Pollutantsinsoilpollutionmigrationandretention,andmaycontinuetocauselandcontamination6.Soilpollutionseriouslyjeopardizetheinterestsoffuturegenerations,isnotconducivetothesustainabledevelopmentoftheruraleconomy,Currently,theuproarcancervillages.Chinacancervillagespacedistributionisveryuneven,inadditiontothefourprovincesofTibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxiahasnotbeenfoundoutsidethevillageofcancer,aredistributedin27provincesacrossthecountry,thenumberofsignificantdifferencesbetweentheseprovincescancervillage.NumberofcancerVillageinHenanProvince,morethan39isthegreatest.Causes,removalofpartoftheformationoftheunexplainedcancervillages,theformationofthecancervillagesremaining90%areassociatedwithmodernindustrialpollution.Suchfactoriesandminesmainlyincludechemicalplants,printinganddyeing,papermills,pharmaceuticalplants,tanneries,alcoholplants,powerplants,limekilns,wherethechemicalplantcausedenvironmentalpollutionleadtothethecancervillagesphenomenonmostcommon.,Status:,Atpresent,theoverallsituationofsoilpollutioninChinaisgrim,serioussoilpollutioninsomeareas,thesoilheavilypollutedareainheavypollutingenterprisesorindustry-intensiveareas,theminingminingareasandthesurroundingregion,urbanandperi-urbanareasandhigh-riskareas.Varioustypesofsoilpollution,showingthecoexistenceofoldandnewpollutants,inorganic-organiccompositepollutionsituation.Soilpollutionpathway,thereasonsarecomplicated,difficulttocontrol.Soilenvironmentalsupervisionandmanagementsystemisnotperfect,inadequateinvestmentinsoilpollutionprevention,socialpreventionawareness.Agriculturalproductsqualityandsafetyproblemscausedbysoilpollutionandmassincidentsareincreasingyearbyyear,becomeimportantfactorsthataffectthepublichealthandsocialstability.,Landpollutionstatusofgeneralcharacteristics:,1.IncreasedpollutionlevelsAccordingtoincompletesurvey,thenationalcontaminatedfarmlandandabout1.5millionmu,3250muofarablelandirrigatedwithsewagepollution,solidwastedumpscoversanareaof??200muandHuiTian,togetheraccountforaboutone-tenthofthetotalareaofcultivatedlandabove,mostofwhichisconcentratedinthemoreeconomicallydevelopedregions.,2.Hugepollutionhazard.,Itisestimatedthatthecountryeachyearduetoheavymetalcontaminationoffoodamountedto12milliontons,resultingindirecteconomiclossesofover20billionyuan.Soilpollutioncausedbyharmfulsubstancesaccumulatedinthecropentersthebodythroughthefoodchainandcausevariousdiseases,ultimatelyendangerhumanhealth.Soilpollutiondirectlyaffectsthestructureandfunctionofthesoilecosystem,willeventuallybecomeathreattoecologicalsecurity.,3.Pollutionpreventionfoundationisweak,Currently,theareaofthenationalsoilpollution,distributionandextentisunclear,thelackofpreventionmeasurestargeted.Preventionofsoilpollutionlawsorblank,northeformationofsoilenvironmentalstandardsystem.Limitedcapitalinvestment,soilscienceresearchisdifficulttocarryoutin-depth.Aconsiderablepartofthemassesandtheenterprisesarelackofawarenessoftheseriousnessanddangerofsoilpollution。,Fourth,thepreventionofsoilpollution,1.Soilpollutionpreventionandcontrol,includingtwoaspects:First,the"anti",istotakemeasurestopreventsoilpollution;Thesecondisthe"rule"isalreadycontaminatedsoilimprovedgovernance.,2.Soilpollutionpreventionmeasures,1scientificuseofSewageIrrigation2Rationaluseofpesticides,andactively3develophigh-efficiencylow-residuepesticides3Activelypromotebiologicalpest4toraisepublicawarenessofsoilconservation,3.Soilpollutioncontrolmeasures,1Bioremediationofcontaminatedsoil2contaminatedsoilchemicalmethodsofgovernance3increaseorganicfertilizer4regulationofsoilredoxconditions5tochangetherotationsystem6Changingsoilandtillingthesoil7implementationoftargetedmeasures,Inshort,accordingtotheenvironmentalpolicyof"preventionfirst",theprimarytaskofpreventingsoilpollutioncontrolandeliminatesoilpollution,preventsoilpollution;contaminatedsoil,itisnecessarytotakealleffectivemeasurestoremovethecontaminantsinthesoil,improvethesoil,preventingthemigrationandtransformationofpollutantsinthesoil.,thankyou,