截面和面板數(shù)據(jù)分析課件7(復(fù)旦大學陸銘張晏).ppt
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EndogeneityinEconometrics:SimultaneousEquationsModels,MingLU,Simultaneity,Thisariseswhenoneormoreoftheexplanatoryvariablesisjointlydeterminedwiththedependentvariable,typicallythroughanequilibriummechanism.Themethodofinstrumentalvariables.Whydoweneedtoestimatestructuralmodelratherthanreduced-formmodel?,THENATUREOFSIMULTANEOUSEQUATIONSMODELS,Concepts,EndogenousvariablesExogenousvariablesStructuralerrorsEachequationshouldhaveabehavioral,ceterisparibusinterpretationonitsown.,SIMULTANEITYBIASINOLS,simultaneitybias,IDENTIFYINGANDESTIMATINGASTRUCTURALEQUATION,IdentificationinaTwo-EquationSystemThefirstissupplyequation.Thesecondisdemandequation.,Ageneraltwo-equationmodel,Exclusionrestrictions,Inotherwords,weassumethatcertainexogenousvariablesdonotappearinthefirstequationandothersareabsentfromthesecondequation.,RANKCONDITIONFORIDENTIFICATIONOFASTRUCTURALEQUATION,Thefirstequationinatwo-equationsimultaneousequationsmodelisidentifiedifandonlyifthesecondequationcontainsatleastoneexogenousvariable(withanonzerocoefficient)thatisexcludedfromthefirstequation.Theorderconditionisnecessaryfortherankcondition.Therankconditionrequiresmore:atleastoneoftheexogenousvariablesexcludedfromthefirstequationmusthaveanonzeropopulationcoefficientinthesecondequation.,Estimationby2SLS,Thisissimilarinthepreviouschapter.,SYSTEMSWITHMORETHANTWOEQUATIONS,ORDERCONDITIONFORIDENTIFICATION,AnequationinanySEMsatisfiestheorderconditionforidentificationifthenumberofexcludedexogenousvariablesfromtheequationisatleastaslargeasthenumberofright-handsideendogenousvariables.Overidentifiedequation,justidentifiedequation,andunidentifiedequation.,Estimation,2SLS3SLS–MoreefficientusingtheresidualstodoGLSestimationatthethirdstage.Moresensitivetovariableselection.,SIMULTANEOUSEQUATIONSMODELSWITHPANELDATA,(1)eliminatetheunobservedeffectsfromtheequationsofinterestusingthefixedeffectstransformationorfirstdifferencing;(2)findinstrumentalvariablesfortheendogenousvariablesinthetransformedequation.Challenging,becauseforaconvincinganalysisweneedtofindinstrumentsthatchangeovertime.,Howtodoifyouwanttoidentifythefixed-effects?,Puttimedummiesandfixed-effectsdummiesinthestructuralmodel.,Theend.,下載提示(請認真閱讀)
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- 截面 面板 數(shù)據(jù) 分析 課件 復(fù)旦大學 陸銘張晏
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