機械外文翻譯--機械加工.doc

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1、本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）相關(guān)中英文翻譯資料資料題目：機械加工學(xué)生姓名：所在院系：機電學(xué)院所學(xué)專業(yè)：機電技術(shù)教育完成時間：MachiningTurningTheenginelathe,oneoftheoldestmetalremovalmachines,hasanumberofusefulandhighlydesirableattributes.Todaytheselathesareusedprimarilyinsmallshopswheresmallerquantitiesratherthanlargeproductionrunsareencountered.Theenginelathehasbe

2、enreplacedintodaysproductionshopsbyawidevarietyofautomaticlathessuchasautomatictracerlathes,turretlathes,andautomaticscrewmachines.Alltheadvantagesofsingle-pointtoolingformaximummetalremoval,andtheuseofformtoolsforfinishedonaparwiththefastestprocessingequipmentonthescenetoday.Tolerancesfortheenginel

3、athedependprimarilyontheskilloftheoperator.Thedesignengineermustbecarefulinusingtolerancesofanexperimentalpartthathasbeenproducedontheenginelathebyaskilledoperator.Inredesigninganexperimentalpartforproduction,economicaltolerancesshouldbeused.TurretLathesProductionmachiningequipmentmustbeevaluatednow

4、,morethaneverbefore,intermsofabilitytorepeataccuratelyandrapidly.Applyingthiscriterionforestablishingtheproductionqualificationofaspecificmethod,theturretlathemeritsahighrating.Indesigningforlowquantitiessuchas100or200parts,itismosteconomicaltousetheturretlathe.Inachievingtheoptimumtolerancespossibl

5、eontheturretlathe,thedesignershouldstriveforaminimumofoperations.AutomaticScrewMachinesGenerally,automaticscrewmachinesfallintoseveralcategories；single-spindleautomatics,multiple-spindlerapid,automaticchuckingmachines.Originallydesignedforrapid,automaticproductionofscrewsandsimilarthreadedparts,then

6、arrowfield,andtodayplaysavitalroleinthemassproductionofavarietyofprecisionparts.Quantitiesplayanimportantpartintheeconomyofthepartsmachinedontheautomaticscrewmachine.Thecostofthepartsmachinedcanbereducediftheminimumeconomicallotsizeiscalculatedandthepropermachineisselectedforthesequantities.Automati

7、cTracerLathesSincesurfaceroughnessdependsgreatlyuponmaterialturned,tooling,andfeedsandspeedsemployed,minimumtolerancesthatcanbeheldonautomatictracerlathesarenotnecessarilythemosteconomicaltolerances.Insomecases,tolerancesof0.05mmareheldincontinuousproductionusingbutonecut.Groovewidthcanbeheldto0.012

8、5mmonsomeparts.Boresandsingle-pointfinishescanbeheldto0.0125mm.Onhigh-productionrunswheremaximumoutputisdesirable,aminimumtoleranceof0.125mmiseconomicalonbothdiameterandlengthofturn.MillingWiththeexceptionsofturninganddrilling,millingisundoubtedlythemostwidelyusedmethodofremovingmetal.Wellsuitedandr

9、eadilyadaptedtotheeconomicalproductionofanyquantityofparts,thealmostunlimitedversatilityofmillingprocessmeritstheattentionandconsiderationofdesignersseriouslywiththemanufactureoftheirproduct.Asinanyotherprocess,partsthathavetobemilledshouldbedesignedwitheconomicaltolerancesthatcanbeachievedinproduct

10、ionmill.Ifthepartisdesignedwithtolerancesfinerthannecessary,additionaloperationswillhavetobeaddedtoachievethesetolerances-andthiswillincreasethecostofthepart.GrindingGrindingisoneofthemostwidelyusedmethodsoffinishingpartstoextremelyclosetolerancesandfinesurfacefinishes.Currently,therearegrindersfora

11、lmosteverytypeofgrindingmachinerequired.Whereprocessingcostsareexcessive,partsredesignedtoworthwhile.Forexample,whereverpossibletheproductioneconomyofcenterlessgrindingshouldbetakenadvantageofbyproperdesignconsideration.Althoughgrindingisusuallyconsideredafinishingoperation,itisoftenemployedasacompl

12、etemachiningprocessonworkwhichcanbegrounddownfromroughconditionwithoutbeingturnedorotherwisemachined.Thusmanytypesofforgingsandotherpartsarefinishedcompletelywiththegrindingwheelatappreciablesavingsoftimeandexpense.Classesofgrindingmachinesincludethefollowing:cylindricalgrinders,centerlessgrinders,i

13、nternalgrinders,surfacegrinders,andtoolexpense.Thecylindricalandcenterlessgrindersortaperwork；thussplines,shafts,andsimilarpartsaregroundoncylindricalmachineseitherofthecommon-centertypeorthecenterlessmachine.Threadgrindersareusedforgrindingprecisionthreadsforthreadgages,andthreadsonprecisionpartswh

14、eretheconcentricitybetweenthediameteroftheshaftandpitchdiameterofthreadmustbeheldtoclosetolerances.Theinternalgrindersareusedforgrindingofprecisionholes,cylinderbores,andsimilaroperationswhereboresofallkindsaretobefinished.Thesurfacegrindersareforfinishingallkindsofflatwork,orworkwithplainsurfaceswhichmaybeoperateduponeitherbytheedgeofawheelorbythefaceofagrindingwheel.Thesemachinesmayhavereciprocatingorrotatingtables.