外研版高一英語必修二全書知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié).docx
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高中英語必修2(外研版)Unit 1 Our Body and Healthy Habits? 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯 ? ?詞義辨析:injure/hurt/wound/cut ? ? 四者都可以指“傷害、傷痛”。 ? 意義 ?injure 指損害健康、成就、容貌等,強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。 ?hurt 既可指肉體上的傷害,也可指精神上的傷害。 ?wound 指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷,是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷,特指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的受傷。 ?cut 無意中造成的輕傷。 ? ? ? Drinking can injure one's health.? ? ?喝酒對(duì)人的健康有害。 ? I'm sorry I hurt you; I didn't mean to. ? 對(duì)不起,我弄傷了你;我不是故意的。 ??The robber wounded him with a knife. ??那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜用刀刺傷了他。 ? How did?you get that cut on your hand? ? 你手上的傷口是怎么弄的? ? ?詞義辨析:normal/common/general/ordinary ? ? 這四個(gè)詞都有“普通的”、“常見的”意思。其區(qū)別是: ?normal 強(qiáng)調(diào)人或物“符合常態(tài)或常規(guī)”。 ?common 強(qiáng)調(diào)許多事物具有某種共同點(diǎn)而“不足為奇”。 ?general 側(cè)重“普遍”之意,普遍于大多數(shù)人或事物中。 ?ordinary 與一般事物的性質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相同,強(qiáng)調(diào)“平?!倍鵁o奇特之處。 ?? ? It's normal to feel tired after such a long trip. ? 長(zhǎng)途旅行后感到累是很正常的。 ? His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway. ? ? 他的名字叫漢森,在挪威是一個(gè)常見的名字。 ? As a general rule, prices follow demands. ? 一般而言,物價(jià)隨需求而變化。 ? Now electrical appliances have entered into ordinary families. ? 現(xiàn)在,家用電器已經(jīng)步入普通家庭。 ? ?diet n.飲食;節(jié)食 ? ? 1. a healthy/balanced diet:健康的/均衡的飲食 ? 2. go/be on a diet:用規(guī)定食譜;節(jié)食 ? You don't have to go on a diet to lose weight. ??你不需要靠節(jié)食來減肥。 ? ?anxious adj. 焦慮的;渴望的 ? ? 1. be anxious about sth.:為…擔(dān)心,憂慮 ? 2. be anxious for sth.:渴望… ? 3. be anxious to do sth.:急于,渴望做某事 ??I am anxious about the parcel because it hasn't arrived. ? ? ??我對(duì)這包裹很擔(dān)心,因?yàn)樗€沒到。 ??The whole country was anxious for peace. ??全國(guó)上下都渴望和平。 ??She was anxious to finish school and get a job. ??她渴望畢業(yè)找一份工作。 ? ?be crazy about:迷戀 ? ? He's still crazy about both his work and his hobbies. ? ? 他對(duì)工作和個(gè)人愛好依然保持狂熱。 ? ?begin with:以…開始 ? ? The teacher began his class with a question. ? 老師以一個(gè)問題開始他的講課。 ? ?be/get injured:受傷 ? ? He got injured through his own carelessness.? ? 他由于粗心受傷了。 ? ?breathe in/out:吸入/呼出 ? ? In large cities people breathe in dangerous gases from cars and chimneys. ? 在大城市人們呼吸時(shí)吸入汽車和煙囪排出的有害氣體。 ? ?一詞多義:fit adj. 健康的,強(qiáng)壯的;合適的 v.適合,適應(yīng) ? ? Mr. Smith needs more exercises to keep fit.(keep fit:保持健康) ? 史密斯先生需要更多的鍛煉以保持身體健康。 ? He's been ill and isn't fit for work yet. (be fit for:適合…) ? 他一直在生病,尚不能工作。 ??This new jacket fits her well.? ??這件夾克很合她的身。 ? ?一詞多義:head n. 頭部;頭腦 v. 朝…前進(jìn);前往 ? ? The ship came about and?headed?for the shore. ? 輪船調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)般向朝海岸駛?cè)ァ? ??拓展: ? 英語中有些名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,如: ??eye ?n. 眼睛 v.(用眼睛看)注視;端詳 ? face ?n. 臉 ?v. 面對(duì) ??picture n. 照片,影片 ?v. 畫;拍照 ??dress ?n. 禮服 ?v.打扮,穿衣 ? ?閱讀必備詞匯 ? ? rare ?adj. 稀少的;罕有的 ? rarely ?adv.??罕有地 ? wealthy ?adj. 富裕的? ? overweight ?adj. 太胖的;超重的? ? symptom ?n. 癥狀 ? insurance ?n. 保險(xiǎn)? ??questionnaire ?n. 問卷調(diào)查 ?? ??awful ? adj. 糟糕的;可怕的;充滿敬畏的 ? become ill 生病 ? have a temperature 發(fā)燒 ? put…into… 將…投入/放入… ??take exercise 鍛煉 ??lie down 躺下 二、重點(diǎn)句型 ? ?So as you can see from what I’ve said, I’m a normal kind of person. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“I’m a normal kind of person”;“as you can see from what I’ve said”是由as引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)定語 從句;what引導(dǎo)的是from的賓語從句。 ??翻譯:因此,正如你能從我所說的看到的一樣,我只是一個(gè)普通人。 ??拓展:as引導(dǎo)的定語從句在寫作中應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛,常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有:“as is known to all…”; “as we all know…”意思都 是“眾所周知…”。? ? ?Because of this, I make sure that I have a good diet, and as I’ve said,this isn’t a? problem because my mother feeds us so well.? ? ??解析:本句的主干是“I make sure that …and this isn’t a problem”,由and連接一個(gè)并列句。 “that I have a good? diet” 是make sure的賓語從句,“Because of this”是一個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示原因; “as I’ve said”是一個(gè)定語從句,修 飾“this isn't a problem”;because引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)原因狀語從句。 ??翻譯:因此,我得確保合理膳食;而且正如我前面所說,合理膳食并不是一個(gè)問題,因?yàn)槲夷赣H把我們照顧得很 好。? ? Britain was the first country in the world to have a free health care system paid for? the by the government.?? ??解析:本句的主干是“Britain was the first country in the world…”;“to have a free health care system”是動(dòng)詞不定 式結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾前面的country;“paid for the by the government”是過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾前面的 system。 ??翻譯:英國(guó)是世界上第一個(gè)擁有免費(fèi)醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的國(guó)家,整個(gè)醫(yī)療體系都是由政府資助的。 ??拓展:非謂語作定語在寫作中應(yīng)用相當(dāng)廣泛,有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單的定語從句可以考慮使用非謂語來代替,這樣 ??可以使語言簡(jiǎn)練地道,例如: ??The boy whose name is Tom is popular with his classmates. ? The boy?named Tom?is popular with his classmates. ? ?They see doctors who work for themselves and pay the doctors through the health? ? insurance company. ?? ??解析:本句的主干是“They see doctors and pay the doctors”;who引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾前面的doctors; through引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示方式。 ??翻譯:他們看自己的專屬醫(yī)生,并通過醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)公司進(jìn)行支付。 三、重點(diǎn)語法 ? ?詞的轉(zhuǎn)化---名詞用作動(dòng)詞 ? ? ? 含義: ? 詞的轉(zhuǎn)化(conversion)是英語構(gòu)詞法中的主要方法之一。它指的是一個(gè)詞不改變?cè)~形,而由一種詞類 ? 轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種或幾種詞類。本模塊學(xué)習(xí)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞的用法。名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)代英語中很普遍的 ? 現(xiàn)象,同時(shí)也是轉(zhuǎn)化構(gòu)詞中最活躍的一種。人們經(jīng)常把名詞不加任何改變就當(dāng)作動(dòng)詞使用。 ? 用法: ? 很多表示物件(如下1)、身體部位(如下2)、某類人(如下3)的名詞可以用作動(dòng)詞來表示動(dòng)作,某些抽象名 詞(如下4)也可作動(dòng)詞。例如:? ??1. Did you?book?a seat on the plane? ? 你訂好飛機(jī)座位了嗎? ? 2. We set sail at dawn and?headed?for New York. ? 我們?cè)诶杳髌鸪?,直駛紐約。 ? 3. She?nursed?her husband back to health. ? 她看護(hù)丈夫,使他恢復(fù)了健康。 ? 4. We?lunched?together. ??我們?cè)谝黄鸪粤宋绮汀? ? 體會(huì)更多名詞用作動(dòng)詞的例子,看你能準(zhǔn)確地理解名詞動(dòng)詞化后的詞意嗎? ? 1. He's always?bossing?his wife about. ? 2. The escaped prisoner was?cornered?at last. ? 3.?Stop?mothering?her, she’s 30 years old and can take care of herself perfectly well. ? 4. People were?streaming?out of the station. ? 5.?I did not like the way he?eyed?me. ??6.??Mr. Smith?noons?for half an hour every day. ? 7.?He?doesn't?have all ideas of his own. He just?parrots?what other people say. ??答案揭曉: ? 1. boss around 頤指氣使;把…呼來喚去 ? 2. corner 將…逼入困境 ? 3.?mother 像母親一般地照料 ? 4. stream 涌出;川流不息;蜂擁 ? 5.?eye 看;定睛地看 ??6.?noon 午休 ? 7.?parrot 學(xué)舌;盲目重復(fù)或模仿 ? 除了名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞外,還有副詞,連詞等轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,形容詞副詞等轉(zhuǎn)化 ? 為名詞。如: ? We?downed?our coffee and left. ? 我們喝完咖啡就離開了。(down 常為副詞,意為“向下”,這里作動(dòng)詞,意為“喝下”) ??The old?in our village are living a happy life. ? 我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。(old常作形容詞,這里作名詞,the old 意為“老人”) ? Let's go out for a?walk. ? 我們到外面去散散步吧。(walk常作動(dòng)詞,這里用作名詞,意為“散步”) ? We will try our best to?better?our living conditions. ??我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。(better常作形容詞,這里作動(dòng)詞,意為“改善”) ? will與be going to ? ? 本單元學(xué)習(xí)will和be going to表示“將要”。 ? will be going to 表將要 臨時(shí)決定 提前計(jì)劃,安排,打算 表示推測(cè),揣想 依據(jù)直覺、經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識(shí)等 依據(jù)觀察到的跡象、證據(jù)等 ? 表示“將要” ? 1. ---“Kate is in hospital.”? ? ? ?---“Oh, really, I?didn't?know. I?will?go and see her at once.”(臨時(shí)決定去看Kate)。 ? 2. ---“Kate is in hospital.” ? ? ?---“Yes, I know. I?am going to?see her this afternoon.”(提前已打算好去看Kate) ? 拓展: ? 1. 推測(cè),揣想: ? I think it will be rainy tomorrow. ? 我認(rèn)為明天有雨。 ? Look at the clouds; it’s going to rain. ? 看看這些云,又要下雨了。 ??2. 在“主將從現(xiàn)”中,一般用will,而不用be going to。例如: ??I won’t go if he?doesn't?come. ? 他不來,我就不去。 高中英語必修2(外研版)Unit 2 No drugs? 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯 ? ?詞義辨析:likely/possible/probable ? ? 三者都可以表示“可能的”,possible可能性最小,probable可能性最大,但用法不同。 主語 用法 ?likely 人/物/it sb. be likely to do sth. It is likely + that從句 ?possible ?it It is possible (for sb.) to do sth. It is possible +that從句 ?probable ?it It is probable +that?從句 ? 因此,“我們學(xué)英語時(shí)可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)”可以表述為: ? We are likely to make mistakes when learning English. ? =It is likely/possible/probable that we make mistakes when learning English. ? =It is possible for us to make mistakes when learning English.? ? ?詞義辨析:affect/effect/influence ? ? 這些動(dòng)詞均含“影響”之意,但在詞性和意義上有差別。 ? 詞性 意義 ?affect vt. 主要指一時(shí)的影響。 ?effect n.(可數(shù)或不可數(shù)) affect的名詞形式,have an effect on意為:對(duì)…有影響。 ?influence vt.&?n.(通常不可數(shù),但有時(shí)可連用不定冠詞) 主要指對(duì)行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響,have an influence on意為:對(duì)…有影響。 ? Both diet and exercise affect blood pressure.? ? 飲食和運(yùn)動(dòng)都對(duì)血壓有影響。 ? What you read has an influence on your thinking. ? 你讀的東西對(duì)你的思想有影響。 ? ?詞義辨析: in order to/so as to/in order that/so that ? ? 都有“為了”的意思,但其用法和位置有不同。 用法 位置 ?in order that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句 句首/句中? ?so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句/結(jié)果狀語從句 句中 ?so as to 與詞/短語一起做目的狀語 句中 ?in order to 句首/句中 ? 因此,“為了實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,他努力學(xué)習(xí)”可以表述為: ? In order to realize his dream, he works very hard.? ? =He works very hard in order to/so as to realize his dream.? ? =He works hard in order that he can realize his dream. ? =He worked hard so that he got a good grade.? ? ?reduce v. 縮小,減少 ? ? 1. reduce to… :減少到 ? 2. reduce by… :減少了(減少的幅度) ? The new bridge should reduce travelling time from 50 minutes to 15 minutes. ? 這座新橋應(yīng)該能將形成從五十分鐘減少到十五分鐘。 ? The workforce has been reduced by half.? ? 職工人數(shù)已減少一半。 ? 拓展: ? 1. decrease to/decrease by :減少到…/減少了… ? 2. increase to/increase by: ?增加到…/增加了… ? ?be addicted to sth./doing sth. :對(duì)...上癮 ?? ? We think he will not be addicted to computer games any longer.? ? 我們認(rèn)為他不在會(huì)沉溺于電腦游戲。 ? ?break into:破門而入 ? ? What will you do if you find your house broken into? ? 如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有人闖入你的房子,你會(huì)怎么辦? ? ?take one’s advice:聽從某人的建議 ? ? I decided to take your advice that I should spend more time staying with my parents. ? 我聽從了你的建議要多陪父母。 ? ?ban sb. from doing sth. :禁止某人做某事 ? ? Charlie has been banned from driving for half a year. ? 查理被禁駕半年。 ? ?閱讀必備詞匯 ? ? drug ?n.毒品,藥品 ? cancer ?n.癌癥 ? criminal ?n.罪犯 ? illegal ?adj.違法的;不合法的 ? treatment ?n.治療;招待;對(duì)待 ? horrible ?adj.令人不快的;及其討厭的 ? recognize/recognise ?vt. 認(rèn)出;承認(rèn) ? distraction ?n.分心;分散注意力 二、重點(diǎn)句型 ? ?Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other? ???users. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“Users are also in more danger”;who引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾前面的users;if引導(dǎo)的是 一個(gè)條件狀語從句。 ??翻譯:如果吸毒的人和其他人共用針頭的話,他們將會(huì)陷入更大的危險(xiǎn)。 ? ?Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers (things that start them smoking)? ?and?they try to set a date in the future when they will stop smoking. ?? ??解析:本句的主干是“Participants learn to recognize smoking triggers and they try to set a date in the future”,主 干是由and連接的并列句;括號(hào)部分是對(duì)前面的triggers的解釋,其中that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾things;when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾前面的date。 ??翻譯:參與者學(xué)著識(shí)別吸煙觸發(fā)因子(誘使人們開始吸煙的東西),而且他們盡力設(shè)定一個(gè)在未來戒煙的日期。 ? ?Make a list of friends who smoke and places where you smoke. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“Make a list of friends and places”,是一個(gè)祈使句;who和where引導(dǎo)的都是定語從句,分別 修飾friends和places。 ??翻譯:將你吸煙的朋友以及你吸煙的地方列成一個(gè)清單。 ? ?Choose a time when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think about smoking. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“Choose a time”,是一個(gè)祈使句;“when you will be relaxed but also too busy to think? about smoking”是由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾前面的time;該從句中“relaxed”和“too busy to think about ?smoking”是并列的,由but also連接,其中包含常見句型“too…to…”。 ??翻譯:選擇一個(gè)你感覺很放松但又非常忙以至于不會(huì)想著吸煙的時(shí)間。 三、重點(diǎn)語法 ? 非謂語動(dòng)詞:不定式作目的狀語 ? ? 看下面兩題,了解相關(guān)考點(diǎn): ? 1. Simon made a big bamboo box?? ? ? ?the little sick bird till it could fly. ? A. keep ? B. kept ? C. keeping ? D. to keep ? 2. We got up early this time?? ? ? ?be late for the train again. ? A. in order to ? B. in order to not ? C. so as to ? D. so as not to ? 解析: ? 1. D. 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意為“Simon 做了一個(gè)大竹箱,目的是為了放那只生病的小鳥”,所以選D。 ? 2. D. 考查不定式短語in order to和so as to,以及not的位置。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是否定形式,not要放在to的前面,所 以B不正確。 ? 該考點(diǎn)下,同學(xué)們需要牢記: ??1. 不定式常用作目的狀語,表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,意為“為了”。例如: ? To learn English well, you need time and patience.? ? 要想把英語學(xué)好,你需要時(shí)間和耐心。 ? He raised his voice?to be heard?by all the students. ? 為了被所有的學(xué)生聽到,他提高了聲音。 ??注意:其位置可以是句首,也可以是句末。 ?? ? 2. 還可用?in order to/ so as to?表示目的,意為“以便;為了”。例如: ??He got up very early?in order to/so as to?catch the first bus. ? In order not to?miss the first bus, he got up very early.(注意:句首時(shí)不能用so as to) ? 不定式作賓語 ? ? 一些詞后只能跟to do作賓語。例如: ? The driver?failed to see?the other car in time. ? He?decided to buy?a new car. ? 這種搭配的常見動(dòng)詞有:afford,need,agree,ask,decide,choose,hope,offer,plan,hate,refuse等。 ? 拓展: ? 1.“疑問詞+to do”作賓語: ? I don’t know?where to go this weekend. ? 2. it 作形式賓語: ? I feel?it?my duty?to help them.?(it 作形式賓語,真正的賓語是to help them)? ? 注意:這種用法常用于句型:“find/feel/think+it+adj./n.+to do sth.” ? 狀語從句:結(jié)果狀語從句 ? ? 本模塊主要學(xué)習(xí)so/such...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語: ? 通過下面三道題,看相關(guān)考點(diǎn): ? 1. The teacher taught us in such a lovely way ______ we would never forget what he taught us. ? A. as ? B. that ? C. so that ? D. which ? 2. --- Did you catch what the teacher said? ? --- No. She spoke so fast ______ I?couldn't?hear her very clearly. ? A. which ? B. that ? C. when ? D. Since ??3. There are ______ few problems left ______ I believe you can deal with them yourself. ? A. such; that ? ? B. so; that ? C. such; as ? ? D. so; as ??解析: ? 1. B. 考查結(jié)果狀語從句,such + (a/an) + adj. +可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù))/不可數(shù)名詞+ that。句意:這位老師的教學(xué)方 式如此生動(dòng),以至于我們永遠(yuǎn)都忘不了他教授的內(nèi)容。 ? 2. B. 句意為“她說得太快了,我聽不清楚她說什么??疾榻Y(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,so + adj./adv.+ that...。 ? 3. B. 考查結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞的選用,雖然句中出現(xiàn)了名詞problems,但是因?yàn)槊~前few,只能選so...that...。 ??知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):so/such區(qū)別 名詞such 形副so;? such+(a/an)+adj.+可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù))/不可數(shù)名詞+that... so+adj./adv.+that… so+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that... 多多少少,都用so so+many/much/few/little等+名詞+ that... little一詞有多義? 小用such,少用so so+little(少)+?名詞. + that.. such+a little(?。??名詞+that... ? ?? ? There is?so?little?water left that I have to buy some. (little表示“少”) ? He is?such?a?little?boy that we all like him. (little表示“小”) 高中英語必修2(外研版)Unit 3 Music? 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯 ? ?lose v.喪失,失去 ? ? 1. be lost in sth.:全神貫注于… ? 2. get lost/lose one’s way :迷路? ? He was so lost in reading that he missed the train for work.? ? 他看書太入神了,誤了上班的火車。? ? They got lost because they went in the wrong direction. ? 他們走錯(cuò)了方向,所以迷了路。 ? ?mix v.混合,攪拌 ? ? 1. mix (sth.) with sth. :把...與...混合 ? 2. mix up :混淆,弄亂 ? The powder is mixed with cold water is to form a paste.? ? 用冷水把粉末攪拌成糊狀。 ? I must have got the times mixed up. ? 我肯定是把時(shí)間弄混了。 ??拓展:? ? mixture 混合物,混雜體 ? ?be impressed with sth:對(duì)…留下深刻印象 ? ? You'll be impressed with the brightness and the beauty of the colors.? ? 色彩的明艷美麗會(huì)讓你大飽眼福。 ??拓展: ? 1. impression ?n. 印象 ? leave/give/make an impression on sb. 給某人留下印象 ? 2. impressive ?adj.令人印象深刻的 ? ?split up:解散;決裂;離婚 ? ? Did you know that John and Mary have split up?? ? 約翰和瑪麗已經(jīng)分手了,你知道嗎? ? After the meeting we split up and went home. ? 散會(huì)以后,我們就分開回家了。 ? ?make a note of:記錄(=take a note of) ? ? Make a note of the reference number shown on the form. ? 把表格上的編碼記下來。 ? ?have an influence on:對(duì)…有影響 ? ? Both society and family have an influence on the children’s development. ? 社會(huì)和家庭都會(huì)影響孩子的發(fā)展。 ? ?閱讀必備詞匯 ? ? audience n. 聽眾? ??genius n.天才 ? symphony n.交響樂;交響曲;交響樂團(tuán) ? compose vt.作曲;創(chuàng)作 ? catchy adj. 動(dòng)人的 ? complex adj.復(fù)雜的 ? record vt.錄音 二、重點(diǎn)句型 ? ?After studying music in Vienna, Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern ?Austria, where he became director of music. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“Haydn went to work at the court of a prince in eastern Austria”;after引導(dǎo)部分是一個(gè)介詞 結(jié)構(gòu),表示時(shí)間;where引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語從句,修飾前面的court。 ??翻譯:在維也納學(xué)習(xí)音樂之后,海頓去奧地利東部一個(gè)王子的宮廷工作,在那里他成了音樂指揮家。 ??拓展:where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句在寫作中應(yīng)用非常廣泛,例如: ? Last week, we went to the park near our school. We had a good time there. ? Last week, we went to the park near our school, where we had a good time. ? ?Having worked there for 30 years, Haydn moved to London, where he was very ?successful. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“Haydn moved to London”;“Having worked there for 30 years”是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間狀 語;“where he was very successful”是由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾前面的London。 ??翻譯:在那里工作了30年后,海頓移居倫敦。在倫敦他非常的成功。 ??拓展:“having done”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在寫作中應(yīng)用非常廣泛,適當(dāng)使用不但可以體現(xiàn)語言的多樣性,更能使句子顯得簡(jiǎn) 單地道,例如: ? After we got everything ready we began to head for the park. ? Having got everything ready, we began to head for the park. ? ?He showed musical talent when he was very young, and learned to play the violin and ?piano from his father, who was a singer. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“He showed musical talent and learned to play the violin and piano from his father”;“when ?he?was very young”是一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句;“who was a singer”是由who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾前面的 father。 ??翻譯:他在很小的時(shí)候就表現(xiàn)出了音樂天賦,并從他的父親那學(xué)會(huì)了拉小提琴和鋼琴。他父親是一個(gè)歌手。 ? ?However, it was Haydn who encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. ? ??解析:本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句,結(jié)構(gòu)是it was+ Haydn +who+ encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna,原句是: Haydn encouraged Beethoven to move to Vienna. ??翻譯:然而,鼓勵(lì)貝多芬去維也納的人正是海頓。 ??拓展:強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是:It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+ 其它部分(如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是人,其中的that還可以換成 who)。如何區(qū)分強(qiáng)調(diào)句型其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,只要把It is/was +that/who去掉,如果剩余部分通過調(diào)整語序組成一個(gè)完整 的句子,那該句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,否則就不是。 三、重點(diǎn)語法 ? 狀語從句:時(shí)間狀語從句(when/while/as) ? when, while, as都可作"當(dāng)…時(shí)"解。 ? 若主句表示短暫性動(dòng)作,從句表示持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,三者都可用。 ? He?fell asleep?when/while/as?he was reading. ? 他看書時(shí)睡著了。 ? ??實(shí)際考查時(shí),一般考查三者的區(qū)別: ? 1. when一般表示時(shí)間點(diǎn);while表示時(shí)間段。例如: ? When we arrived in Beijing, it was raining. (arrive不是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) ? 我們到達(dá)北京時(shí),天正在下雨。 ? Please do not trouble me while I am writing my homework. (write是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) ? 我寫作業(yè)時(shí)請(qǐng)不要打擾我。 ? 2. when 表示“這時(shí)(突然)”;while表示“而”、“卻”(表示對(duì)比) ??We were about to start?when?it began to rain. ? 我們正要出發(fā),天突然開始下雨了。 ? He likes coffee,?while?she likes tea. ? 他喜歡咖啡,而她卻喜歡茶。 ? 3. as表示“隨著;一邊…,一邊…”。 ??As?children get older, they become more and more interested in everything. ? 隨著孩子日漸長(zhǎng)大,他們對(duì)一切變得越來越感興趣。 ? 過去完成時(shí) ? ? 1. 概念 ? 表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作,即“過去的過去”。 ? 2. 構(gòu)成:had+過去分詞 ? 3. 用法 (1)發(fā)生在過去以前的動(dòng)作,已結(jié)束,對(duì)過去造成影響。它不能離開過去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在,多與 already, yet,? just, before, never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by, before, when等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如: ? When we?got?to the cinema, the film?had already begun. ? 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)電影院時(shí),電影已經(jīng)開始了。 (2)發(fā)生在過去以前的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),一直延續(xù)到過去的這一時(shí)間,而且還可能繼續(xù)下去,常和for, since構(gòu)成的短語 或引導(dǎo)的從句連用。 ? By the time I?left?the school, he?had taught?the class for 3 years. ??到我畢業(yè)時(shí),他已經(jīng)教那個(gè)班三年了。 ? 拓展: (1)用在 "It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中,that從句要用過去完成時(shí)。 ? This was the first time?that they?had met?in thirty years. ? 這是三十年里他們第一次見面。 (2)動(dòng)詞hope, wish, expect, think, intend, suppose等用過去完成時(shí)表示本來打算做而沒有做的事,含有某 種惋惜。 ? We?had hoped?that you would come, but you didn't. ? 我們本來希望你能力,但是你沒有。 高中英語必修2(外研版)Unit 4 Fine Arts---Western, Chinese and Pop Arts? 知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié) 一、重點(diǎn)詞匯 ? ?詞義辨析:alive/living/live/lively ? ? 都有“活著的”意思,含義和所做成分各有不同。 含義 用法 ?alive 人或物“活著的”,側(cè)重生與死的界限。 表語,只做后置定語或補(bǔ)語 ?living 人或物“尚在人間,健在的” 定語,表語 ?live 物“活著的”,也有“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的” 名詞前做定語 ?lively 人或物“活潑的,活躍,充滿生氣的” 定語,表語,補(bǔ)語 ? The man alive is greater than he. ? 在活著的人中,沒有人比他更偉大。 ? The living must finish the work of those dead. ? 活著的人必須完成那些死去的人的事業(yè)。 ??He said he had seen a live whale. ? 他說他見過活鯨魚。 ? He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.? ? 他有一種奇特的方法,使他的課生動(dòng)有趣。 ? ?詞義辨析:destroy/damage/ruin ? ? 都有“破壞”的意思,程度和用法有不同。 ?destroy 通常指無法修護(hù)的損壞。 ?damage 部分的損壞,可以修復(fù)。 ?ruin 徹底的毀壞,通常指由自然現(xiàn)象、疏忽等造成的破壞。 ? The fire destroyed the building. ? 大火毀滅了大樓。 ? Smoking will damage your health. ? 抽煙會(huì)損害你的健康。 ? He ruined his prospects by carelessness. ? 他因粗心大意斷送了前途。 ? ?be/get tired of:對(duì)...厭煩 ? ? I'm so tired of your stinky shoes.? ? 我真受不了你的臭鞋子。 ? tell by:從...可看出 ? ? In England,it's easy to tell a person's class by his speech. ? 在英國(guó),根據(jù)一個(gè)人的言談就很容易判斷出其所屬的社會(huì)階層。 ? ?put off:推遲;延期 ? ? Because of the bad weather, we suggested putting off the meeting till tomorrow. ? 因?yàn)閴奶鞖猓覀兘ㄗh把會(huì)議推遲到明天。? ??拓展:put 詞組 ? 1. put up with:忍受 ? 2. put out :熄滅,撲滅 ? 3. put down:記錄,寫下 ? 4. put forward: ?提出 ? 5. put up:舉起;張貼 ? ?一詞多義:adopt vt.采納,采用;領(lǐng)養(yǎng) ? ? The store recently adopted a drug testing police for all new employees. ? 這家商店進(jìn)來實(shí)行新雇員做藥檢的政策。 ? Sally was adopted when she was 4.? ??Sally 四歲時(shí)被人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)。? ? 一詞多義:stand vt. 站立,坐落于;忍受 ? ? There stands a tall building between the bus station and the shopping center. ? 在車站和購(gòu)物中心坐落著一座建筑物。 ? I can’t stand people smoking around me when i am eating. ? 我受不了吃飯的時(shí)候有人在我旁邊抽煙。 ??拓展:英文中表達(dá)“忍受”含義的詞還有: ? bear,endure,tolerate,put up with? ? 一詞多義:?realize/realise vt.意識(shí)到;實(shí)現(xiàn) ? ? Only after you lose your health, will you realize the importance of health. ? 唯有在失去健康之后,我們才能意識(shí)到健康的重要。 ? My dream of being a teacher will be realized in 3 years. ??我當(dāng)一名教師的夢(mèng)想會(huì)在三年內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)。? ? 一詞多義:?observe v. 觀察;遵守 ? ? Officers observed him driving at 90 miles per hour. ? 警察發(fā)現(xiàn)他以40英里每小時(shí)的時(shí)速駕車。(obseve sb. doing sth.觀察某人正在做某事) ? It is required that all traffic participants should observe the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster. ? 確保交通順利,每個(gè)人都要遵守交通規(guī)則。? ?? ?閱讀必備詞匯 ? ? contemporary adj. 當(dāng)代的 ? delightful adj.令人愉悅的 ? scene n.景色;風(fēng)景 ? aspect n.方面 ? imitate vt. 模仿;臨摹 ? reality n.真實(shí);現(xiàn)實(shí);逼真 ? exhibition n.展覽 ? expression n.表現(xiàn);表達(dá) ? landscape n.風(fēng)景;景色 ? portrait n. 畫像;肖像;人像 ? realistic adj.現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的 二、重點(diǎn)句型 ? ?This is a painting by the Spanish artist, Pablo Picasso, considered to be the greatest ?western artist of the twentieth century. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“This is a painting”“ by the Spanish artist”是一個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾前面的artist;“Pablo? Picasso”是同位語,解釋補(bǔ)充前面的artist;“considered to be the greatest western artist of the twentieth? century”是一個(gè)過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語,修飾前面的artist。 ??翻譯:這是一幅西班牙藝術(shù)家畢加索的畫,他被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)最偉大的西方藝術(shù)家。 ??拓展:在寫作中適當(dāng)使用同位語可以提高語言質(zhì)量,例如: ? Tom is from England. He is popular with his classmates. ? Tom, a boy from England, is popular with his classmates. ? ?Picasso and another painter, George Braque, started Cubism, one of the most? important?of all modern art movements. ? ??解析:本句的主干是“Picasso and another pain- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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