英語第一部分 閱讀理解篇 1 閱讀理解 第4講 主旨大意類

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1、專題一閱讀理解專題一閱讀理解閱讀理解篇閱讀理解篇第四講詞義猜測類第四講詞義猜測類第一部分 詞義猜測題著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的能力，這也是一個從“已知”得出“未知”的過程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是該詞或短語前后的句子)進行推理，有時還需要依靠常識和經(jīng)驗來猜測詞義?？疾榉秶婕皢卧~意義理解、短語意義理解、句子意義理解或代詞指代對象的確定等。1 1題 型 特 點題 型 特 點3 3分 類 例 析分 類 例 析4 4復(fù) 習(xí) 練 案復(fù) 習(xí) 練 案2 2解 題 流 程解 題 流 程題題 型型 特特 點點 詞義猜測題常見設(shè)問方式 1(1)What does the underlined wor

2、d mean in the.?(2)The word“.”probably refers to.其中均含有word or underlined word。2(1)The term/sentence in.can be replaced by.(2)What does the underlined phrase/sentence mean in the last paragraph?解解 題題 流流 程程 “一原則”、“二關(guān)注”速解詞義猜測題 一原則 結(jié)合上下文 詞義猜測題所提問的單詞、詞組或句子一般都是考生不認識的，即使認識，正確答案也未必是熟悉的含義。這種題目目的就是希望考生能結(jié)合上下文，來

3、理解不認識的單詞、詞組或句子。二關(guān)注 關(guān)注并列轉(zhuǎn)折部分 這是做詞義猜測題的一大利器。因為由并列轉(zhuǎn)折連接的兩部分會存在語義含義和成分的對應(yīng)。所以如果有一個單詞不認識，就可以在與其并列或轉(zhuǎn)折部分的信息中找對應(yīng)信息。關(guān)注解釋說明部分 分析試題可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實出題者在出一些詞義猜測題的時候也是動了惻隱之心的。會在晦澀難懂的信息附近存在一個解釋說明部分，解釋說明部分的標(biāo)志有逗號、冒號、破折號、雙引號等。分分 類類 例例 析析 1詞(短語)義猜測題(2017福建省高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)檢)If you need to spend time on the road,its important to find ways

4、to keep safe on your feet.Dont suppose its our right of way.Yes,you might be crossing at the right place,at the right time,within the crosswalk area,but you are still exposed to danger.It could be a _distracted_ drive,or a cyclist with a loose sense of traffic rules,so you could still get hurt.You c

5、an be in the right legally,but that wont be much help when youre in the hospital.Q：What does the underlined word“distracted”in Paragraph 2 mean?AConsiderate.BStrange.CKindhearted.DAbsentminded.解題思路 dis是常見前綴，表示“分開；分離；去掉；否定；消失掉”。dis分開，分離，去掉tract拉把(心)拉開分心。故選D。也可根據(jù)畫線詞后的同義解釋“or a cyclist with a loose sen

6、se of traffic rules”可知，此處的distracted與“l(fā)oose”呼應(yīng)，由此可推知，有的駕駛員心不在焉。嘗試解答：_D(2013北京，A片段)The advanced EP also heats the room _evenly_，wall to wall and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet.Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of t

7、he room.And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater.With the EP,the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.Q：The underlined word“evenly”in Paragraph 4 probably means _.AcontinuouslyBseparatelyCquicklyDequally 解題思路 在本段中作者將EP加熱器與其他加熱器進行了比較。其他加熱器只加熱附近小片區(qū)域，而這款加熱器能夠把墻、門、天花板都加熱，故畫線詞

8、的詞義為“均勻地，平等地”，因此選D項。continuously繼續(xù)地；separately單獨地，各自地；quickly迅速地。嘗試解答：_D(2013福建，A片段)When I was 12,all I wanted was a signet(圖章)ring.They were the“_in_”thing and it seemed every girl except me had one.On my 13th birthday,my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials(姓名首字母)carved into it.I was in heav

9、en.Q：The underlined word“in”in the first paragraph probably means“_”Afashionable BavailableCpracticalDrenewable 解題思路 根據(jù)and后的.it seemed every girl except me had one.(除了我之外，似乎每個女孩都擁有一枚這樣的戒指)可推斷出，圖章戒指在當(dāng)時是非常時髦的(fashionable)東西，故選A項。available有效的，可得到的；practical實用的；renewable可更新的，可再生的。嘗試解答：_A(2016全國，C片段)Ther

10、e are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so its _a pipe dream_ for most apple lovers who fall for it.Q：What does the underlined phrase“a pi

11、pe dream”in Paragraph 3 mean?AA practical idea.BA vain hope.CA brilliant plan.DA selfish desire.解題思路 根據(jù)連接詞so可知上下文之間存在著因果關(guān)系，故我們需要從上文中尋找答案。由上文中的“One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it.”可知，盡管Orleans Reinet

12、te是很好的品種，但是對各項條件的要求很高，因此大多數(shù)喜歡它的人種植它的希望會落空。嘗試解答：_B 2指代猜測題(2016四川，C片段).His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting

13、 lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with _it_ not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even suicide.Q：What does the underlined word“it”in the last paragraph refer to?AThe modern French lifestyle.BThe selfsupporting hunting.CThe un

14、civilized world.DThe French Republic.解題思路 第一步通讀全文，找出代詞所在語句 These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even

15、suicide.第二步試找出該代詞所代替的詞語 此處which brings with it.意為“隨之帶來的有”?？芍颂巌t即指前面的_ 嘗試解答：_the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic A(2016全國，B片段)“My friend said：Now we believe your stories，”Welty added.“And I said:Now you know.These are the people that make me write _them_.”Q：The underlined word“them”i

16、n Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys_.AreadersBpartiesCfriendsD stories 解題思路 第一步找出代詞所在語句 These are the people that make me write them.第二步向上搜索，可找到復(fù)數(shù)名詞_，代入可知應(yīng)為_ 嘗試解答：_stories和people stories D 3句意猜測題(2016江蘇，D片段).But ShellyAnns victory was far greater than that.The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing,the ro

17、utine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the one of the neighbouring streets stopped.The dark cloud above worlds toughest criminal neighborhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“_I have so much fire burning for my country_”Shelly said.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children a

18、nd wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world.As Muhammad Ali puts it,“Champions arent made in gyms.Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire

19、,a dream,a vision.”O(jiān)ne of the things ShellyAnn can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.Q：What can we infer from ShellyAnns statement underlined in Paragraph 5?AShe was highly rewarded for her efforts.BShe was eager to do more for her country.CShe became an athletic star in her country.DSh

20、e was the envy of the whole community.解題思路 第一步速讀文章，并標(biāo)出文章與畫線句子相關(guān)的句子 相關(guān)句：_ _ 第二步對比信息句、畫線句和選項，確定答案 由后面的進一步解釋：“她計劃為無家可歸的孩子建立基金會，在Waterhouse建立社區(qū)中心。她有志于鼓勵牙買加人放下武器，為建立男女平等的世界而斗爭”可知畫線句子表示她希望為國家做更多的事情。嘗試解答：_ She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a womans as well as a mans world.B 復(fù)復(fù) 習(xí)習(xí) 練練 案案