山東省郯城第三中學(xué)高中英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)四 定語從句（含配套練習(xí)）

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1、 山東省郯城第三中學(xué)高中英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)四 定語從句（含配套練習(xí)） （一）定語從句一般由關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo) 1、關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首，主句先行詞之后，起著連接先行詞和從句的作用， 同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。 e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語） The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句

2、中 作介詞with的賓語） 3、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法：1）當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)用who 作主語，whom作賓語；2）當(dāng)先行詞為物或整個(gè)句子時(shí)用which ，可作主語或賓語；3）先行詞為人、物時(shí)用that ，可作主語或賓語；4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；5）關(guān)系副詞when（指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，where（指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。 （二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句 1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。 e.g. I was the only person in ou

3、r office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定語從句：從句對(duì)先行詞關(guān)系不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號(hào)隔開，不能that用引導(dǎo)。 e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯） （三）使用定語從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問題 1、that與which的區(qū)別。 1）用that而不用 which的情況：①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …；②先行詞有最

4、高級(jí)修飾，有序數(shù)詞修飾；③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。 Mr Smith is the only

5、 foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國人。 2）用which而不用 that的情況：①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；②代表整個(gè)主句的意思；③介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。 e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。 3）as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的用法 ①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于the

6、same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。 e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國制造的。 ②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用來修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I

7、 expect 等。 e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。 3）as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別 ①當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時(shí)，用as；反之，用which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected. ②當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí)，常用which

8、引導(dǎo)。 e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all. 2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。 e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3. 定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔

9、開。 e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand. 4. 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞 + which”來代替。 e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded. 5. 當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，短語動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開。 e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is h

10、er father. 6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關(guān)系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用who，且可省略。 e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school. 練習(xí)、定語從句 一、把下列每對(duì)句子合并成含有定語從句的主從復(fù)合句： 5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park. 6. The letter is from

11、 my sister. I received it yesterday. 7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night. 8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning. 9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago. 10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it. 11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop

12、. 12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now. 13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer. 14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in. 15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class. 16. He used to live in a big house. In front

13、of it grew many banana trees. 17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields. 18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag. 19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple. 20. She came into a big ro

14、om. In the middle of it stood a large table. 二、根據(jù)句子意思，在第一個(gè)空白處填入介詞，在第二個(gè)填入關(guān)系代詞whom或which: 1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about. 2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke. 3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoy

15、ed it very much. 4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. 5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found. 6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written. 三、選

16、擇填空： 1. The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 3. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten. A. that B. w

17、hich C. what D. as 4. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily? A. when B. where C. which D. who 5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as 6. Those ____ want t

18、o go please sign their names here. A. whom B. which C. who D. when 7. Where is the man ____ I met this morning? A. when B. where C. which D. who 8. Who is the woman ____ is sweeping the floor over there? A. who B. / C. that D. when 9. The man ____ you talked just now is a

19、 worker. A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who 10. The man ____ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour. A. with whom B. when C. to whom D. which 11. The doctor ____ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. th

20、e nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 12. The man ____ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed 13. He talked about a hero ____ no one had ever heard. A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who 14. In fact

21、 the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which 15. Have you read the book ____ I lent to you? A. that B. whom C. when D. whose 16. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police. A. that

22、 B. which C. whatever D. all 17. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those 18. This is the very letter ____came last night. A. who B. which C. that D. as 19. I know on

23、ly a little about this matter; you may ask ____ knows better than I. A. whoever B. whomever C. anyone D. the one 20. This is the school ____ we visited three days ago. A. where B. / C. when D. what 21. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago. A. where B. that C. which D

24、. on which 22. Nearby were two canoes ____ they had come to the island. A. which B. in which C. that D. / 23. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which 24. Do you work near the building ____ c

25、olour is yellow? A. that B. which C. its D. whose 25. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. form whom 26. Is this school ____ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. which C. that D. where 27. Is this th

26、e school ____ we visited three years ago? A. the one B. where C. in which D. / 28, How many students are there in your class ____ homes are in the country? A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 29. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ____ came as a surprise. A. it B. which

27、 C. that D. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage ____ already seven other people. A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were 31. I live in the house ____ windows face south. A. which B. whose C. where D. in that 32. ----

28、 What game is popular with them? ---- The ____ most is tennis. A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it 33. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had. A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which 34.

29、The room ____ Mr White lives is not very large. A. that B. which C. where D. when 35. Don’t forget the day ____ you were received into the Youth League. A. when B. that C. at which D. where 36. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month. A. that B. what

30、 C. which D. when 37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, ____ was unexpected. A. which B. as C. that D. it 38. ____ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn. A. What B. As C. That D. Which 39. The old man had three sons, all of ____ died

31、 during World War Ⅱ. A. whose B. that C. whom D. who 40. I have bought two pens, ____ write well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which 41. Do you know the reason ____ she has changed her mind? A. why B. which C. for that D. of which

32、 47. You must show my wife the same respect ____ you show me. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 48. He is absent ____ is often the case. A. what B. which C. who D. as 49. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city. A. that B. which C. what D. when 50. Who __

33、__ has the same idea as it will do it in this way. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 51. I shall never forget those years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, ____ has a great effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who 52. This is the only book

34、____ I can find. A. that B. which C. it D. with which 53. I don’t like ____ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 54. That is one of those books that ____ worth reading. A. is B. are C. has D. have 55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best. A. is B. are C. has D. have 56. There was ____ to prevent the accident. A. something could do B. anything we could do C. nothing we couldn’t do D. nothing we could do 27