高一（上）英語(yǔ) M1U1《School life》定語(yǔ)從句之關(guān)系代詞（教師版）

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111 一、什么是定語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或者代詞進(jìn)行修飾或者限定的成分,定語(yǔ)一般可以翻譯成“….的” 二、定語(yǔ)可以由什么充當(dāng)。 the green team __形容詞____________ a girl in red ___介詞短語(yǔ)____________ a book written by LuXun ___過(guò)去分詞__________ the girl sitting next to me ____現(xiàn)在分詞__________ the work to be done ____不定式______________ a lady who sat next to a black man _____定語(yǔ)從句_________________ 三、定語(yǔ)從句的三大要素 1. 定語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾限定的從句 2. 先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定的名詞或代詞 3. 關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞）：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的代詞或者副詞。 關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 關(guān)系副詞有 when, where, why 四、判斷下列復(fù)合句中的從句是否為定語(yǔ)從句。 1. The man that helped you is Mr. White. 是 2. Our teachers and parents hoped that we can enter a good university after graduating from Huairen high school three years later. 否 3. This is the school bag which my mother bought me yesterday. 是 4. The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised. 是 5. China is no longer what it used to be. 否 6. I don’t know the boy whom you gave the book to just now 是 五、關(guān)系詞的三大功能 1. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 2. 在從句中替代先行詞（從句中不能再出現(xiàn)先行詞或代替先行詞的代詞） 3. 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分 功能2(替代功能)講解： 判斷下列兩組定語(yǔ)從句的正誤 ① The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. √ ② The student whom we saw him just now is the best runner in our school. × ③ The trees which are behind the office building have lost their leaves. √ ④ The trees which they are behind the office building have lost their leaves. × 功能3（成分功能）講解見(jiàn)課本P8 六、關(guān)系代詞的用法 1. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞為物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以用that 或which, 在從句中可以做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，其中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被省略。 ? The earthquake which/that happened in 1906 was the biggest in American history. ? The train which/that has just left is for Shanghai. ? He likes the birthday presents （that/which）his friends gave him. ? I’ll tell you the things （that/which）I have heard 練練吧： ① The paintings （that/which）David donated to the school are being shown in the exhibition room. ② This is the book (that/which) I bought yesterday. ③ This is the factory that/ which produces famous bikes. ④ We all hope to enter a university which/ that is beautiful and famous. 2. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞為人時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞可以用that, who, whom, 其中that 和who 在從句中可以做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，whom 只能做賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這三個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都可以被省略掉。 ? I’m going to see a friend who/that has just come back from the UK. ? She is the teacher who/that taught us English Literature. ? The student （whom/who/that） we saw at the school gate is from America. ? I don’t know the man (whom/who/that) my mother is talking to. 練練吧： ① Do you know the student that/who left a moment ago? ② Most of the students (that/who/whom) he taught have become his friends. ③ A football fan is a person that/who has a strong interest in football. ④ The students that/ who have finished your homework put up your hands. 3. whose 在定語(yǔ)從句中表示一種所屬關(guān)系，可翻譯為“…的”，既可以指人，也可以指物，相當(dāng)于of which/whom. 在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。 ? I sat next to a girl whose name was Diane. = I sat nest to a girl the name of whom was Diane. ? The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon. = The club the members of which are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon. 練練吧： ① A person whose email account（郵箱）is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails. ② His parents wouldn’t let him marry the girl whose family was poor. ③ The book whose cover is green is mine. ④ Weihua attended a school in the UK whose school hours are quite different from the school hours in China. 七、五個(gè)關(guān)系代詞的用法小結(jié) 關(guān)系代詞 指人/指物 在從句中的成分 可否省略 that 人或物 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)不可省，賓語(yǔ)可省 which 物 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)不可省，賓語(yǔ)可省 who 人 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 主語(yǔ)不可省，賓語(yǔ)可省 whom 人 賓語(yǔ) 可省 whose 人或物 定語(yǔ) 不可省 八、定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該和先行詞保持一致。 1. I, __am_____ (be) your friend, will try my best to help you. 2. Li Ying is one of the girls in the village __B______ to college. A. who goes B. who go C. who went D. who had gone 3. Li Ying is the only one of the girls in the village _A___ to college. A. who goes B. who go C. who went D. who had gone 九、當(dāng)先行詞為物時(shí)，只能使用關(guān)系代詞that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況（金榜直通P15） 十、定語(yǔ)從句中必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序。 鞏固練習(xí)： 一、 填空（盡量把能用的關(guān)系代詞都用上，如果關(guān)系詞做賓語(yǔ)則用括號(hào)括起來(lái)） 1. My brother (that/who/whom) you met last month has gone abroad. 2. Those who not only learn from books but also through practice will succeed. 3. You have many people around you that/ who are kind to you. 4. Football that/ which is a very interesting game is played all over the world. 5. That the man whose house has burned down. 6. Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now. 7. Those students who/ that want to go camping please tell the monitor 8. He has written a book whose name I have forgotten. 9. The book is the only one (that) I want to read. 10. This is the best factory that produces famous bikes. 11. Finally, the thief handed everything (that) he had stolen to the police. 12. He talked about the classmates and school (that) he had visited. 13. All that needs to be done has been done. 14. Have you got anything that belongs to me? 15. He is always the first student that/who arrives at the classroom. 16. The only thing that could be done is to find our way home. 17. Who is the boy that is playing basketball there? 18. Which is the correct answer that can be chosen? 19. You have seen the girl whose sister is a teacher. 二、 翻譯下列句子 20. Here is the pen (that) you lost yesterday.(你昨天丟的). 21. He is the most careful boy (that/who/whom) I have ever known(我所知道的). 22. I have lost the watch (that/which) my father gave me(我父親給我的). 23. Wheat is a plant that/which is grown in the north of China.(中國(guó)北方種植的). 24. The teacher that/ who stood nearby (站在附近的) saw what happened. 25. The girl that/ who told me the news (告訴我消息的) is not here now. 26. The man who/ that works in the room (在這間屋子工作的) is a chemist. 27. The boys who/ that live in the house(住在這所房子里的) are physics students. 28. The young man who/that walked past us(從我們身旁走過(guò)去的) is the assistant of our chemistry lab. 29. The woman who/ that teaches us history(教我們歷史的) is named ZhangLi. 三、 單項(xiàng)選擇 30. The man __C___ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 31. The only language _B____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it 32. The girl handed everything C_____ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all 33. Please show me the book __A___ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this 34. The boy___ D___ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door 35. Those _D___ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 36. He is the most careful boy _D____ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. ./ 37. October 1, 1949 is the day _B____ we’ll never forget. A. when ??????????? B. that?????????????? C. where?????????? D. in which 38. Is this museum _D____ they visited last month? A. that??????????????? B. which?????????? C. where??????????? D. the one 40. He talked about the men and books _A_____ interested him greatly in the school. A. that B. when C. who D. which 41. I’ve read all the books __B____ our teacher requires us to read. A. which B. that C. what D. they 42. This is the very building _B_____ I’ve been looking for the whole morning A. which B. that C. where D. in which 43. Is this the house ___A___ the great musician was born in? A. which B. where C. the one D. it 44. We should learn form those _A_____ are always ready to help other. A. who B. whom C. they D. that 45. Who _C_____ knows him would believe him? A. whom B. who C. that D. which 46. My cousin __C____ body is slim, still wants to lose some weight. A. who B. that C. whose D. his 47. The younger singer _D____ voice sounds sweet is good at singing popular songs. A. who B. who’s C. which D. whose 48. Is this the factory __B_____ you visited the other day? A. in which B. which C. where D. the one 49. Is this factory __D_____ you visited the other day? A. in which B. which C. where D. the one 50. Who is the girl _C___ is crying over there? A. who B. whom C. that D. which 111