Unit 1《Getting along with others》Grammar and usage學(xué)案1（牛津譯林版必修5）

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111 牛津版模塊五 Unit 1 Getting along with others Words and expressions 1. get along ① get along/ on with sb. 和睦相處 She works hard and is easy to get along with. They should get along well together because they have much in common. 他們?cè)谝黄饝?yīng)該處得不錯(cuò)，因?yàn)樗麄冇性S多共同點(diǎn)。 (2008四川卷) 9. I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we ______ fine. A. look out B. stay up C. carry on D. get along ② get along / on (with sth.) 進(jìn)展，進(jìn)行 How are you getting along with your English? 你的英語學(xué)得怎么樣？ How is your son getting along in school? 你的兒子在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)怎么樣？ The business is getting along very well. 生意經(jīng)營得很不錯(cuò)。 They said they could get along without our help. 他們說沒有我們的幫助他們也能進(jìn)行下去。 （MET93）Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through （2006重慶）28.—How are you managing to do your work without an assistant? —Well, I____________ somehow. （總算） A. get along B. come on C. watch out D. set off 2. betray vt. ①背叛，出賣 （同）desert, abandon betray one’s country 叛國 betray one’s friends 背叛朋友 He betrayed me. 他背叛了我。/ I feel betrayed by my friend. He would rather die than betray his country to the enemy. 他寧愿犧牲也不出賣國家給敵人。 He betrayed his friends by breaking his promises. 他不遵守自己的諾言，失信于朋友。 ②（非故意地）暴露，顯露 betray oneself 露出本來面目/ 原形畢露 Her face betrayed her nervousness. 她臉上的表情顯示了她的緊張不安。 The expression on her face betrays her anger/ that she is angry. 3. overlook vt. ①忽視，忽略，未注意到（同）ignore, neglect This is a message that you can not overlook. 這是你不能忽視的一條消息。 Henry went through the documents again carefully for fear of overlooking any important data. 亨利再次仔細(xì)檢查了文件，惟恐看漏了任何重要的信息。 ②寬恕，寬容 I decided to overlook his mistake. 我決定寬恕他的過錯(cuò)。 I will overlook your behavior this time. 這次我不計(jì)較你的行為。 ③俯瞰，俯視（同）have a bird’s eye view Standing on top of the hill, we overlooked the village below. 我們站在山頂上，俯瞰下面的村莊。 The hotel overlooks the beach with distant blue sea. 這座旅館居高臨下，可以鳥瞰海灘和遠(yuǎn)處藍(lán)藍(lán)的大海。 4. admit (admitted, admitting) admission n. 1) vt. ①承認(rèn)，供認(rèn) admit (doing) sth. / that / sb to be admit stealing the car（正） He admitted having done wrong/ that he had done wrong. 他承認(rèn)做錯(cuò)了。 The accused man admitted his guilt. 被告承認(rèn)了他的罪行。 Now that he ____ that he had stolen the money, you should have forgiven him. A. excused B. suffered C. offered D. admitted You must admit the task to be difficult. / We all admit him to be foolish. It’s generally admitted that 一般認(rèn)為 ②準(zhǔn)許……進(jìn)入（或加入） admit sb to / into 允許……進(jìn)入/ 參加 be admitted into / to被接納 be admitted to college 被大學(xué)入取 be admitted into / to a key university be admitted into the Party How many students have been admitted to our school this year? 今年有多少學(xué)生獲準(zhǔn)入學(xué)？ Over 1000 students are admitted to our school every year. Children under 18 are not admitted to the film. 5. keep one’s word/ promise 遵守諾言 He always keeps his word. 他總是信守諾言。 Don’t believe him, for he never keep his word. 別信他，他從不信手諾言。 反義詞：break one’s word 6. swear vt. / vi. (swore, sworn) ①發(fā)誓，宣誓 swear sth. / swear to do / swear that They swore eternal friendship. 他們發(fā)誓友情不渝。 He swore never to drink. = He swore that he would never drink. I swore not to tell anybody about it. Are you willing to swear in court that you saw him do it? 你愿意在法庭上宣誓說你曾看見他做那件事了嗎？ ②(at) 詛咒，咒罵（同）curse She swore at the man in her way but people glared at her. 7. trouble 1) n. What’s the trouble? = What’s wrong? 出什么事了？ be in trouble處于困境 Don’t laugh at people who are in trouble. If you are in trouble, please turn to me for help. get into trouble 陷入困境 Even an experienced climber can get into trouble. 哪怕是個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的登山者也能陷入困境。 have trouble/ difficulty/ problems in doing I had some trouble in reading the letter. His handwriting is very bad. ask for trouble 自找麻煩 Driving after drinking alcohol is asking for trouble. 酒后開車是自討苦吃。 put sb. to trouble 給某人添麻煩 put sb to a lot of trouble 給某人添了很多麻煩 put sb. to the trouble of doing sth. I’m sorry to have put you to so much trouble. 很抱歉，給您添了這么多麻煩。 take the trouble to do 費(fèi)神做……，不辭勞苦地去做…… He is so kind as to take the trouble to help me with my English. 他真是太好了，不辭勞苦地幫我學(xué)英語。 cause/ make trouble 惹麻煩，闖禍 Don’t give him another drink or he’ll start causing trouble. 別讓他再喝了，不然他會(huì)開始惹麻煩的。 give/ bring sb trouble 給某人帶來麻煩 The new computer has been giving us a lot of trouble. 這臺(tái)新計(jì)算機(jī)給我們添了許多麻煩。 （2008安徽卷）28. —Are you happy with your new computer? —No, it is _______ me a lot of trouble. A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing 2) v. May I trouble you? / Sorry to trouble you. （口）我可以麻煩您一下嗎？/ 對(duì)不起，麻煩您一下。 Sorry to trouble you, but could you tell me the way to the station, please. 對(duì)不起，麻煩您一下。請(qǐng)問到車站怎么走？ （2005年天津卷）1. —Sorry to ____ you, but could I ask a quick question? —No problem. A. worry B. prevent C. trouble D. disappoint 8. stand v. ①（用于否定句、疑問句）容忍，忍受（同）bear, endure stand doing sth. stand sb. / sth. He can’t stand hot weather. I can’t stand a lot of noise when I am reading. 當(dāng)我閱讀時(shí)忍受不了那么大的噪聲。 I can’t stand the man, for he talks too much. He can’t stand being treated like that/ being kept waiting. None of us can stand other people laughing at us. （2006北京）35. I can’t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _____talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop ② 經(jīng)受，經(jīng)得起 Whether it can stand the test of time remains to be seen. （05山東）Modern plastics can ______ very high and very low temperatures. A. stand B. hold C. carry D. support 9. likely adj. 很可能的，有希望的（同）probable, possible（反）unlikely It is likely that … Sb. / Sth. be likely to do ▲“可能”的幾種表達(dá)： It’s likely / probable / possible / that有可能= Chances are that Sb. / Sth. is likely to do sth. It’s possible for sb. to do sth. （不能說：Sb. be probable to do sth./ Sb. be possible to do sth.） 10. blame v. / n. ①blame sb. for (doing sth.) 因……而責(zé)備某人 blame sth. on sb. 把……歸咎于某人 They blamed him for the accident. = They blamed the accident on him. （2006福建）33._______for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed ②to blame 應(yīng)受譴責(zé) I am to blame. 是我不好。/ It is I who am to blame. (NMET2002) The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass. 母親不知道該責(zé)備誰打破了玻璃。 (2002上海) I feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child. （2006安徽）35. Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ． A. blamed B. blaming C．to blame D. to be blamed n. (對(duì)于失敗等的)責(zé)備，責(zé)難；非難 ▲ put / lay the blame (for sth.) on sb. 把責(zé)任推到某人身上 He put/ laid the blame for his failure in the exam on his teacher. 他將此次考試的失敗歸罪于他的老師。 11. doubt n. / v. doubtful adj. 1) doubt n. “懷疑，疑惑”，后接同位語從句時(shí)，肯定句whether用引導(dǎo)， 否定、疑問句用that引導(dǎo) There is no doubt that the earth moves round the sun. There is some doubt whether he is fit for the position. I have no doubt that you will succeed. 我肯定你能成功。. ▲without / beyond doubt 無疑地，確實(shí)地 raise doubt in doubt 有疑問 She was beyond doubt the finest ballerina of her day. The cause of the accident is still in doubt. 那事件的原因依然尚未確定。 2) doubt vt. “懷疑，疑惑” doubt + that…(doubt為否定式) doubt + whether / if…(doubt為肯定式) I doubt whether/ if he will keep his word. I don’t doubt that our team will win. 12. in public 公開地；當(dāng)眾 speak in public 當(dāng)眾演說 He admitted his mistake in public. 他當(dāng)眾承認(rèn)了自己的錯(cuò)誤。 the public 公眾 The museum will be open to the public next week. 13. gifted adj. 有天賦的；有天資的 a gifted musician 有天賦的音樂家 be gifted in The boy is gifted in painting. 這男孩在繪畫上有天賦。 gift n. ①禮物；贈(zèng)品，捐贈(zèng)a Christmas gift ②天賦；天資 a boy of many gifts 多才多藝的少年 have a gift for He has a gift for music. 他有音樂的天賦。 Mrs. Taylor has an 8-year-old daughter who has a gift for painting —she has won two national prizes. 14. strength n. ①力，力氣（同）power, force save oneself/ one’s energy/ strength for (the next game) (2001全國春招) Have a good rest, you need to save your energy for the tennis match this afternoon. He is saving himself/ his strength for the heavy work he’ll have to do this afternoon. (2005天津,10) Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his ____. A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind Bill進(jìn)行大量的鍛煉以增強(qiáng)體力。 ②強(qiáng)點(diǎn)，長處 I’m aware of my strengths and weaknesses myself. 我知道自己的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values strengthen vt. / vi. （反義詞weaken） strengthen national defence / unity 鞏固國防/ 加強(qiáng)團(tuán)結(jié) Exercise will strengthen your body. 運(yùn)動(dòng)使你身體強(qiáng)健。 15. delay 1) vt. ①耽擱，延誤 The train was delayed one hour by the accident. 這班火車因車禍而延誤了一個(gè)小時(shí)。 (2004遼寧) 33. John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been by a heavy storm. A. kept B. stopped C. slowed D. delayed ②推遲，使延期（同）postpone delay doing 推遲做 Why have they delayed opening the school? 他們?yōu)槭裁囱悠陂_學(xué)？ I don’t mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. your delaying to make D. you delay to make 只要不太遲，我不介意你延期做出決定。 2) vi. 耽擱，拖延 She delayed (for) two hours and missed the train. 她耽擱兩個(gè)小時(shí)，把火車誤了。 3) n. 耽擱（的時(shí)間），延遲 ▲ without delay 迅速的，及時(shí)地（同）quickly We must leave without delay. 我們必須立即離開。 I arrived there without delay. 我順利抵達(dá)，毫無耽擱。 a delay of two hours 兩個(gè)小時(shí)的拖延 There was a delay of two hours before the plane took off. 飛機(jī)起飛推遲了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 同義速辨： delay: 推遲，延誤，指因故而延緩 postpone: 延期，延緩，指有意向后推遲 hold up: 耽擱，拖延，常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài) put off: 取消 16. persuade 說服，勸服，使某人相信 persuade sb to do sth =persuade sb into (doing) sth 說服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sth = persuade sb out of (doing) sth 說服某人不要做某事 persuade sb that = persuade sb of sth 使某人相信某事 He persuaded his daughter to change her mind. 他說服女兒改變主意。 How can we persuade him into joining us? 怎樣才能說服他加入我們的活動(dòng)呢？ Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t really want. 不要讓別人說服你去買那些你并不需要的東西。 ▲ try to persuade sb. to do / into doing sth. = advise sb. to do I tried to persuade him to give up smoking, but failed. 我試圖說服他戒煙，但失敗了。 17. make / take notes (a note) of 做筆記 The students are busy taking notes in class. take note of = take notice of注意到，理會(huì) Take note of what he says! 要注意他說的話！ He took note of the change in her appearance. 他注意到她外表的變化。 Take no notice of what others say about your way of life! (NMET2002) Marie Curie took little notice of the honours that were given to her in her later years. —Did you take ____ of the special flower in the garden? — No, I was looking at the beautiful lake then. A. notes B. a note C. a notice D). note 18. discourage vt. ①使泄氣，使灰心（反）encourage ② 阻止，勸阻（同）prevent discourage sb. from doing 打消（某人）要做……的念頭 He discouraged us from playing on the street. Her parents tried to discourage her from becoming a singer. 她的父母想勸她打消當(dāng)歌星的念頭。 encourage sb. to do He encouraged me to have a try. My adviser encouraged ____ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 19. anxious adj. ① 焦慮的；發(fā)愁的，令人焦急的（同）concerned My mother always gets a bit _______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will. A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient be anxious about 擔(dān)心，對(duì)……著急 We are anxious about his safety. ② 渴望的；急切的（同）eager, keen be anxious to do 渴望做 She was ____ to leave as soon as possible. A. hurried B. anxious C. worried D. nervous He is anxious to know the result. 他急于想知道結(jié)果。 20. practical adj. 切合實(shí)際的；實(shí)用的 Your invention is good, but not very practical. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions. A. careful B. practical C. effective D. acceptable 21. get through ① 穿過，通過The road is narrow, so a truck can’t get through (it). There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______. A. between B. through C. across D. beyond It took us a few minutes to get through the Customs. ② 使議案通過They succeeded in getting the bill through．（使法案通過）。 ③ 通過（考試）She got through the exam. 她通過了考試。 The teacher got all the pupils through without difficulty. 老師讓所有學(xué)生毫不費(fèi)力地通過了。 ④ 度過（時(shí)間）Can the patient get through this winter? ⑤（電話）接通 I couldn’t ________. The line was busy. A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through I rang you several times yesterday but couldn’t get through to you. ⑥ 干完，完成 (manage to do or complete sth.) get through with one’s work 完成工作 —The boss said we had only three days to finish the work. —Don’t worry. We have already ________ two thirds of it. A. got down B. got through C. given in D. given away Hardly could he ________ this amount of work in such a short time. A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down ⑦ 用完，花光He has got through all his pocket money． ⑧ 抵達(dá)目的地 The letters got through despite the bad weather. 盡管天氣不好，信件還是到了。 The train failed to get through in time because of the floods. ⑨（將……）講清楚 We explained once again but still couldn’t get through to him. 我們又解釋了一遍，但他仍然不懂我們的意思。 22. absorb vt. ① 吸收（水、熱、光等）（同）take in （反）give out As a colour, black absorbs more heat than red. 作為顏色，黑色比紅色更能吸熱。 absorb knowledge 吸收知識(shí) Clever children absorb knowledge easily. ② 吸引……的注意力，使全神貫注 be absorbed in (doing) sth. 全神貫注于……；專心于 be absorbed in thoughts 在沉思 = be lost in thought I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear you call. 我在專心看書，沒有聽見你叫我。 He lay on the sofa, absorbed in his book. 他躺在沙發(fā)上，全神貫注地看書。 He was so absorbed in his work and didn’t notice me come in. 他如此專心于他的工作一致于沒注意到我進(jìn)來了。 經(jīng)典考題： She was so ______ in her job that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door. A. attracted B. drawn C. absorbed D. concentrated So absorbed was he that I didn’t dare to make a sound. 他如此專心致志，以致我不敢弄出一點(diǎn)聲音。 23. attitude n. 態(tài)度，看法（同）view, opinion one’s attitude towards / to 對(duì)……的態(tài)度 Her attitude towards him was always rather cold. 她對(duì)他的態(tài)度總是相當(dāng)冷淡。 What is your attitude to this plan？ The foreign companies took a wait-and-see attitude _____ the new government. A. of B. toward C. at D. about 24. hesitate vi. 猶豫，躊躇 hesitate to do sth 對(duì)……猶豫不決 Don’t hesitate to do what you think is right. 不要猶豫去做你認(rèn)為是對(duì)的事情。 Don’t hesitate to tell me if you have any requests. 如果你有什么要求，請(qǐng)告訴我，不要猶豫。 hesitate about / at / over (doing) sth. 對(duì)……猶豫不決 He hesitates at nothing. 他從不優(yōu)柔寡斷。 I hesitated about which way to go. 我對(duì)走哪條路還猶豫不決。 She is still hesitating about/ at/ in / over sending her son to college. 她對(duì)于要不要送兒子上大學(xué)一事仍猶豫不決。 hesitation n. 猶豫 without hesitation 毫不猶豫 25. respond to 對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)；對(duì)……反應(yīng)靈敏 respond to sb / sth (with sth) respond with a smile / respond with a blow 報(bào)以一擊 She responded to my letter with a phone call. 她收到我的信，給我回了個(gè)電話。 He responded (to my suggestion) with a laugh /by laughing. 他對(duì)我的建議報(bào)之一笑。 The car responds well to the controls. 這輛汽車操縱靈敏。 The patient has not respond to treatment yet. 病人經(jīng)治療后未見起色。 Mary responded quickly to the medicine and was well in a few days. → n. response in response to 回應(yīng)/ make no response She made no response. He opened the door in response to a knock. She laughed in response to his jokes. 她聽了他的笑話大笑。 26. regardless of 不管，不顧 He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’s feelings. 他想到什么就說什么，毫不考慮別人的感受。 He went regardless of risk. 他不顧危險(xiǎn)地去了。 111