Unit 4《Films and film events》-grammar and usage學(xué)案1（牛津譯林版選修8）

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111 M8U4 Films and film events Grammar and usage學(xué)案 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) 第一部分：重點(diǎn)講解 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是用特定的方法使句子中的某個(gè)部分突出出來(lái)，以達(dá)到強(qiáng)化這個(gè)部分的目的。在英語(yǔ)中，強(qiáng)調(diào)的方法有很多，包括運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)調(diào)、單詞、短語(yǔ)以及語(yǔ)法等手段。常見的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式： 1． 增加單詞來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào) 此類單詞有：so,such,just,right,very,pretty,single,really,indeed以及反身代詞等。如： I have never seen such a lazy person in my whole life.（這么） So angry was he that he couldn’t speak. Fortunately,he was just in time for the first train in the morning.（剛好） It’s unbelievable that the woman herself could lift so heavy a box.（自己一個(gè)人） This is the very English dictionary that I have been looking for.（就是，正是） The manager was right in the office when I arrived at the company by metro (地鐵)。（正好） 2． 增加短語(yǔ)來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào) 常用的短語(yǔ)有：on earth,in the world,by no means(位于句首需用倒裝）,not…at all等。如： “What on earth are you doing now?” asked the policeman.（究竟，到底） Though we are good friends,I don’t agree with you at all this time.（根本不） I have to point out that this job can by no means be accomplished overnight.（決不） 3． 用助動(dòng)詞do,does,did來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào) 可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定陳述句或祈使句的動(dòng)詞。如： Do come early tomorrow morning,or you will be fined.（務(wù)必，一定） The new exchange student does hope to go to the evening party with us.（確實(shí)） My mother did sing well in the past because she used to be a teacher.（的確，確實(shí)） 4. 將“地點(diǎn)”提前加以強(qiáng)調(diào) On the table were some flowers. 桌上擺了一些花。 5．用強(qiáng)調(diào)句來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是It + be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that (who/whom)+原句剩余部分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是簡(jiǎn)單句中除謂語(yǔ)以外的其它成分，也可以是主從復(fù)合句中的從句。如： It was our we that/who saved my little younger sister.（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)） It was him that/whom they saw stealing yesterday in the supermarket.（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)） It is by sending e-mail that they keep in touch with each other.（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)） It was only when I reread this poem recently that I began to appreciate its beauty.（強(qiáng)調(diào)從句） 注意： （1） 強(qiáng)調(diào)句形中的it沒有實(shí)際意義，由于it處在主語(yǔ)位置，即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)。強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)用主格。如： It was Tom and Mike that /who helped us out. It is we who/that have passed the driving test. （2） 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句就是直接把動(dòng)詞置于句首；特殊疑問句就是把被強(qiáng)調(diào)的特殊疑問詞置于句首。如： Is it next week that we will hold another football match ? Who was it that taught you English ten years ago ? How was it that you managed to deal with such difficult problems ? （3） 強(qiáng)調(diào)not …until…結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，not要放在until之前。即：It is/was not until…that….如：It was not until all fish died that people realized how serious pollution was. It was not until midnight that they came back. not…until…還可以這樣強(qiáng)調(diào)： Not until all fish died did people realize how serious pollution was. Not until midnight did they come back. （4） 在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一律用that，而不用when,where,why或how等；特別要注意不能同定語(yǔ)從句等相混淆。如： Was it during World War II that he lost his devoted son. ? It was for this reason that the naughty boy got severely punished. 區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語(yǔ)從句的方法是：若將和去掉而句中不缺成分，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，說(shuō)明原句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句；若結(jié)構(gòu)不完整，則說(shuō)明原句為定語(yǔ)從句。試比較: It was on October 5,1999 that the new city was founded.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句） 那個(gè)新城市確實(shí)是于1999年10月5日成立的。 It was October 5,1999 when their first son was born.(定語(yǔ)從句) 他們第一個(gè)兒子的出生時(shí)間是1999年10月5日。 （5） 強(qiáng)調(diào)句與其它的交融使用 It was the village where I was brought up that I visited yesterday. 昨天我們參觀的是我在那長(zhǎng)大的村子。（與定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合） I can’t remember how many years ago it was that I entered the factory. 我記不清到底是多少年前進(jìn)廠的了。（與賓語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)合） When I asked him when it was that he took my dictionary,he made no answer. 我問他究竟何時(shí)拿了我的字典，他沒吱聲。（與狀語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)合） 第二部分：練習(xí) I. 單項(xiàng)填空 1. It was only when I recovered from being ill _____I began to realize how important health is to a person. A. until B. that C. then D. so 2. It was ____ 1920 _____regular radio broadcast began. A. until; that B. not until; when C. until; when D. not until; that 3. Was _____that I saw at the concert last night ? A. it you B. not you C. you D. yourself 4. It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester. A. that B. until C. since D. before 5. It was with great joy _____ he received the news _____his lost daughter had been found. A. because; that B. that; why C. which; which D. that; that 6. My teacher asked me _____ Daniel got injured in the leg. A. how was it that B. how it was that C. how it was which D. how was it which 7. It was not until she had arrived home _____ her appointment with the doctor. A. did she remember B. that she remembered C. when she remembered D. had she remembered 8. It was on the farm _____ my father used to work _____ I was born. A. that; that B. where; where C. where; that D. that; where 9._____ that she was still weak in English? A. Why it was B. Why was it C. It was why D. Was it why 10._____ that electricity plays such an important part in our daily life? A. What is it B. What does it C. Why does it D. Why is it 11._____she is not so healthy _____she used to be ? A. Why it is that; as C. Is it why that; that C. Why is it that; as D. Why is it that; that 12.---Mary !______and visit us some day. --All right . A. Do come B. Do comes C. Does come D. Did come 13. It was _____computer games that the boy took a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played 14.---Is it my age _______the boss minds. --I’m afraid not. He will consider ____necessary to have an experienced assistant. A. which; it B. that; it C. which; that D. that; that 15. Such a naughty boy _____ that nobody likes him. A. he is B. he was C. is he D. was he II. 單句改錯(cuò)（每個(gè)句子有一處錯(cuò)誤，找出并改正） 1. It was in this small village where she was born. 2. It were Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium. 3. It was September 9,1990 that the little girl was born. 4. It was for this reason why Edward quitted his job in the famous company. 5. He do work very tired after finishing the complex task by himself. 6. By no means I will give up learning English. 7. You did helped me in time of difficulty. 8. Do more careful next time if you want to get a better mark in the exam. 9. It is Mr Green who often help others when they are in trouble. 10. It is him that is to blame for the mistake. III. 完成句子 1. It is _________________(很有趣的一部電影)that I want to see it again. 2. It ____________________(直到他告訴我)that I knew the truth. 3. He________________(確實(shí)出席) the meeting the day before yesterday. 4. __________________(到底多少次)that you go to see your parents every month? 5. __________________(是在二戰(zhàn)期間)that he died. 6. It was ___________________(就是昨晚九點(diǎn))he went to the park. 7. It was twelve o’clock at midnight _____________________________(他們到達(dá)一個(gè)小村莊). 8. It was _________________（他最好的衣服)that John wore to the dance last night. 9. He _____________（真的很喜歡)the new bicycle his father gave him as a present. 10. _________________________________________(正是從20世紀(jì)90年代初) scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agriculture production without harming the environment. 第三部分：練習(xí)答案 I. 單項(xiàng)填空 1-5 BDADD 6-10 BBCBD 11-15 CABBC II. 單句改錯(cuò)（每個(gè)句子有一處錯(cuò)誤，找出并改正） 1．where---that 2.were---was 3.that---when /was后加on 4. why---that 5. do---did 6.I will----will I 7.helped---help 8.Do后加be 9． help---helps 10.him---he III. 完成句子 1.such an interestingfilm 2.was not until he told me 3.did attend 4.How many times is it 5.Was it during the Second World War 6.at nine o’clock yesterday that 7.when they arrived at a small village 8.his best suit 9.does like 10. It was from the early 1990s that 111