Unit 1《Getting along with others》Grammar and usage教案4（牛津譯林版必修5）

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111 模塊五 Unit 1 Getting Along With Others 一：翻譯下列詞組 1．想要做某事___________________ 2. 使某人做某事______________ 3.一張/片________________________ 4.遵守諾言___________________ 5. .建立在…基礎(chǔ)之上________________ 6.使成為 ___________________ 7.禁不住做某事___________________ 8. 取笑某人__________________ 9.因…而感到羞恥__________________ 10.不善______________________ 11.感到被出賣___________________ 12.肯定做了某事_______________ 13．對(duì)…感到驕傲_______________ 14.下決心做某事_______________ 15.得最低分___________________ 16.答應(yīng)（應(yīng)允）做某事____________ 17.感到內(nèi)疚____________ 18.容忍做某事__________ 19. 因?yàn)槟呈孪蚰橙说狼竉___________ 20.承認(rèn)做某事___________________ 21.在公共場(chǎng)合__________________ 22.熬夜.不睡覺(jué)____________ 23.阻止某人做某事____________ 24.事先.提前____________ 25.默默忍受____________ 26.除了之外,(還有) ____________ 27.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格____________ 28.究竟.到底____________ 29不管.無(wú)論____________ 30.毫不猶豫____________ 二：用正確的介詞填空 1.He suddenly returned ______ a rainy night. 2.My uncle lives ______ 105 Beijing street. 3.Please compare this pen _____that one .and you will find which is better. 5.If you don’t know how to do the experiment,you can ask _____your teacher’s ideas. 6.I know _____him but I don’t know him. 7.The ancient city has now turned _____a modern industrial base. 8.You can turn _____ him whenever you have difficulties. 9.I’m Chinese, and Idon’t eat _____knife or fork. 10.It’s difficult_______ women to become famous in some countries. 11.I admire her _____her courage and rich knowledge. 三、知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納 1． get (well)along / on with 與某人相處（得好） 有關(guān)get的詞組： get across傳播，為人理解 get through （電話等）接通 get away走開(kāi)；離開(kāi) get over從…中恢復(fù)；克服困難；解決問(wèn)題 get together 相聚，聚集 get back 回來(lái)；恢復(fù) get off下車；出發(fā)；動(dòng)身；下班 get on上車 get up起立 起床 get rid of 擺脫 2．betray v. betrayal n. -betrayer n. 背叛者 betray oneself 露出馬腳，暴露身份 betray one’s surprise 顯得很驚奇 3.academic adj. academy n.學(xué)院，?？茖W(xué)校 4.overlook v. overcome v.克服 overall adj.全部的 辨析overlook, neglect, ignore, overlook意為“忽略”時(shí)，指由于草率或沒(méi)有注意到而忽視某事。 neglect指沒(méi)有或很少給予必要的注意或關(guān)心,尤指因粗心或遺忘而沒(méi)有做某事； ignore指有意識(shí)地拒絕、不愿給予注意或故意不予理會(huì)； 用法區(qū)分：neglect sb./sth.，neglect to do sth/doing sth， ignore sb./sth.，但: ignore to do sth(×) 5.cheerful adj. cheer v. 使…歡呼 n. 歡呼聲 cheer up!別灰心！高興起來(lái)！振作起來(lái)！ 6.admit的用法 1） admit 作“準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入”、“允許參加”解釋。例如： ①Open the window to admit some fresh air.打開(kāi)窗子透透新鮮空氣。 ②Such people shouldn’t be admitted to the Party.這樣的人不能吸收入黨。 2） admit sth /doing sth, admit+obj+obj-complement （1）John admitted knowing little about the subject.約翰承認(rèn)是他打碎了窗子。 （2）The boy admitted that he had broken the window. 那男孩承認(rèn)是他打碎了窗子。 （3）You must admit the work to be difficult.你應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是艱巨的。 【注意】admit 后可接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但不可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，如例句（3）。 3）admit to : 承認(rèn)。 I must admit to being ashamed for what had happened. 發(fā)生這樣的事我應(yīng)承認(rèn)我感到慚愧。 7.deliberately adv. deliberate adj. 8．keep one’s word 保守諾言 有關(guān)word 的詞組 in other words 換句話說(shuō) have a word with與某人談話 receive(get/have)word得到消息 have words with sb.與某人吵架 get in a word插話 in a(one)word總之 9．forgive-forgave-forgiven v.原諒 1）.forgive的用法： forgive sb.for sth因…原諒某人. forgive sb’s sth 原諒某人某事 forgive sb’s debt免除某人債務(wù) 10．tease: laugh at teaser n.愛(ài)戲弄?jiǎng)e人的人 tease sb.嘲笑某人 tease sth.嘲笑某事 tease sb. about sth.嘲笑某人某事 12．in trouble 有麻煩，處于困難中 [拓展]“in+名詞”的詞組小結(jié) in hospital在住院 in store儲(chǔ)藏著；準(zhǔn)備著 in prison在監(jiān)獄（服刑） in general 大體上(=generally) in battle在戰(zhàn)斗中 in peace平平安安地(=peacefully) in order井然有序 in secret秘密地(=secretly) in danger在危險(xiǎn)中 in surprise驚奇地(=surprisely) in doubt 感到懷疑 in public公開(kāi)地(=publicly) in common共有 in person親自(=personally) in debt負(fù)債 in particular特別地(=particularly) in sight看得見(jiàn) in silent無(wú)聲地(=silently) 12．focus 1）n.重點(diǎn)，專注的地方；焦點(diǎn)，關(guān)注點(diǎn) 2）v.集中注意力；聚焦。后常接介詞on The focus of this chapter is the American Revolution.本章的重點(diǎn)是講美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 The beam of light moved across the sky and focused on the plane.光束在空中移動(dòng)，集中對(duì)準(zhǔn)飛機(jī)。 13．a(chǎn)s a (the) result of …由于…的原因 as a result 結(jié)果；因此 result from因…而引起 result in 導(dǎo)致 e.g. He ate some bad watermelon. As a result, he felt ill. As a result of his carelessness, he hurt himself. [提示]：as a result of接原因，as a result接結(jié)果。 [拓展]：表原因的短語(yǔ)： due to由于，因?yàn)? because of 因?yàn)? thanks to多虧；幸虧 owing to 歸因于 14．yell v.&n.吼叫，大叫 yell at sb.對(duì)某人叫喊 15．mean 1）adj. 刻薄的、卑鄙的、吝嗇的 2）v. mean to do sth 打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味著… be meant to do =be intended to do被打算用作… 16．guilty .adj. guilt [U]罪，罪行 be guilty of 犯…的罪 be guilty for\about sth.內(nèi)疚 17．stand 1）vt.忍受，忍耐，承擔(dān)，經(jīng)受（=bear，put up with）vi處于…的境地/狀態(tài). This color won’t stand washing.這種顏色不經(jīng)洗。 The door stand open。門是開(kāi)著的。 2）詞組： stand out ① 堅(jiān)持 e.g.: They stood out till victory. 他們堅(jiān)持到勝利。 ② 引人注目,脫穎而出 e.g.: Our daughter is a great dancer, she stands out above the rest. 我們的女兒是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的舞者,她從許多舞者中脫穎而出。 She stands out in the crowd, for she is two meters in height. 她在人群中顯得很突出,因?yàn)樗砀邇擅住? stand for代表，象征，意味著 3)can't help 和 can't stand ①can't help 無(wú)法控制、忍不住做某事、不能停止做某事（can't help sth./can't help doing sth./can't help oneself I can't help thinking that we've made a big help hearing what you just said. Sue doens't always mean to be so rude but sometimes she just can't help herself. ②can't stand 通常用于口語(yǔ)： 不能忍受（某人、某物、做某事）： 常用于can't stand sth./can't stand doing/can't stand to do/can't stand sb. doing sth. I can't stand whiskey. 威士忌我受不了。 I'm so mad, I hardly stand the sight of him. 我非常惱火，幾乎一看見(jiàn)他就討厭。 I can't stand to see good food going to waste. Lily can't stand working in an office. I can't stand people dropping litter. 18．a(chǎn)pologize(s)e v. apology n.歉意 apologize to sb.for sth.因某事向某人道歉 apologize to sb.for doing sth.因做某事向某人道歉 make an apology道歉 　　It is your fault. You must apologize. 這是你的過(guò)錯(cuò)，你必須道歉。 If you are late for class, you should apologize to the teacher either at the time or after class. 如果你遲到了，你要么當(dāng)時(shí)，要么課后向老師道歉。 What you have done is right. You needn't apologize to her. 你做的事情是對(duì)的，你沒(méi)有必要向她道歉。 I apologized to Mary for not coming to her birthday party last week.我因上周沒(méi)參加瑪麗的生日聚會(huì)而向她表示歉意。 　　make an apology=apologize 　　The captain made an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by the weather. 船長(zhǎng)因天氣造成的延誤向乘客表示歉意。 　　另外，apology也可同accept，refuse等詞連用，表示“接受”或“拒絕”道歉。 　　It is not good manners to refuse others' apology. 拒絕他人的道歉是沒(méi)禮貌的。 Are you going to accept his apology? 你打算接受他的道歉嗎？ 19．blame 　1）blame vt.,通常用于下面三個(gè)句型: 　?、賐lame sb. for sth. /doing sth.為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事。如: 　　Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.許多孩子害怕講英語(yǔ)時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤而受責(zé)備。 　　He blamed his teachers for his failure.他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。 　?、?blame sth. on sb.把某事歸咎于某人。如: 　　The police blamed the traffic accident on Jack's careless driving.警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。 　　It's no use blaming our defeat on him.把我們的失敗歸罪在他頭上是沒(méi)用的。 　　She blamed the failure of their marriage on him.她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于他。 　　③be to blame (for)應(yīng)(為……)承擔(dān)責(zé)任;該(為……)受責(zé)備。[注意]此處不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如: 　　The children were not to blame for the accident.那次事故怪不著孩子們。 　　He is more to blame than you.是他更應(yīng)受責(zé)備,而不是你。 　　Who is to blame for starting the fire?這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)該由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)? 　　I am in no way to blame.決不該責(zé)備我。 　2）blame用作名詞時(shí),常用于下列搭配: 　 ①accept/ bear/take the blame for sth.對(duì)某事負(fù)責(zé)任。如: You must bear the blame for the accident.你必須承擔(dān)造成這次事故的責(zé)任。 　　We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.我們?cè)笇?duì)所發(fā)生的事負(fù)責(zé)。 　　② put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.將某事歸咎于某人。如: 　　She'll put the blame on us if it turns out badly.如果結(jié)果糟糕,她將會(huì)怪罪于我們。 He is trying to lay the blame on me.他企圖把責(zé)任推給我。 練習(xí)： 1. The mother didn't know______to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what 2. I feel it is your husband who______for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 　　(答案為: A A) 20．Doubt 一．doubt用作動(dòng)詞 1. doubt+名詞或代詞。 例如：I doubt his word. 我懷疑他的話。 They doubted him before. 他們以前曾經(jīng)懷疑過(guò)他。 2. doubt+賓語(yǔ)從句 （1）在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中，doubt后面接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如： I don’t doubt that he can finish the task on time. 我相信他能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。 Do you doubt that she will succeed? 你懷疑她會(huì)成功嗎？ （2）在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如： I doubt whether they can swim across the river. 我懷疑他們能否游過(guò)河去。 He doubts if she will keep her word. 他不敢肯定她是否會(huì)遵守諾言。 二、doubt用作名詞 1. doubt常與about/of/as to/on等介詞連用。例如： There is no doubt about it. 此事無(wú)可懷疑。 I have no doubt of his ability. 對(duì)于他的能力我毫不懷疑。 She has her doubts as to this being true. 她懷疑這事是否真實(shí)。 No one has any doubt on this point. 這一點(diǎn)沒(méi)有人會(huì)懷疑。 2. doubt后面接同位語(yǔ)從句 （1）doubt用在否定句中，后面接that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。例如： I have no doubt that he will succeed. 我相信他會(huì)成功的。 （2）doubt用在肯定句中，后面接whether引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。注意不可以用if替換whether。例如： He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try. 他不能肯定他們是否會(huì)再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)試一試。 There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match. 他們的足球隊(duì)會(huì)不會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不能肯定。 3. 由doubt組成的一些短語(yǔ) （1）in doubt懷疑；拿不定主意。例如： We are in doubt(about) what to do next. 我們不知道下一步要做什么。 When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult the dictionary. 當(dāng)你對(duì)一個(gè)詞的意義沒(méi)有把握時(shí)，就查一下詞典。 （2）no/without/beyond doubt無(wú)疑地；必定；當(dāng)然。例如： It is no doubt difficult. 這無(wú)疑是困難的。 No doubt he didn”t mean to hurt you. 他肯定不是有意傷害你的。 Without doubt this is the best. 無(wú)可置疑，這是最好的。 Beyond doubt he will give you some advice on your study. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他會(huì)給你的學(xué)習(xí)作一些指導(dǎo)的。 （3）make no doubt of 對(duì)……毫不懷疑。例如： We make no doubt of his sincerity. 我們對(duì)他的誠(chéng)意毫不懷疑。 She made no doubt of what he had said. 她對(duì)他所說(shuō)的話毫不懷疑。 （4）throw/cast doubt on使人對(duì)……產(chǎn)生懷疑。例如： Galileo’s experiments threw doubt on Aristotle”s theory of falling objects. 伽利略的實(shí)驗(yàn)使人們對(duì)亞里士多德的落體理論產(chǎn)生了懷疑。 What he had done cast doubt on his honesty. 他的所作所為使人們對(duì)他的誠(chéng)實(shí)產(chǎn)生了懷疑 21.embarrass vt.使尷尬；使為難 embarrassment[U]為難，難堪；[C]令人為難的事 embarrassed adj.感到尷尬 be embarrassed about sth. embarrassing adj.令人尷尬的 22.gift n.禮物；天分 gifted adj.有天賦的；聰穎的 have a gift /talent for 在…方面有天賦 23．strength n.力氣，力量；實(shí)力 strong adj. strengthen v.加強(qiáng)，鞏固 long length deep depth 24.anxiety n.焦慮，憂慮；渴望，熱望 anxious adj.焦慮的，令人焦慮的 短語(yǔ)：be anxious about/for sb./sth.擔(dān)心、憂慮某人=be worried about cause sb’s anxiety 使某人非常不安 remove sb’s anxiety消除某人的不安 with great anxiety憂心忡忡地，十分焦慮地 25．suffer vt.遭受，蒙受，經(jīng)歷；vi.受痛苦，受損失，患??；n.受害者，受難者 Suffer(loss, pain, punishment, defeat, hardship, hunger…)遭受（損失，痛苦，懲罰，失敗，困苦，饑餓…） suffer from heart disease 患心力衰竭 suffer from floods 遭受水災(zāi) sufferable 可忍受的 suffering n. 受苦，遭難 e.g.:The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake.這個(gè)城市因地震而遭受嚴(yán)重破壞。 26．get through 1) 做完，結(jié)束We wish to get through the thing quickly.我們期望趕快把這件事做完. 2）通過(guò)（考試）They have all got through the exam.考試他們?nèi)ㄟ^(guò)了。 3）看完，度過(guò)，用完I must get through the book before Saturday .我必須在星期六之前看完這本書(shū)。 4）（電話）接通I can’t get through to him. 給他打電話打不通。 27. absorb vt. absorption n.專心 ① 吸收(液體,氣體,光,聲等) Cotton gloves absorb sweat.棉手套吸汗。 ②汲取,理解(知識(shí)等) So many good ideas! It's too much for me to absorb all at once. 這么多好主意!太多了,很難一下完全吸收。 ③使全神貫注;吸引(注意等) [(+in/by)] The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.老人全神貫注地讀這本書(shū)。 [習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)]： be absorbed by被...吞并, 為...所吸收 be absorbed in全神貫注在..., 一心從事, 熱衷于 absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意 [拓展]： absorption [absorption (by/in sth) 全神貫注 專心 吸收 His work suffered because of his total absorption in sport. absorbable adj易被吸收的 absorbing adj.十分吸引人的 e.g.:an absorbing film absorbed adj 精神集中的 e.g.:absorbed in her book 埋頭讀書(shū) 28.hesitate vi. 躊躇；猶豫；遲疑 I succeeded because I willed it; I never hesitated. ---- Napoleon 我成功是因?yàn)槲矣袥Q心，從不躊躇。 ---- 拿破侖 常見(jiàn)搭配： hesitate to do sth. 不愿做某事 hesitate in(doing) sth. 在…方面猶豫 hesitate about doing sth. 關(guān)于…猶豫不決 hesitate what to do 猶豫著不知做什么 [拓展]： hesitation n.躊躇 hesitating adj.令人猶豫的 hesitatingly adv.猶豫地，不大情愿地 29．respond vi.回答，答復(fù)；響應(yīng)，反應(yīng) response n.回應(yīng)，反應(yīng) responsible adj. 有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)的 respond to 響應(yīng)，回答，對(duì)…作出反應(yīng) respond with a smile 以微笑作為回答 in response to 作為對(duì)…的反應(yīng) make a quick response to 對(duì)…作出很快的反應(yīng) be responsible for 對(duì)…負(fù)責(zé) e.g.1）Tom responded well to the new course of drugs and was well in a few days. 湯姆對(duì)新的療程反應(yīng)良好，幾天就好了。 2) Children will respond to kindness but not to cruelty. 對(duì)孩子好他們才聽(tīng)話，靠虐待是不行的。 3)The horse responded to his control. 這匹馬很聽(tīng)從他的指揮。 4)In response to your inquiries, we regret to inform you that we cannot help you in this matter. 對(duì)于您的問(wèn)題，我們很遺憾地通知您我們對(duì)此無(wú)能為力。 111