初一英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)講解.doc

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課時(shí)一：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法： 1,表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵鬧。我正在寫(xiě)作文。 Let's set off. It isn’t raining now. 咱們出發(fā)吧?，F(xiàn)在不下雨了。 這類(lèi)情況常與now現(xiàn)在，at the present現(xiàn)在，at the moment現(xiàn)在，today今天，this week這個(gè)星期，this year今年等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。有時(shí)通過(guò)上下文可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時(shí)態(tài)，如： It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 現(xiàn)在是下午四點(diǎn)。孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球。 Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快點(diǎn)！我們大家都等著你。 Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看！他們?cè)谀沁叺臉?shù)底下看書(shū)。 Listen! She is singing in the room. 聽(tīng)！她在房間里唱歌。 Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凱特在哪里？她在房間里看書(shū)。 Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 為什么哭呢？有什么不對(duì)？ 2,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 We are working in a factory these days. 這幾天我們?cè)谝患夜S(chǎng)工作。 They are compiling a dictionary. 他們?cè)诰幰槐驹~典。 這類(lèi)情況常與today今天，this week這個(gè)星期，this evening今天晚上，these days現(xiàn)在、目前等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 3,在口語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)計(jì)劃將要作的動(dòng)作。 They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約。 Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎？ 這類(lèi)情況常與come來(lái)，go去， leave離開(kāi)，depart離開(kāi)，arrive到達(dá)，stay逗留，start開(kāi)始等動(dòng)詞連用。所用的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài)，主語(yǔ)必須是人。 4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩。 He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜歡跟別人吵架。 She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著。 The boy is forever asking questions. 那個(gè)男孩老是問(wèn)問(wèn)題。 這類(lèi)情況常與always總是，usually通常，continually不斷的，constantly經(jīng)常的，forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用。 5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問(wèn)者的關(guān)切心情。 How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today?）你今天感覺(jué)如何？ I am looking （look）forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來(lái)。 Why are you looking（do you look）so sad? 為什么你看起來(lái)這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？ 6,有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外，一般不和其他時(shí)間副詞連用的。 Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來(lái)越有趣了。 The leaves are turning red. 樹(shù)葉漸漸地變紅了。 The war is ending. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)接近尾聲了。 Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一會(huì)兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了。 適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有：bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成，begin開(kāi)始，forget忘記，remember記得，die死，finish完成，find發(fā)現(xiàn)，rise增強(qiáng)等. 7,“be”動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)?！癰e”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。 He is being foolish. 他在裝傻。 He is being honest. 他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí)。 She is being rude. 她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯。 I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私。 適合于此種用法的有：foolish愚蠢的，nice好的，kind好心的，careful細(xì)心的，patient耐心的，lazy懶惰的，silly傻的，rude粗魯?shù)?，polite禮貌的，impolite無(wú)禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞。（“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示人的行為，純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動(dòng)時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是人時(shí)，“be”動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）如： I am happy.（表語(yǔ)是純粹的心理狀態(tài)，不可用am being） 我很快樂(lè)。 He's tired.（表語(yǔ)是純粹的生理狀態(tài)，不可用is being） 他很疲倦。 It's hot today.（主語(yǔ)不是人，不可用is being） 今天很熱。 常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 用法實(shí)例： (1)當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí)，常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。 (2)以look, listen開(kāi)頭的句子，提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行，這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Listen！She is singing an English song.聽(tīng)，她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌。 (3)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。 (4)描述圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作，也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如： Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖，那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。 一般結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句式：主語(yǔ)+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它. 否定句式：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Be(am, is, are) +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ 特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+be(am, is, are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？ 對(duì)一般疑問(wèn)句作答，肯定回答：yes,主語(yǔ)+be,否定回答：no,主語(yǔ)+be not 對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。 Eg：They are working these days. He is buying a bike. They aren’t working these days. He isn’t buying a bike. Are they working these days? Is he buying a bike? What are they doing these days? What is he doing ? 現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有 1、一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ing Jump——jumping go——going play——playing 2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e，再加-ing. Take——takeing leave——leaving write——writing have——having 3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，它前面是單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫(xiě)，再加上-ing. Cut—cutting put—putting stop—stopping fit—fitting begin—beginning forget—forgetting 4.以ie結(jié)尾的詞，將ie變?yōu)閥再加ing Lie—lying 練習(xí)： 1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework. A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping 2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room. A .Who B .How C.What D.Where 3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____. A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep 4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him. A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes 5 、–When_____he_____back? – Sorry, I don’t know. A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming 6、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed. 7、 What____he _____(mend)? 8、 We _____(play)games now. 9、 What ____you____(do) thesse days? 10、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom? 11、 Who____(sing)in the next room? 12、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today. 注意： 常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：丟掉be動(dòng)詞或忘記把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞 例：1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park. 2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now. 答案：1 are flying 2 isn’t reading 解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為: “be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”。這一點(diǎn)必須牢記。 對(duì)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問(wèn)時(shí)丟掉doing 例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(對(duì)劃線(xiàn)部分提問(wèn)) What are the students in the room?（錯(cuò)） 答案：What are the students doing in the room? 解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中對(duì)動(dòng)作提問(wèn)可記住此句式“What +be +主語(yǔ)+doing+其它?” 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的選擇疑問(wèn)句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式 例：孩子們?cè)谂苓€是在跳？ Are the children running or jump?（錯(cuò)） 答案：Are the children running or jumping? 解析: or連接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，動(dòng)詞形式須一致。 課時(shí)二 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 一 . 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成： 1. 由助動(dòng)詞“ shall/ will ＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成， shall 用于第一人稱(chēng)， will 用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)，而美式英語(yǔ)在陳述句中無(wú)論什么人稱(chēng)，一律用 will 。 2. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的否定和疑問(wèn)形式： 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的否定形式是 will not ，縮寫(xiě)為 won't; shall not ，縮寫(xiě)為 shan't 。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的疑問(wèn)形式是把 will/ shall 提到主語(yǔ)前。如： He won’t go to the park this Sunday. 本周日他不去公園。 Will you go swimming with me? 和我一起去游泳好嗎？ 二 . 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本用法： 1. 表示“純粹的將來(lái)”： ①表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，常帶有表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如 tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on 等。如： It will be fine tomorrow. 明天天氣晴朗。 ②表示預(yù)料將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。如： You will feel better after having this medicine. 吃了這藥，你就會(huì)感覺(jué)好些的。 ③表示由于習(xí)慣傾向而會(huì)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，本用法中的 will 要重讀。如： Boys will be boys. 〔諺語(yǔ)〕男孩畢竟是男孩。 2. 表示“帶有情態(tài)意義的將來(lái)”，用來(lái)表示意圖，用 will 來(lái)表示。如： I will be more careful next time. 下次我要更加小心。 I won't go shopping this afternoon, but she will.今天下午我不想去購(gòu)物，但她想去。 will 在疑問(wèn)句中，用來(lái)表示有禮貌地征詢(xún)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。如： Will you have some more tea? 要不要再喝點(diǎn)茶？ What shall we do this weekend? 本周末我們要干什么？ 三 . 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其它幾種表示法： 1. 用 be going to 表示： be going to 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，與其后的動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)，表示近期將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如： I'm going to see a film this afternoon. 今天下午我想去看電影。 ①“ be going to ＋動(dòng)詞原形”表示主觀上打算在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要做某事。如： Her mother is going to buy her a new bike. 她媽媽要給她買(mǎi)輛新自行車(chē)。 ②“ be going to ＋動(dòng)詞原形”還可以表示說(shuō)話(huà)人根據(jù)已有的跡象認(rèn)為將要發(fā)生的事。如： It's going to rain. 快要下雨了。 2. 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)意義 句中的動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，但所表示的意義卻是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如： Are you free tomorrow? ＝ Are you going to be free tomorrow? 你明天有空嗎？ 在時(shí)間 / 條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句習(xí)慣上用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的意義。如： Please tell him to go when he comes. 他來(lái)時(shí)，就讓他去。 be going to與will的區(qū)別 be going to與will兩者都可表示將要發(fā)生的事、將要去做某事，但它們有如下幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別： 1. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來(lái)時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些，如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來(lái)肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來(lái)勢(shì)必發(fā)生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to含有“計(jì)劃，準(zhǔn)備”的意思，而will則沒(méi)有這個(gè)意思，如： She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts come at you, I'll stay with you and help you will和be?going?to的選用原則? 1.?關(guān)于“打算” 原先作好的打算用“be?going?to”。 “Kate?is?in?hospital.”?“Yes,?I?know.?I?am?going?to?see?her?this afternoon.” “凱特在住院?！薄笆堑模抑?。我下午要去看她。” 說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)即時(shí)的打算用“will”。 “Kate?is?in?hospital.”?“Oh,?really,?I?didn’t?know.?I?will?go?and?see?her?at?once.” “凱特在住院?！薄芭?，是嗎？我都不知道呢。我得馬上去看她?！? 2.?關(guān)于“預(yù)料” 在有跡象表明的情況下的預(yù)料用“be?going?to” Look?at?the?clouds.?It’s?going?to?rain. 你看天上的云?？煜掠炅恕? My?God!?We?are?going?to?crash. 天哪！我們快撞車(chē)了。 在沒(méi)有跡象表明的情況下進(jìn)行的猜測(cè)用“will，be?going?to”皆可。 I?think?the?weather?will?be?nice. I?think?the?weather?is?going?to?be?nice. 我想天會(huì)晴朗。 Do?you?think?the?car?will?start? Do?you?think?the?car?is?going?to?start? 你想車(chē)能發(fā)動(dòng)起來(lái)嗎？ 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞表示內(nèi)心活動(dòng)時(shí)，表示猜測(cè)的句子必須用“will” I?think?she?will?like?the?cake?I?made?for?her. 我想她會(huì)喜歡我為她做的蛋糕。 "be going to"中的be是助動(dòng)詞，它有am, is, are三種形式，沒(méi)有什么實(shí)際意義；to是動(dòng)詞不定式的標(biāo)志詞，標(biāo)志詞后動(dòng)詞用原形。它們?nèi)齻€(gè)總是形影不離，在句中共同表達(dá)"計(jì)劃、打算、準(zhǔn)備去做……"的意思。如： I am going to sell this old car, and buy a new one. 我打算賣(mài)掉這輛舊車(chē)，然后買(mǎi)輛新車(chē)。 用法篇 "be going to"必須與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間信息詞如this afternoon, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow以及next系列時(shí)間短語(yǔ)等連用。它可表示： 1.事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、安排近期要做的事情。如： They are going to the park this weekend. 他們打算這周末去公園。 2.根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷某事非常有可能發(fā)生。如： What bad weather! It is going to snow tomorrow. 多糟的天氣！看來(lái)明天要下雪。 另外 1. "be going to"的肯定式是"主語(yǔ) + be going to + do(動(dòng)詞原形) + ..."。上面的例句中就有肯定句，再仔細(xì)看看吧! 2. "be going to"的否定式是在助動(dòng)詞be后加not，即：主語(yǔ) + be + not + going to + do +... 如： Peter is not going to make a model ship. 彼得不打算做一個(gè)輪船模型。 3. "be going to"的疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞be移到句首，即：Be+主語(yǔ)+going to do+...？這和be作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞時(shí)的用法相似。如： Are you going to mend his chair soon? Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 你打算馬上給他修椅子嗎？是的，馬上修。/不，沒(méi)這個(gè)想法。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)強(qiáng)化鞏固習(xí)題 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 ( ) 1. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 2. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 3. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 4. ________ you ________ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be ( ) 5. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be ( ) 6. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go ( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing ( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go ( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match. A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch ( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be ( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have ( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be ( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be ( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows ( ) 25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? –________ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you won’t. ( ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is ( ) 27. ________ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you ( ) 28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we? – OK. I ________. A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming ( ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well. A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend ( ) 30. The train ________ at 11. A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving 二、動(dòng)詞填空。 1. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you. 2. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes. 3. Most of us don’t think their team ______（win）. 三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. China is a modern and strong country.（in twenty years） 2. Do you study hard?（from now on） 3. She didn’t speak English at the meeting.（before long） The keys: 一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5.C 6. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 二、動(dòng)詞填空。 1. will be 2. won’t believe ; sees 3. will win 三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1. China will be a modern and strong country in twenty years. 2. Will you study hard from now on? 3. She won’t speak English at the meeting before long. 課時(shí)三：“There be句型 There be 句型 1. 定義：There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：(1) There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ). ??????? (2) There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ). ???????? there是引導(dǎo)詞，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)（某人或某物）的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。 eg.? ① There is a bird in the tree.?? 樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)。 ??? ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.? 我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。 ??? ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹(shù)下有兩個(gè)男孩，一個(gè)女孩。 1）.There be句型與have的區(qū)別 　　首先，從含義上說(shuō)，There be表達(dá)的是“某地有某物”。 　　如，There is a tree in front of the house。房子前有一棵樹(shù)。 　　而have講的是“某人/某物擁有……”即指出的是賓語(yǔ)的所有者。 　　如：I have an interesting book。我有一本有趣的書(shū)。 　　The chair has three legs。這把椅子有三條腿。 　　其次，從直觀上對(duì)比不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般There be句型直接置于句首，而have前面要有主語(yǔ)。這是因?yàn)門(mén)here be句型是一個(gè)倒裝句型，主語(yǔ)在be動(dòng)詞后?！　? 2.）There be句型的就近原則 　　There be句型的就近原則也是主謂一致語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)。There be句型中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由后面挨近的一項(xiàng)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 　　如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk。 　　在本句中盡管有鋼筆、書(shū)和鉛筆，但是由于離be動(dòng)詞最近的一項(xiàng)是單數(shù)a pen，因此，be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)is。 　　 3）.There be句型的否定和疑問(wèn) 　　There be句型的疑問(wèn)句是把題目中具體的be動(dòng)詞形式提前，否定是在be動(dòng)詞后加not。但是一般后面的名詞前有a或any，那么此時(shí)not any或not a可以轉(zhuǎn)化為no。 　　如：There isn’t a book in the bag.=There is no book in the bag。 　　關(guān)于There be句型的反意疑問(wèn)句需要特殊說(shuō)明的是，后面的疑問(wèn)部分要用使用句型原貌，不能將there改成it或其他代詞。 　　如：There was a meeting yesterday, wasn’t there?不能寫(xiě)成wasn’t it。 4）.There be句型的時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和就近原則分別為： 　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)There is/are 　　一般過(guò)去時(shí)There was/were 　　一般將來(lái)時(shí)There is going to be/There will be 　　還有There used to be；There must/may/can be等形式。其中，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的形式在初中考試中常出現(xiàn)。 　　如：There _____ a basketball match tomorrow。 　　A.is going to have　　B.are going to have　　C.is going to be　D.are going to be 　　由于就近原則我們當(dāng)然選單數(shù)，排除B、D，由于題目橫線(xiàn)前已表明There，所以選C。 5.）There be句型中的動(dòng)詞 　　There be句型中的動(dòng)詞根據(jù)需要，有時(shí)可以用lie/stand/live/enter/happen/remain/seem to be等代替be動(dòng)詞。如： 　　There stands a tree in front of the house。 　　Long long ago,There lived an old man. He was very poor。 　　6.There is+no+名詞……句型 　　如：There is no need to tell him the news. He has known it。 　　常用句型有There is no need to do something。做某事沒(méi)有必要。 　　There is no sense in doing something。做某事沒(méi)有意義。 There is no point in doing something。做某事沒(méi)有意義或沒(méi)用。 一.選擇填空 ( )1.--Again, my computer does't work. --＿＿ must be something wrong with the CPU A.There B.That C.It D.This ( )2.There ＿＿ some milk ,some eggs and a few apples on the table. A.is B.are C.has D.have ( )3.there are so many green trees on ＿＿ sides of the street . A.either B.each C.both D.neither ( )4.there ＿＿ anything new in today's newspaper . A.is B.are C.isn't D.aren't ( )5.＿＿ there ＿＿books on the shelf ？ A.are﹔a B.is ﹔a C.have ﹔some D.are﹔any ( )6.there ＿＿ many elephants in Africa. A.is B.has C.are D.have ( )7.--is there a hotel near here？ --＿＿. A.yes.please B.not at all C.sorry,i don't know D.here you are ( )8.are there any ＿＿on the table？ A.meat B.cheese C.tomatoes D.papper ( )9.--where is my wallet ？ --there ＿＿ a black ＿＿ on the floor. A.is﹔it B.are﹔ones C.is﹔one D.are﹔one ( )10.there's ＿＿ eraser on ＿＿ desk. A. an﹔the B.the﹔a C.the﹔the D.an﹔/ 二. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.there are many ＿＿ (mouse) in the old house. 2.there ＿＿(be) an airport in Suqian some day﹐I hope 3.there ＿＿(be) four buildings built already in our school. 4.there ＿＿(be)hardly any juice left。 三.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成下列句子。 ⒈看！天空中有奇怪的東西。 Look?。撸? ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿in Sky. ⒉沒(méi)有水，地球上就沒(méi)有生命。 Without water, ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿＿no lift on eath. ⒊冰箱里有多少冰激凌？ ＿＿ ＿＿ice cream ＿＿ ＿＿ in the fridge？ ⒋黑板在我的課桌前面。 ＿＿ ＿＿ a blackboard in front of my desk. ⒌一些老師在操場(chǎng)上。 ＿＿ ＿＿ some teachers on the playground . 四。改錯(cuò) ( )1.there are(a) a pen and(b) two books on(c) the(d) desk. ＿＿＿ ( )2.there stand(a) a factory(b) by(c) the river(d) ＿＿＿ ( )3.there(a) is(b) a girl swim(c) in the lake(d) ＿＿＿ ( )4.there is(a) little(b) coffee in the(c) fridge ,isn't it(d) ＿＿＿ ( )5.there(a) weren't (b) any(c) meet in the fridge yesterday(d) ＿＿＿ ( )6.--is(a) there a(b) post office near hear？ --yes﹐there(c) are(d) ＿＿＿ ( )7.there(a) should have(b) something wrong(c) with(d) the machine. ＿＿＿ ( )8.there will(a) have(b) a meeting(c) in the afternoon(d) ＿＿＿ ( )9.are(a) they(b) any(c) paper on the desk(d) ＿＿＿ ( )10.there(a) aren't(b) any tigers in the zoo ,is(c) there(d) ＿＿＿ 答案： 一. 1.A“there is something wrong with”意為“……有些問(wèn)題”。 2.A 根據(jù)英語(yǔ)主謂一致中的就近原則，應(yīng)用is，因?yàn)閙ilk是不可數(shù)名詞。 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.C 9.C 10.A 二. 1-4 mice, will be,has been,is. 三. 1-5 1.there is something strange 2.there can be 3.how much,is there 4.there is 5.there are 四.1.a are-is 2.a stand-stands 3.c swim-swimming 4.d it-there 5.b weren't-wasn't 6.d are-is 7.b have-be 8.b have-be 9.a are-is 10.c is-are 課時(shí)四： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 1.定義：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),這種動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。 2.結(jié)構(gòu)： 如果動(dòng)詞是Be動(dòng)詞（was/were）,構(gòu)成主系表的結(jié)構(gòu)。 即：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞（was/were）+ 表語(yǔ) She was a teacher last year, but now she is a housewife. They were late for school yesterday. 如果動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或除be動(dòng)詞以外的其它連系動(dòng)詞，需要將句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)如下 即：主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（過(guò)去時(shí)）+ 賓語(yǔ) We lived in Chongqing last year. I got up late, so I missed the first bus. He fell asleep just now. He left for Shanghai an hour ago. 3.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成： （1）規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成： 規(guī)則/類(lèi)別 動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 一般情況加-ed help, look, work, talk helped, looked, worked, talked helped, looked, worked, talked 詞尾為不發(fā)音的字母-e時(shí)，直接加-d like, live, love, move liked, lived, loved, moved liked, lived, loved, moved 詞尾為“輔音字母+y”時(shí)，變y為i，再加-ed try study cry tried, studied, cried tried, studied, cried 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母后加-ed plan, stop . nod , chat planned, stopped . nodded chatted planned, stopped . nodded chatted 特別提示： 1. 在清輔音后讀／t ／ 如：helped stopped 2. 在元音或輔音后讀／d ／ 如： stayed agreed 3. 在輔音／t ／，／d ／后讀／id／ 如： wan