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外文翻譯
專 業(yè) 名 稱 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化
班 級 學(xué) 號 078105315
學(xué) 生 姓 名 劉翔
指 導(dǎo) 教 師 陳 為 國
填 表 日 期 2011 年 1 月 16 日
編號：
畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）資料袋
題目名稱
螺母盒零件沖壓工藝和沖模設(shè)計
學(xué)生姓名
劉翔
學(xué)號
078105315
專業(yè)
機械設(shè)計制造及其制動化
系別
航空工程系
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
陳為國
職稱
教授
序號
資料名稱
袋內(nèi)有者劃√
序號
資料名稱
袋內(nèi)有者劃
√
1
任務(wù)書
√
9
指導(dǎo)教師評分表
（或存系部）
2
開題報告
√
10
評閱人評分表
（或存系部）
3
學(xué)士學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明
√
11
成績評定表
（或存系部）
4
說明書或論文
√
其 它
5
譯文（含原稿）
√
1
6
附 圖
8 張
2
7
電子文檔
（或存系部）
√
3
8
畢業(yè)設(shè)計進度
登記表
（或存系部）
√
4
綜合評定成績
指導(dǎo)教師（簽字）： 歸檔責(zé)任人（簽字）：
20 年 月 日
學(xué)士學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明
本人聲明，所呈交的論文是本人在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨立完成的研究成果。除了文中特別加以標注引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文不包含法律意義上已屬于他人的任何形式的研究成果,也不包含本人已用于其他學(xué)位申請的論文或成果。對本文的研究作出重要貢獻的個人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式表明。本人完全意識到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔。
作者簽名： 日期：
學(xué)位論文版權(quán)使用授權(quán)書
本學(xué)位論文作者完全了解學(xué)校有關(guān)保留、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)南昌航空大學(xué)科技學(xué)院可以將本論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進行檢索，可以采用影印、縮印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。
作者簽名： 日期：
導(dǎo)師簽名： 日期：
螺母盒零件沖壓工藝與沖模設(shè)計
學(xué)生姓名：劉翔 班級：0781053
指導(dǎo)老師：陳為國
摘要：沖壓生產(chǎn)靠模具與設(shè)備完成加工過程，所以它的生產(chǎn)率高，而且由于操作簡便，也便于實現(xiàn)機械化和自動化。
沖壓產(chǎn)品的尺寸精度是由模具保證的，所以質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，一般不需再經(jīng)過機械加工便可使用。
沖壓加工一般不需要加熱毛坯，也不像切割加工那樣大量切削材料，所以它不但節(jié)能，而且節(jié)約材料。沖壓產(chǎn)品的表面質(zhì)量較好，使用的原材料是冶金工廠大量生產(chǎn)的軋制板料或帶料，在沖壓過程中材料表面不受破壞。
因此，沖壓工藝是一種產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量較好而且成本低的加工工藝。用它生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品一般還具有重量輕且剛性好的特點。
關(guān)鍵詞：沖壓模具 沖壓工藝 模具設(shè)計
指導(dǎo)老師簽名：
Nut box parts stamping process and die design
Student name:Liu xiang Class: 0781053
Supervisor:Chen wei guo
Abstrct: Blunt press to produce to be processed process by molding tool and equipments completion, so it of rate of production Gao, and because of operation simple, also easy to realization mechanization and automation.
Blunt press the size accuracy of product is promise by the molding tool of, so quality stable, generally doing not need to through machine process again then can use.
Blunt press to process generally don't need to heat semi-finished product, also be unlike to incise to process to so and in great quantities slice to pare material, so it not only economizes on energy, but also economize material.Blunt press the surface quality of product better, the original material of usage is a metallurgy factory mass production of the Ya system plank anticipate or take to anticipate and the material surface is free from breakage in bluntly ran over the distance.
Therefore, it ising blunt to press a craft be a kind of product quality better and the cost lowly process a craft.Use the product that it produce generally still has the weight light and rigid and good characteristics.
Keywords: Stamping die; Stamping process ；Mould design.
Signature of supervisor:
外文資料翻譯
原文：
Mechanical Technology in the rubber industry outlined in the application
In the development of human society is the modern process. Rubber Industries is an indispensable Economy, Trade and Industry. In the rubber industry in the development of rubber technology and rubber machinery (or electromechanical) to the progress and development of technology played an important role in promoting this. The development of rubber industry, rubber and rubber machinery industry technology constitutes of technical rubber products all the technical process and industrial technology system. In 1820 by the British made the human-driven single-roller rubber mixing machine. 1826 twin-roll Drum open rubber mixing machine into production beginning of the human rubber machinery production prelude. So far, human society has been the application of rubber machinery 180 years of history.
Since 1839. A series of rubber machinery and equipment will come out, in addition to the application of vulcanized rubber vulcanization facilities, and other rubber machinery, such as plunger hose extrusion machine (1858), screw extruder (1879), rubber rolling mill (1843 ~ 1900), Closed rubber mixing machine (1916) rubber machinery and equipment. At that time, has spent the rubber industry production process, the promotion of the development of rubber industry has played a facilitating role.
1904, lead oxide, magnesium oxide, such as the discovery of inorganic curing agent, in particular 1919 organic to fide D, the discovery and use of M, and further promote the improvement of production efficiency has greatly improved the performance of the use of rubber products, expanded use. 1920 accession the carbon black to rubber, makes rubber products would be an overall improvement in performance and improvement. Therefore, the application of carbon black in rubber is improve the industry and promoting the progress and all-round development. In the early 20th century and the middle of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, Germany, France and other countries, has invented a synthetic rubber industrial technologies, and the establishment of a series of synthetic rubber production equipment and factories. Coupled with the region's natural rubber production of large-scale resources for the mankind modern rubber industry opened up the comprehensive development of the material resource base.
Is a highly flexible rubber typical materials, its physical properties are very complicated. Most of the processing of rubber molding process are similar to the melt flow and deformation process, but also in the processing of rubber products, the Health and plastic to go through plastic necklace, mixing, pressure-type, shape, curing process procedures, in order to become products. In the modern chemical products, such as rubber, plastics, paints, fibers, lubricants, ceramics, and other similar material production and engineering applications, the complexity of its mechanical properties. Purely based on the elasticity, viscosity or plasticity theory can not meet these materials processing requirements of the deformation process. So based on the nature of the complex mechanics of the research topic - theological theory will be referred to the new human research subjects on the agenda. 1928, the United States set up the "Evolution Society", 1940, the British set up the theological Club (later renamed the Institute of Evolution). In addition, the Netherlands, West Germany, France, Japan and other countries have also set up a corresponding flow Institute. 1948 convene the International Society of Theology. In 1953 the establishment of the International Association of theology is hold. Since then one involving applied mathematics, physics, elasticity, the material mechanics, fluid mechanics, geology, engineering and other subjects on the verge of disciplines - have emerged theology, and gradually has been extensively applied. Theology not only in the rubber, plastics, coatings, printing, Portland, foodstuffs, and other industrial production has been extensively applied, but also to infrastructure, machinery, transport, irrigation, chemical industry and many other industrial sectors: involves many substances from solid to liquid processes. Theology made in the rubber industry. Widely used in the processing of rubber molding products research and application. Such as rubber mixing、rolling、extrusion、injection molding and other processes. Because of its macromolecular polymer chain structure and movement characteristics of the physical state gathered on showing four kinds of physical state: a crystalline and non-crystalline 3 crystalline (glass state, high-elastic state, viscous flow state).Rubber in normal circumstances is the use of high-elastic state. In the course of processing molding viscous flow state, in the vulcanized only basic treatment before losing mobility, and a high flexibility based elastic material.
Because of the late 19th century and early 20th century, the theory of rubber is exploration and the principles of the invention. Especially theology and application of the theoretical study of the development of rubber industry makes, whether in the filler, vulcanization accelerator, or in the process principle aspects have undergone profound changes. On the development of the rubber industry is a qualitative change. At the same time, all kinds of rubber machinery also made great progress and development. At that time, not only the names many rubber machinery, and its structure, specifications, varieties, and so had been reached a certain level of the scale, fine, and the degree of automation and linkage. If rubber mechanical transmission power to hundreds of to thousands of kilowatts stem watts, which weight machines to a few hundred tons. Rubber products in the process of production plastic necklace, mixing, rolling, extrusion, molding, in the process of curing six have a complete matching of mechanical devices.
Compound rubber machinery industry is one of the basic equipment. At present production machinery to open dozens of rubber mixing. Health glue used plastic necklace, plastic material mixing; pressed for the compression machine for plastic, decorticating machine compound mainly used for preheating and plastic; crusher for crushing such as natural rubber, remove plastic washing machine for Health and plastic waste compound impurities; mill mainly used for waste plastic block grinding; refining machine used to remove the hard plastic renewable impurities; reclaimed rubber mixing machine, mainly for the reclaimed rubber pinch; breathing machine for plastic pressure breathing Film compression; crepe-pressure machine, mainly for crepe-compression; experimental rubber mixing machine, the main compound used in a small number of experiments, etc. .
Rubber rolling mill, which is rubber products processing in the process of one of the basic equipment. Since 1843 three-roll calendar application, we have 160 years of development history. From the modern to modern specifications and various new calendar will continue to emerge, its specifications, speed, semi product of high accuracy, a high degree of automation machinery, the machinery has become the modern calendar of the main structural features. At present production largest calendar has reached more than φ1055 × 3000 (mm), roller line speed of up to 120(m / min) above, the semi-finished calendar has reached its thickness error within ± 0.0025 (mm). And achieve full electronic control of the computer and automation level.
The Closed Compound (mixer), rubber and plastic mixing refining is one of the main equipment. The development of modern mixer, a high-speed, high-pressure and high-performance characteristics, and is divided into low-speed (20 to the rotor speed / min), the velocity (speed of 30 to 40 ~ / min) and high-speed (60 to speed / min) 3. In recent years also appear to speed in the 80 / mixer at high speed over armed
Rubber extruder (screw extruder), the world's first since 1879-screw extruder Since the birth of all kinds of screw extruder machinery in a large number of different varieties have been supporting complete specification has been adapted to different product performance characteristics of the request. If pressure extrusion machine, mainly for the shape of the semi-finished production; filter plastic extrusion machine for removing plastic mix and the Health and the impurity; plastic extrusion machine for the continuous plastic glue Health: granulation extruders for plastic compound and the Health and the granulation; compression extruder. To compound the pressure plate; desulfurization renewable plastic extruder for the desulfurization: extrusion dehydration mixing rubber extruder for dehydration and regeneration plastic dry: Cable extruder for the cable coated molding; row Gas extruder. The mixing compound got out of the air and water and volatile compounds, such as low-molecular-weight. These specifications complete extrusion machinery, the development of the rubber industry and was credited. It has become the driving force of the rubber products processing and optimization of the equipment. Injection Molding Machine, also known as the Note Press, mainly for the production of rubber molded products. Note pressure machinery, its structure, is divided into horizontal injection press, vertical injection press, injection machine and the Multi-Position Press Note 4. Press each note is divided into many different sizes of the specifications.
Tire rubber industry is the largest number one product. Whether raw materials from the use of rubber and rubber products, put out of rubber products which occupy the lion's share of the market, consume about 80% of the volume of rubber resources. Therefore, the tire molding machinery is also important. Since the invention of pneumatic tire in 1888, with the development of the automobile industry, various specifications, the various properties of a large number of rubber tires. A high-performance, high-quality car, if there is no corresponding performance and quality of the tire support is equivalent to scrap general. And the development of tire industry tire molding machinery participation is crucial. Tubeless tire or whether they would have to be certain to die molding machinery stereotypes. Forming particular tire, tire production is in the process of core processes, tire various "parts" of the assembly process, will soon cord, bead, wrapper, tread, and other components of processed into paste composition tire embryo. Therefore tire molding machinery determines to a large extent the performance and quality of tires. As human socio-economic and cultural progress and development, a wide range of a large number of vehicles. Therefore the various types and specification is endless. Such as cars, buses, trucks, construction vehicles and other special vehicles and aircraft, which have their own dedicated tire varieties and specifications. In recent years there has high strength and high wear resistance of the steel skeleton radial tire, making automobile tires, performance and the structure and quality to a new level. This constant tire molding machinery put out a higher demand.
Tire molding machine many of the types, according to the method of forming: sleeve-law and two kinds of stickers; by shaping the contours of the drum: drum, semi-drum, and the core-wheeled four-wheel-core. In addition, all other uses of different shapes and rubber products, there is a basic molding process. Therefore a variety of rubber molding machines and even offers a dazzling. Only a wide variety of ring is tens of thousands of species on the number. This shows that the rubber molding machinery industry is also very complicated and very important.
Vulcanization machinery, a variety of rubber products of the final steps in the processing machinery, mainly for the various rubber products, plastic, rubber products, such as sulfide processing. The main structure of three kinds of forms: one is flat vulcanize, and the autoclave (including pressure autoclave) and the drum machine sulfide. Flat-curing the use of broader is more variety. In addition to direct use of vulcanized rubber products processing, can also be used in the plastics industry thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic plastics processing repression. Because of their body structure and working principle is basically the same. The types and forms are many. According to the purpose, has the vulcanized rubber model of flat products, with flat-curing machine, V-belt plate curing machine, sheet plate curing machine. Vulcanized rubber products tank is the first production application of curing equipment, mainly for the vulcanization of rubber products work. Can also be used to autoclave the curing soles, adhesive tape and model products. Therefore, "omnipotent" said curing machine. Drum curing machine, "belt" and the "V-belt" two categories. Mainly used for curing surface shape and surface quality of the special requirements of thin strip of rubber products, such as tread rubber and plastic sheet printing and dyeing, such as the conduction band. If accompanied by the necessary accessories device can be used to transport sulfide zone, belts and other similar products vulcanized rubber processing. Drum Machine continuous vulcanization sulfide, easy assembly and the formation of automated production lines. Substantially reduce labor intensity and improve efficiency and product quality.
For the development of rubber industry, mechanical and process technology research determines its speed and level of development determines the performance and quality of products. Generally speaking, industrial technology research and product cycle faster some frequency. Changes in technology and machinery cycle is slow, it decided to change the cycle of the life of the equipment, work efficiency and product quality. It is precisely because of machinery and equipment has a clear life, it makes the certain inertia of the operation. Thus create a difficult change or do not need rapid changes in the direct experience. This is a reality for many people, the community and even some scientific research and departments only attaches great importance to technology innovation and ignore changes in mechanical and technological advances and the development of one of the main reasons. The mindset of the people is to determine awareness of changes and developments. Any material production originated in the first production practice on the real social needs of the objective.
or the rubber industry development, which is not only the normal process of production is rubber products. Mechanical technology and the increasing need in-depth study of technology and joint development of modern commodity market competitive situation also not tolerate such people wait wait-and-see or delay time, and in addition to the sustenance of mankind growing material and cultural wealth, the need for rapid development of the rubber industry, large piles of scrap rubber, people also need to face the urgent and effective treatment. This is not only the rubber resources conservation needs, but also the living environment of human security requirements. To solve the normal development of rubber industry and scrap rubber recycling use of resources, only mechanical technology and the joint development of technology to achieve their goals. Contemporary rubber industry development so that the waste rubber recycling of resources must take machines improvement and progress in the joint development of the road is the only correct way. And the improvement of machinery technology is the essence of mechanical work of the progress of chemical process technology is the core content of their joint development of the modern rubber industry is able to quickly and efficiently optimize and promote the development of intrinsic motivation. Of course also includes scientific management technology decision-making body elements.
Machinery, physics, chemistry (or chemical), the four basic skills of a development of the human society science technology system, and science and technology system known as compulsory, and social management technology is soft science and technology system. Taken Flex became a more complete scientific and technological system. Rubber industry in the development of rubber industry and technology and scientific management technology industries with the economic structure of the industry is related to the development of rubber industry "carrot and stick" scientific measures. Mechanical Technology is a hard attribute technology, technology is a soft attributes, which is a "carrot and stick" form of the technology.
In the mechanical technology of the technical attributes of both tangible and intangible. All of investigation and study, the work of design techniques are soft attributes that in the manufacturing of construction involves the technical attributes of hardware technology, the results of pre-main soft technology embodied in the design and construction drawings and manuals; after a hard stage technical achievements on various material on the output of products. This is a hard and soft technology into the outcome of the objective process. Rubber industrial development, we must attach importance mechanical technology and the joint development of technology. Strengthening the role of rubber machinery technology, mechanical technology to the development and application, the whole social development is not only the production of the material and cultural needs, but also the harmonious development of the ecological environment of human needs, but also to be cherished rubber, Using and frugal behavior needs .
機械技術(shù)在橡膠工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用概述
在人類社會發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代進程中．橡膠工業(yè)也是一門不可缺少的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)。而在橡膠工業(yè)發(fā)展過程中，橡膠工藝及橡膠機械（或機電）技術(shù)的進步和發(fā)展起了重要的推動作用。橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展，橡膠工業(yè)技術(shù)及橡膠機械技術(shù)構(gòu)成了橡膠制品的全部技術(shù)過程和產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系。1820年英國制成了由人力驅(qū)動的單輥式煉膠機。1826年雙輥筒式的開放式煉膠機投入生產(chǎn)，拉開了人類橡膠機械生產(chǎn)的序幕。至今，人類社會橡膠機械的應(yīng)用已有180多年的歷史了。
1839年以來．一系列的橡膠機械設(shè)備陸續(xù)問世，除適應(yīng)橡膠硫化技術(shù)應(yīng)用的硫化設(shè)備外，其他橡膠機械,如柱塞式膠管擠出機（1858年）,螺桿擠出機（1879年），橡膠壓延機（1843～1900年），密閉式煉膠機（1916年）。等橡膠機械設(shè)備。先后投入當時的橡膠工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程，對推動橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展起了一定的促進作用。
1904年，氧化鉛、氧化鎂等無機硫化劑的發(fā)現(xiàn)，特別是1919年有機硫化促進劑D、M的發(fā)現(xiàn)和應(yīng)用，進一步促進了生產(chǎn)效率的提高，大大改善了橡膠制品的使用性能，擴大了使用范圍。1920年把炭黑加入橡膠中，才使得橡膠制品的性能得以全面改善和提高。因此，炭黑的應(yīng)用又促進了橡膠工業(yè)進步和全面發(fā)展。20世紀初及中葉，蘇聯(lián)、美國、英國、德國、法國等國家，先后發(fā)明了合成橡膠工業(yè)技術(shù)。并建立了一系列橡膠合成生產(chǎn)裝置及工廠。再加上東南亞地區(qū)的天然橡膠資源生產(chǎn)的規(guī)?；?，為人類現(xiàn)代橡膠工業(yè)的全面發(fā)展開辟了物質(zhì)資源基礎(chǔ)。
橡膠是一種高彈性的典型材料，其物理性能十分復(fù)雜。大多數(shù)橡膠的加工成型過程都有近似熔體的流動和變形過程，而且在橡膠產(chǎn)品的加工過程中，生膠要經(jīng)過塑煉、混煉、壓型、成型、硫化的工藝程序，才能成為產(chǎn)品。在現(xiàn)代化工產(chǎn)品中，諸如橡膠、塑料、油漆、纖維、潤滑油、陶瓷等一類材料的生產(chǎn)及工程技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，對其材料的復(fù)雜力學(xué)性質(zhì)．依據(jù)單純的彈性力學(xué)、粘性理論或塑性理論都不能滿足這些材料加工過程的形變要求。于是一種基于對復(fù)雜介質(zhì)力學(xué)性質(zhì)的研究課題——流變學(xué)理論便提到了人類新學(xué)科研究的議事日程。1928年，美國成立了“流變學(xué)會”，1940年，英國成立了流變學(xué)俱樂部（后改為流變學(xué)會）。此外，荷蘭、西德、法國、日本等國家也相應(yīng)成立了流變學(xué)會。1948年召開了國際流變學(xué)會。1953年成立了國際流變協(xié)會。從此一門涉及到應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)、物理學(xué)、彈性力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)、流體力學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)、工程學(xué)及其他學(xué)科的邊緣學(xué)科——流變學(xué)應(yīng)運而生，并逐漸得到廣泛應(yīng)用。流變學(xué)不僅在橡膠、塑料、涂料、印刷、硅酸鹽、食品等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中得到廣泛應(yīng)用，還涉及到基本建設(shè)、機械、運輸、水利、化學(xué)工業(yè)等眾多工業(yè)部門：涉及到許多物質(zhì)從固體到液體的變化過程。流變學(xué)在橡膠工業(yè)中。廣泛應(yīng)用于橡膠制品加工成型的研究和應(yīng)用。如對橡膠的混煉、壓延、擠出、注射成型等加工過程。高聚物由于它的大分子鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)和運動特點，在物理聚集態(tài)上呈現(xiàn)出4種物理狀態(tài)：即1個結(jié)晶態(tài)和3個非結(jié)晶態(tài)（玻璃態(tài)、高彈態(tài)、粘流態(tài)）。橡膠在正常使用情況下是高彈態(tài)．而在加工成型過程中是粘流態(tài)，只有在硫化處理后才基本失去流動性，而變成以高彈性為主的彈性體材料。
由于19世紀末和20世紀初，對橡膠工藝理論的原理探索和發(fā)明。特別是流變學(xué)理論的研究和應(yīng)用使得橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展，無論是在填充劑、硫化促進劑方面，還是在工藝原理方面都發(fā)生了深刻變化。對橡膠工業(yè)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了一次質(zhì)的變化。同時，各種橡膠機械也有了很大的進步和發(fā)展。當時的橡膠機械不僅名目眾多，而且其結(jié)構(gòu)、規(guī)格、品種等都巳達到一定水平的規(guī)?；?、精細化、自動化和聯(lián)動化程度。如有的橡膠機械傳動功率達到數(shù)百干瓦至數(shù)千千瓦，機器重量達到幾百噸。在橡膠制品生產(chǎn)過程的塑煉、混煉、壓延、壓出、成型、硫化六個工藝過程中都有了配套齊全的機械裝置。
煉膠機械是橡膠工業(yè)的基本設(shè)備之一。目前生產(chǎn)的開放式煉膠機械達數(shù)十種。主要用于生膠的塑煉，膠料的混煉；壓片機用于壓片、供膠；熱煉機主要用于膠料預(yù)熱和供膠；破碎機用于天然橡膠的破碎等，洗膠機用于除去生膠和廢膠中的雜質(zhì)；粉碎機主要用于廢膠塊的粉碎；精煉機主要用于除去再生膠中的硬雜質(zhì)；再生膠混煉機，主要用于再生膠的捏煉；煙膠壓片機用于煙膠片壓片等；縐片壓片機，主要用于縐片壓片工作；實驗用煉膠機，主要用于各種少量膠料的實驗工作等。
橡膠壓延機，也是橡膠制品加工過程中的基本設(shè)備之一。自1843年三輥壓延機應(yīng)用以來，已有160多年的發(fā)展歷史了。從近代到現(xiàn)代各種不同規(guī)格和新型的壓延機不斷涌現(xiàn)，其規(guī)格大、速度快、半制品精度高、機器自動化程度高，已成為現(xiàn)代壓延機械的主要結(jié)構(gòu)特征。目前生產(chǎn)的壓延機最大規(guī)模已達到φ1055×3000毫米以上，輥筒線速度高達120米／分以上，壓延的半成品其厚度誤差已達到±0.0025毫米以內(nèi)。并達到采用電子計算機和全程控制的自動化水平。
密閉式煉膠機（簡稱密煉機），是橡膠的塑煉和混煉的主要設(shè)備之一。現(xiàn)代密煉機的發(fā)展，具有高速、高壓和高效能的特點，并分為低速（轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速為20轉(zhuǎn)／分）、中速（轉(zhuǎn)速為30～40轉(zhuǎn)／分）和高速（轉(zhuǎn)速為60轉(zhuǎn)／分）3種。近年來