2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 1 Great scientists課時作業(yè) 新人教版必修5.doc

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2019-2020年高中英語 Unit 1 Great scientists課時作業(yè) 新人教版必修5 Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空 1．John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 2．This was the deadly disease of its day. 3．A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. 4．The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 5．As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. 6．He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. 7．Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. 8．Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. 9．In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 10．With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. Ⅱ.佳句翻譯與仿寫 1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 翻譯　人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。 仿寫　他和我都不打算去參加這次會議。 Neither_he_nor_I_am_going_to_attend_the_meeting. 2．So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 翻譯　每次爆發(fā)霍亂時，就有大批驚恐的老百姓死亡。 仿寫　我每次去北京都會去參觀長城。 Every_time_I_went_to_Beijing,_I_would_visit_the_Great_Wall. 3．He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 翻譯　他知道，直到找到病源，霍亂才能控制住。 仿寫　我親眼所見后才會相信他的話。 I_will_never_believe_him_until_I_see_with_my_own_eyes. 4．It seemed that the water was to blame. 翻譯　看來霍亂的流行要?dú)w罪于飲用水了。 仿寫　好像那次交通事故應(yīng)該怪司機(jī)。 It_seemed_that_the_driver_was_to_blame_for_the_traffic_accident. 5．To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 翻譯　為了防止這種情況再度發(fā)生，約翰斯諾建議，所有水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。 仿寫　我建議他改天再來。 I_suggested_(that)_he_(should)_e_another_day. Ⅲ.語法填空 Ms.Mary was over eighty，but she still drove her old car like half her age.She loved driving very fast，and boasted of the fact 1.____________ she had never，in her thirty－five years of driving，been punished 2.______ a driving mistake. Then one day，she nearly lost her record.A police car followed her，and the policemen in it saw her pass a red light without 3.________(stop)． When Ms.Mary came before the judge，he looked at her severely and said that she was too old to drive a car，and that the reason 4.________ she had not stopped at the red light was most probably that her eyes had bee weak 5.________ old age，so that she had simply not seen it. When the judge had finished 6.________ he was saying，Ms.Mary opened the big handbag she was carrying and took out her sewing.Without saying a word，she 7.________ (choose) a needle with a very small eye，and threaded it at the first time. When she had 8.________ (success) done this，she took the thread out of the needle again and handed both the needle and thread to the judge，saying，“Now it is your turn.I suppose you can drive a car well，and you have no doubts 9.________ your eyesight.” The judge took the needle and tried to thread it.After half a dozen times，he had still not succeeded.The case against Ms.Mary 10.________ (dismiss)，and her record remained unbroken. 答案　1.that　2.for　3.stopping　4.why　5.with　6.what　7.chose　8.successfully　9.about　10.was dismissed Ⅳ.閱讀理解 Linus Pauling，the only person who has won two undivided Nobel Prizes，was born in Portland，Oregon.He attended Washington High School but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962，long after he had received his Bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Orgon State College in 1922.He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it. He won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of plex substance.His interest in the “behavior” of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry，especially of the human body.He began with proteins and their main parts，the amino acids(氨基酸)，which are called the“building blocks of life”．In 1950，he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule，a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell. During World WarⅡ，Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security，for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948.However，the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned Pauling in a new direction.Having long worked on the structure of molecules，he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures. From then on，Pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons.Through his efforts，The Nuclear－Test－Ban Treaty，declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones，came into effect on October 10,1963，the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace. 1．From the first Paragraph，we learn that Linus Pauling________. A．didn’t study hard while in Washington High School B．is the only scientist who has won two Nobel Prizes C．was once badly treated in Washington High School D．chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)考查題。從第一段的最后一句話“He had chosen to study his major because he could get a good job with it.”我們可以得到正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。 2．Which of the following things did Pauling pay much attention to at first? A．The “behavior” of molecules. B．Physical chemistry. C．Biological chemistry. D．The human body. 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。從第二段的第二句話“His interest in the ‘behavior’ of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry，especially of the human body.”我們可以看出，Pauling的興趣發(fā)生了變化，從physical chemistry 轉(zhuǎn)到了biological chemistry上，所以我們可以得出正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。 3．During World WarⅡ，Linus Pauling________. A．had to stop his research because of the war B．made great contributions to the safety of the country C．joined the army to fight for the safety of the country D．took part in researching nuclear bombs 答案　B 解析　根據(jù)第三段的第一句話“During World WarⅡ，Pauling was a member of the Research Board for National Security，for which he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1948.”我們可以得出正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。 4．Which of the following is legal according to The Nuclear－Test－Ban Treaty? A．The use of nuclear weapons. B．Testing hydrogen bomb on the ground. C．Testing hydrogen bomb on underground. D．The production of hydrogen bombs. 答案　C 解析　細(xì)節(jié)考查題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句話“Through his efforts，The Nuclear－Test－Ban Treaty，declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones，came into effect on October 10,1963，the same day Linus Pauling was awarded the Nobel Peace.”我們可以得出正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。 5．The main idea of the passage is to show________. A．Linus Pauling’s attitude towards nuclear weapons B．Linus Pauling’s contributions to the world C．Linus Pauling’s research on the structure of molecules D．Linus Pauling’s got the Nobel Prize for Peace 答案　B 解析　推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了Linus Pauling一生的成就及其對世界的貢獻(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)該選擇B選項(xiàng)。 face n．臉；面部表情；表面 生義：v.面對；面向，朝著 1．He faced the problem seriously. 他認(rèn)真地面對那個問題。 2．He lives in a house facing (to the) south. 他住在一所面朝南的房子里?！　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　? Period Two　Language Points Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．We can conclude from what he said that he is a good manager. 2．The babies are well attended to in the nursery. 3．The police suspected that someone had broken into the house and stolen the picture. 4．The river has been polluted by all kinds of industrial waste. 5．The new canal will link the two rivers. 6．Two teachers will instruct(教導(dǎo)) and take care of the students after class. 7．Plants absorb(吸收) carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. 8．My mother was very severe(嚴(yán)厲的) with me. 9．The role will be the biggest challenge(挑戰(zhàn)) of his acting career. 10．It is hard to foresee(預(yù)知) what will happen. Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．There was a serious accident yesterday. Luckily nobody died. Luckily, there was no death in the serious accident that happened yesterday. 2．Time lost will return no more. Time lost won’t return any more. 3．The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. The man who/that was seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith. 4．It seemed that everyone was satisfied. Everyone seemed to be satisfied. 5．He sold his bike so that he could have money to buy food. To have money to buy food，he sold his bike. Ⅲ.語境活用 1．用defeat, beat或win的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1)We defeated/beat them at football match yesterday. (2)In that battle, our soldiers defeated the enemy. (3)We won the football game yesterday. (4)Mary won the first prize for swimming. 解析　defeat可表示在戰(zhàn)斗、競爭、比賽、辯論中擊敗對手，后接sb.；beat主要用于比賽、競爭中擊敗對手，后接sb.；win意為“獲勝，贏得”，所贏得的對象是比賽、戰(zhàn)斗、獎品和榮譽(yù)等。 2．用join, join in, take part in或attend的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1)Please join us in playing basketball. (2)He joined the army at the age of 18. (3)I first just watched the game，and then was invited to join_in. (4)She is sure to attend the wedding. (5)The old man took_part_in the students’ movements when he was young. 解析　join是指“加入”到某一組織、團(tuán)體、黨派等，并成為其中一員。join in指參加到某些人當(dāng)中去做某事，這項(xiàng)活動往往正在進(jìn)行著。join sb. in (doing) sth.表示“參加某人所從事的活動”。take part in是指參加到某一活動中去(如群眾性活動、會議等)，重在說明句子的主語參加該項(xiàng)活動并在活動中發(fā)揮作用。attend是正式用語，指參加會議、婚禮、典禮、聽報告、講座等，一般指成為觀眾或聽眾。 3．用announce或declare的適當(dāng)形式填空。 (1)They announced that she would give one extra song. (2)The results of the election will be declared soon. (3)The use of certain chemicals has now been declared illegal. 解析　announce指對公眾或特定人群進(jìn)行宣布，常指大家感興趣的事。declare指在莊嚴(yán)場合，官方權(quán)威人士公開鄭重宣布，有時指在公共場合對某事表明態(tài)度。 Ⅳ.語法填空 Once upon a time there was a rich merchant 1.________ had four wives.He loved the fourth wife the most.He took great care of her and gave her nothing 2.________ the best.He also loved the third wife very much.He was very 3.________ (pride) of her and always wanted to show off her to his friends.He also loved his second wife.She is 4.________ very considerate person，always patient and in fact is the merchant’s close friend.5.________ the merchant faced some problems，he always turned to his second wife and 6.________ would always help him out and tide(幫助渡過) him 7.________ difficult times.Now，the merchant’s first wife is a very loyal partner and has made great 8.________ (contribute) in maintaining his wealth and business as well as 9.________ (take) care of the household.10.________，the merchant did not love the first wife and although she loved him deeply，he hardly took notice of her. 答案　1.who　2.but　3.proud　4.a　5.When/Whenever　6.she　7.through/over　8.contributions　9.taking　10.However Ⅴ.信息匹配 閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。 以下是旅游景點(diǎn)的信息： A．Agra Fort Near the gardens of the Taj Mahal stands the important 16th－century Mughal monument known as the Red Fort of Agra.This powerful fortress of red sandstone enpasses，within its 2.5－km－long enclosure walls，the imperial city of the Mughal rulers.It prises many fairy－tale palaces，such as the Jahangir Palace and the Khas Mahal，built by Shah Jahan，audience halls，such as the Diwan－i－Khas and two very beautiful mosques. B．Taj Mahal Taj Mahal is regarded as one of the eight wonders of the world，and some Western historians have noted that its architectural beauty has never been surpassed.The Taj is the most beautiful monument built by the Mughals，the Muslim rulers of India.Taj Mahal is built entirely of white marble.It was constructed over a period of twenty－two years，employing twenty thousand workers.It was pleted in 1648 C．E.at a cost of 32 Million Rupees. C．Keoladeo National Park This former duck－h(huán)unting reserve of the Maharajas is one of the major wintering areas for large numbers of aquatic birds from Afghanistan，Turkmenistan，China and Siberia.Some 364 species of birds，including the rare Siberian crane，have been recorded in the park. D．Humayun’s Tomb，Delhi This tomb，built in 1570，is of particular cultural significance as it was the first garden－tomb on the Indian subcontinent.It inspired several major architectural innovations，culminating in the construction of the Taj Mahal.The gardens also contain the red－and－white sandstone and black－and－yellow marble tomb of Humayun’s wife and the tomb of Humayun’s barber. E．Grand Canyon National Park The Grand Canyon is perhaps the most awesome sight in the United States—and one of the wonders of the world.Much of the park’s beauty is related to its geology and ecology.Schmidt explores the shape of the land，its plants and animals，and its human history.A fascinating book that everyone visiting the Grand Canyon should read.The Skywalk at Grand Canyon West is really exciting. F．Sundarbans National Park The Sundarbans covers 10,000 sq.km of land and water (more than half of it in India，the rest in Bangla－ desh) in the Ganges delta.It contains the world’s largest area of mangrove forests.A number of rare or endangered species live in the park，including tigers，aquatic mammals，birds and reptiles. 請閱讀以下旅游者的信息，然后匹配旅游者和他/她擬旅游的景點(diǎn)。 1．Carina is fond of art and likes travelling very much.In order to take part in the following exhibition，she wants to take some photos of birds from all over the world，especially the rare Siberian crane.In the meanwhile，she doesn’t want to spend too much money. 答案　C 2．Daisy’s major is biology.She is interested in studies of tigers in India.Before graduation，she needs to write an essay on the tiger.She hears that it is one of the largest tiger populations of any of India’s parks.And so she wants to go there to do some research. 答案　F 3．Alexander is a college student of physics.He learns that this canyon is a gift from past generations that goes beyond what we experience.He is looking forward to going there and experiencing the Skywalk in the park. 答案　E 4．Sammy majors in history.He will visit it again this summer.He says it’s built entirely of white Marble and is one of the eight wonders of the world.Its beauty is beyond description，particularly at dawn and sunset.It seems to glow in the light of the full moon.On a foggy morning，the visitors experience it as if suspended when viewed from across the Jamuna river. 答案　B 5．Nancy es from the history department.Last summer she visited the ancient markets of Agra and this year she wants to visit it again.Not long ago she said，“Arriving at the Delhi airport，we representatives were warmly received.Our tiredness flew in seconds by the traditional wele that we got at the hotel’s reception.” The next day they visited the famous tomb. 答案　D have sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 have sb./sth. doing使……一直……；使……處于…… have sth. done使某事由某人做；遭遇，經(jīng)歷 won’t/can’t have sb. doing sth.不能容忍/允許某人做某事 1．Joe had me find a car for him. 喬讓我給他找輛車。 2．It was cold, and she had the fire burning day and night. 天很冷，她日夜燒著爐火。 3．Betty had her purse stolen yesterday. 貝蒂的錢包昨天被偷了。 4．I won’t have anyone smoking here. 我不容許任何人在這里抽煙。 Period Three　Using Language Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Everyone should contribute(貢獻(xiàn)) what he or she can afford to helping the poor. 2．He always has a positive(積極的) attitude when correcting students’ mistakes. 3．If we were too cautious(小心的)，we might lose a good business opportunity. 4．The new school is under construction(建設(shè))． 5．He rejected(拒絕) all the suggestions his parents put forward. 6．My friend was very enthusiastic(熱情的) and he was always ready to help me. 7．The ice skater was spinning(旋轉(zhuǎn)) faster and faster. 8．Who should be responsible(負(fù)責(zé)的) for the accident? 9．I had a broken leg, so movement(活動，移動) was quite impossible. 10．I lost my balance and fell backward(向后地)． Ⅱ.語境活用 1．用except, besides, except for, in addition to或apart from填空。 (1)Some people choose jobs for other reasons besides/in_addition_to/apart_from money these days. (2)Everyone attended the meeting except/apart_from Mary. (3)It’s a good piece of work except_for/apart_from a few slight faults. (4)I’m too busy to go for a walk；besides，it is late. 解析　except指在同一類事物的總體中除去一部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是除去，表示“除……外，(其余都)……”；except后面不僅可以接短語，還可以接從句。besides“除……之外，還包括……”，表示肯定意義，與in addition to同義；此外besides還可用作副詞，意為“況且，此外”。except for用于非同類事物，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體說明后，細(xì)節(jié)上加以補(bǔ)充。apart from的含義主要依據(jù)上下文而定，有時可與besides, except, in addition to, except for換用。 2．用only if或if only填空。 (1)If_only she could e tomorrow. (2)Only_if a teacher gave permission is a student allowed to enter the room. (3)If_only I had seen the film—Gone with the Wind. 解析　only if “只有”。當(dāng)only修飾副詞、介詞短語、狀語或狀語從句放在句首時，為了加強(qiáng)語氣，句子需要部分倒裝。if only“要是……該多好”，指一種不能實(shí)現(xiàn)或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用于虛擬語氣。表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動詞使用had done形式；表示現(xiàn)在不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示將來難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，謂語動詞用“would/could等情態(tài)動詞＋動詞原形”或一般過去時。 Ⅲ.翻譯句子 1．你昨天在會上說的話沒有道理。(make sense) What_you_said_at_the_meeting_yesterday_made_no_sense. 2．警衛(wèi)告誡我要當(dāng)心陌生人。(cautious) The_guard_warned_me_to_be_cautious_about_strangers. 3．他的建議引起對這個問題的進(jìn)一步討論。(lead to) His_suggestion_led_to_further_discussion_on_the_problem. 4．你只有用這種辦法才能學(xué)好英語。(only＋狀語的倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)) Only_in_this_way_can_you_learn_English_well. 5．這就是我們從他那里學(xué)到很多知識的那位老師。(介詞＋關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句) This_is_the_teacher_from_whom_we_have_learned_a_lot. Ⅳ.閱讀理解 Nobel, who was born in Stockholm, is a great scientist famous for his dangerous experiments. Nobel studied in the USA and then Russia between 1850 and 1859. After his return, he started researching into bombs. As is known, bomb is dangerous to life, but Nobel was working under that condition. Once a big explosion in his lab pletely destroyed the lab and caused some deaths. After that he had to experiment on a boat in a lake. He received criticism and satire(諷刺), but he proceeded with the work rather than losing heart. From 1860s to 1880s, Nobel made many achievements and his inventions were first used in building roads and digging tunnels. Most of the bombs were safer and more possible to be controlled. Even at the end of the 20th century, we still used his methods. Nobel had many patents in Britain and other European countries. He was quick to see industrial openings(機(jī)會) for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 panies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to bine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward－looking industrialist. But Nobel’s main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth, he had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations, and he spent much time and money working for this cause. To follow his will, a fund was set up to encourage people to make great progress in physics, chemistry, physiology(生理學(xué)), medicine, literature and peace. That’s the Nobel Prize which means great honor to a scientist. 1．Through his early experimental work, it is evident that ________. A．Nobel was a man of strong will B．Nobel was a man of gift C．Nobel seldom got on well with his work D．Nobel had his heart in his work 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。文章第二段第六句講述盡管諾貝爾受到了批評和諷刺，他仍然繼續(xù)研究工作而不是失去信心。這說明諾貝爾是一位有堅(jiān)定意志的人。 2．In fact, his inventions were first used in ________. A．a(chǎn) war to kill and injure his fellow men B．building roads C．digging tunnels D．both B and C 答案　D 解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第二段第七句可知：從19世紀(jì)的60年代到80年代諾貝爾取得了很多成就，他的發(fā)明最初被用來修筑道路和開挖隧道。 3．Nobel also had much financial sense because ________. A．he had a very strong desire for money B．he cared about nothing but making profits C．he managed money matter well, making the best use of chances for making profits D．he invented bombs in order to make money 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。文章第三段第二句說明諾貝爾不失時機(jī)地把自己的科學(xué)發(fā)明運(yùn)用到工業(yè)上，在20個國家開設(shè)了80多家公司。所以答案C“很好地利用機(jī)會賺得利潤”符合題意。 4．Based on the passage, Nobel, as a scientist, ________. A．took a single interest in science B．took a serious interest in money C．took no interest in literature D．took a serious interest in literature as well as in science 答案　D 解析　推理判斷題。文章第四段第二句：“……諾貝爾從青年時代起便對文學(xué)和哲學(xué)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣?！闭f明作為科學(xué)家的諾貝爾感興趣于文學(xué)如同感興趣于科學(xué)，所以答案D正確。 5．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A．His wonderful will surely provided other scientists with a large sum of money. B．In leaving behind a well－meant will, Nobel succeeded in setting up a permanent monument