2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)練習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的講解與訓(xùn)練.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)練習(xí) 動(dòng)詞的講解與訓(xùn)練 知識(shí)要點(diǎn) 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的分類。 1. 按詞義和句中的作用，動(dòng)詞可以分為四類。見下表: 類別 特點(diǎn) 意義 舉例 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 (vt. vi.) 及物動(dòng)詞跟賓語(yǔ) 須跟賓語(yǔ)一起才能表達(dá)完整的意思 I have a book. 不及物動(dòng)詞不能直接接賓語(yǔ) 能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ) She always es late. 系動(dòng)詞(link-v) 跟表語(yǔ) 不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成完整意思 I am a student. 助動(dòng)詞(aux. v.) 跟動(dòng)詞原形或分詞（無(wú)詞匯意義） 不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，跟實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示疑問，否定及各種時(shí)態(tài) He doesn’t speak Chinese. I am watching TV. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 (mod. v.) 跟動(dòng)詞原形（有自己的詞匯意思） 不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)。表示說話人語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化 We can do it by ourselves. That would be better. 式如下。 構(gòu)成方式 舉例 動(dòng)詞+介詞 look at, look after, care about, refer to 動(dòng)詞+副詞 give up, put away, throw out, e in 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 catch up with, look down upon, add up to 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞 take care of, pay attention to , pay a visit to Be+形容詞+介詞 be proud of, be afraid of , be careful for 復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu) make up one’s mind, wind one’s way 3. 按動(dòng)詞的形式可以分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 （1）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 形式 意義與特征 舉例 人稱 與主語(yǔ)在人稱一致 I am reading now. 第一人稱 數(shù) 與主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致 He writes well. 第三人稱單數(shù) 時(shí)態(tài) 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間 He wrote a letter to me last month. 過去時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài) 主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或者承受者 We study English. 主動(dòng) The road was pleted last month. 被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)氣 說話人表達(dá)事實(shí)、要求、愿望、假設(shè)等 He has flown to America. 事實(shí) I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望 （2） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 形式 功能 用法 舉例 不定式 起形容詞、副詞和名詞作用 可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ) It takes me 20 minutes to go to school. 動(dòng)名詞 起形容詞、名詞作用 作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) She likes reading. 分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 起形容詞、副詞作用，表主動(dòng) 作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) The cup is broken. 過去分詞 起形容詞、副詞作用，表被動(dòng) The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes. 疑難突破 1. 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 （1）助動(dòng)詞：用于構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài), 語(yǔ)態(tài), 語(yǔ)氣以及否定或疑問等結(jié)構(gòu)。它們本身沒有詞義，只和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一定形式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。 1）be (am, is, are, were, been) ①“be + -ing”構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；②“be + 過去分詞”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；③“be + 動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事。The prime minister is to visit Japan next year. 用于命令。Youre to do your homework before you watch TV. 2）have (has, had) ①“have+過去分詞”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：Have you visited the place ? ②“have been + -ing”構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：What have you been doing these days? 3）do (does, did) ①“do/ does/ did not + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成行為動(dòng)詞的否定式。如：His uncle doesn’t like playing football.；②“Do/ Does/ Did+ 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成行為動(dòng)詞的一般疑問句。Does he go to work by bike every day? ③“do/did/does + 動(dòng)詞原形”用于祈使句或陳述句中表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。如：I did go to see her, but she wasn’t in我確實(shí)去看望她了，但她不在家。Do do some work. 請(qǐng)一定做點(diǎn)什么；④代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞以避免重復(fù)。My mother told me to go to bed early. So I did. 4）will, shall (would, should) “will (shall+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí)，一般來說shall用于第一人稱，will用于第二人稱或第三人稱，口語(yǔ)中常用will代替shall，如：We will have a meeting to discuss the problem. （2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：表示說話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，可以表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必須”或“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等之意。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，必須和不帶to的不定式連用構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(ought除外)。 1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式，疑問式與簡(jiǎn)答 ① can能力（體力，智力，技能）；允許或許可（口語(yǔ)中常用）；可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問句中）。常用表達(dá)及句式如下： can not / cannot /can’t do 例如： I can not / cannot /can’t do such a foolish thing. 我不可能做這樣的傻事。 Can/ Could…do…? 例如： Can/ Could I join your team? 我可以加入你的隊(duì)伍嗎？ Yes,…can.No,/…can’t. 可以的/不行。 could/ couldn’t do例如： I could/ couldn’t do the work. 我能/不能做這項(xiàng)工作。 ② may可以（問句中表示請(qǐng)求）；可能，或許（表推測(cè)）；祝愿（用于倒裝句中） may not do 例如： You may not do the work in time.你也許不能及時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。 May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. 例如： ---May I e in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？ ---Yes, you may/can.可以的。（No, you mustn’t/can’t.不行，你不能進(jìn)來。） Might 也許/可能（可能性較小，在兩可之間，同could） might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not.例如： You might be wrong because you can’t think it over.你也許錯(cuò)了，因?yàn)槟銢]有仔細(xì)考慮。 --- I feel it so hot. Might the weather rain? 我感覺天這么熱。天會(huì)下雨嗎？ Yes, it might. 也許會(huì)的。 No,…might not.不會(huì)吧。 ③ must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀要求）；肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to.例如： ---You must go now. Or, you will be late.你必須現(xiàn)在動(dòng)身，否則會(huì)遲到的。 ---Yes, I must./No, I needn’t. I can ride my bike. 是的，我應(yīng)該現(xiàn)在動(dòng)身。/不必了，我可以騎自行車。 ④ have to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱變化） don’t have to do 例如： You don’t have to hurry because there is fifteen minutes left. 你不必匆匆忙忙，因?yàn)檫€有十五分鐘。 Do…h(huán)ave to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. 例如： ---Do you have to finish it tonight? 你必須今晚完成嗎？ ---Yes,I do./No, I don’t.是的， 我必須今晚完成。/不必了。 ⑤ ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. 例如： When your mother is busy, you ought to help her do some housework. 當(dāng)你媽很忙的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該幫她做點(diǎn)家務(wù)。 ⑥ shall將要，會(huì)。用于一三人稱征求對(duì)方意見；用于二、三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等。 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. 例如： You shan’t move, or I will shoot at you. 你不許動(dòng)，否則我會(huì)朝你開槍。 ---Shall he e into your office?他可以進(jìn)你的辦公室嗎？ ---Yes, he shall./ No, he shan’t.可以/不行，不可以進(jìn)來。 ⑦ should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）；本該（含有責(zé)備意味）。 should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? 例如： You should not/shouldn’t surf the internet day and night. 你不應(yīng)該整日整夜地上網(wǎng)。 ---Should we do anything for the old granny? 我們應(yīng)該為那位老奶奶做點(diǎn)什么嗎？ ---Yes, we should.是的，應(yīng)該。 You should have learned these new words by heart yesterday. 你昨天本應(yīng)該背下這些生詞（實(shí)際并未背）。 ⑧ will意愿，決心；請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉。 will not/won’t do would not/wouldn’t Will/would…do…? Yes,…will/would. No,…won’t/wouldn’t.例如： ---Will/Would you please have a dance with me?請(qǐng)你跟我跳個(gè)舞好嗎？ ---Yes, I’d like to. /I’m sorry. I won’t/wouldn’t because I’m too tired. 好的，我很樂意(對(duì)不起，我不想跳，我太累了)。 I will keep on working hard till success.我會(huì)堅(jiān)持努力，直到最后成功。 ⑨ dare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t.例如： I dare not/daren’t tell my teacher the truth because I’m afraid that he will scold me. 我不敢告訴老師這件事的真相，因?yàn)槲遗滤?zé)備我。 ---Dare you swim in this river? 你敢在這河里游泳嗎？ ---Yes, I dare. /No, I daren’t because the water is too deep.我敢。/不敢，因?yàn)楹铀睢? ⑩ need需要；必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.例如： ---Must you finish your homework before you go home?你需要在回家之前完成作業(yè)嗎？ ---No, I needn’t. I can do it at home.不必了。我可以在家里做。 注意： used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再） used not/ usedn’t/ didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Did…use to do…? Yes,…did. No,…didn’t.例如： Tom used to get up lately. 湯姆過去常起床晚（現(xiàn)在不是這樣）。 ---Used Mike to be late for school? 邁克過去常常上學(xué)遲到嗎？ ---No, he didn’t use to..Yes, he used to.沒有啊，他不常遲到。(是啊，他常遲到。） 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測(cè)： 以must為例。must + do(be)是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行；must + be doing 推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情；must +have done是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。 ① must“肯定，一定”語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。例如： He must be a man from America. 和一定是來自美國(guó)。 He must be talking with his friend. 他一定在跟朋友一起談話。 He seems to be tired and he must have stayed up too late last night. 他顯得很疲勞，他昨晚一定熬夜太晚。 ② may和might“也許”，后者語(yǔ)氣弱，更沒有把握?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň?。例如： He may not be at school. / They might have finished their work. ③ can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。例如： The weather in that area could be cold now. 現(xiàn)在那個(gè)地方的天氣可能很冷。 We could have walked there; it was so near.（推測(cè)某事本來可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生） 距離很近，我們本可以步行到那里。 ---Can he be in the office now? 他現(xiàn)在會(huì)在辦公室里嗎？(語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)，常用于疑問句和否定句中) ---No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now. 他不可能在那里，因?yàn)槲覄傇趫D書管理看到了他。 注意： ① can和be able to:都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而can無(wú)法表達(dá)此意。Be able to有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。另外，兩者不能重疊使用。 ② used to和would: used to表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣，而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。 ③ need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…? 做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do ④ had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。例如： We had better go now. 我們最好現(xiàn)在動(dòng)身。 ⑤ would rather意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶to的不定式。例如： I’d rather not say anything./ Would you rather work on a farm? --- Would you rather stay here? 你愿意呆在這里嗎？ --- No, I would not. I’d rather go there. 不愿意。我想去那里。 由于would rather表選擇，因 而后可接than，例如： I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. 2. 連系動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，說明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況及其與其它詞連用時(shí)所表達(dá)的特殊意義。連系動(dòng)詞，本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)（亦稱補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 （1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞：用來表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如： He is an engineer. 他是一名工程師。（is與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起說明主語(yǔ)的身份。） （2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞：用來表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： He always keeps silent at meeting. 他開會(huì)時(shí)總保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。 （3）表像系動(dòng)詞：用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。例如： He looks tired. 他看起來很累。 He seems (to be) very happy. 他看起來很高興。 （4）感官系動(dòng)詞：感官系動(dòng)詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。 This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。 （5）變化系動(dòng)詞：這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣。變化系動(dòng)詞主要有bee, grow, turn, fall, get, go, e, run. 例如： He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。 The bread went bad within a short time. 那面包沒多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就發(fā)霉了。 （6）終止系動(dòng)詞：表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove, turn out等，表達(dá)“證實(shí)”，“變成”之意。例如： The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實(shí)有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（turn out表終止性結(jié)果） 3. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)一般分為現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)、完成時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)等： （1）動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的種類： 1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去將來時(shí) ask / asks，asked，shall/will ask，should/would ask 例如： He often gets up at 7 o’clock.他常在七點(diǎn)起床。 She got up at 6 o’clock yesterday.她昨天在六點(diǎn)起床。 Tom will get up at 8 o’clock tomorrow.湯姆明天將會(huì)在八點(diǎn)起床。 Mike said that he would e to see me soon.邁克說他不久將會(huì)來看我。 2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are asking，was/were asking，shall/will be asking，should/would be asking 例如： He is doing homework now. 他現(xiàn)在正在做作業(yè)。 She was reading a book at this time yesterday.她昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候正在讀書。 He will be riding on a plane home at this time tomorrow. 他明天這個(gè)時(shí)候?qū)⒄谧w機(jī)回家。 3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)，過去將來完成時(shí) have/has asked，had asked，shall/will have asked，should/would have asked例如： So far, he has just finished writing a half of his position. 到現(xiàn)在為止，他剛寫完了作文的一半。 She had finished her task before we got to her office this morning. 今天上午，我們到她辦公室之前她已經(jīng)完成了任務(wù)。 He will have finished reading this English story by this time tomorrow. 到明天此時(shí)他將會(huì)看完這本英語(yǔ)小說。 She said that Mike would have learned Book 3 of Senior English by this time next year. 她說到明年這個(gè)時(shí)候，邁克將會(huì)學(xué)完高中英語(yǔ)必修三。 4）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí) have/has been asking，had been asking，shall/will have been asking， should/would have been asking例如： Since then, we have been learning American English. 從那時(shí)以來，我們一直在學(xué)習(xí)美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。 By 11 o’clock last night, he had been learning to set up an internet station. 到昨晚十一點(diǎn)以前，他一直在學(xué)習(xí)建網(wǎng)站。 By 8 o’clock tomorrow, I will have been working on writing a paper. 明天八點(diǎn)前，我將一直在寫一篇論文。 She said that she would have been working on this project by the end of next month. 她說下個(gè)月底之前她將一直在做這項(xiàng)工程。 （2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別： 1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，利用過去，說明現(xiàn)在。例如： I have already seen the film directed by the world-famous director. (已經(jīng)看過，且了解這部電影的內(nèi)容) 我已經(jīng)看過這部由世界著名導(dǎo)演導(dǎo)演的影片。 2）一般過去時(shí)只表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)，它可和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，漢譯英時(shí)可加“過”，“了”等詞。簡(jiǎn)言之，僅談過去，不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如： I read the story last year (只說明去年看了，不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住) I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只說明在北京住過十年，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)） （3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別： 兩者都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”，在含義上如著重表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)，多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，如著重表示動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，即動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性時(shí)，則多用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 I have read that novel.我讀過那篇小說了。 I have been reading that novel all the morning. 我早上一直在讀那篇小說。 （4）一般將來時(shí)的表達(dá)方式： 1）will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形：表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如： My son will be eight next year. 2）be to + 動(dòng)詞原形：表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對(duì)方意見。如： We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. 3）be + doing 進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。如：go, e, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 He is leaving for London. Are they going to Beijing? 4）be about to + 動(dòng)詞原形 ：表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to start. 5）be going to+動(dòng)詞原形：含有“打算，計(jì)劃，即將”做某事，或表示很有可能要發(fā)生某事。如： It’s going to rain. We’re going to have a party tonight. 6）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來：時(shí)刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。如： The class ends at five o’clock. The plane leaves at five this evening. 4. 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)用來表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)兩種。如果主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者就用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，反之，如果主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。另外非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)形式。 （1）動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（見“動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)”部分）。 （2）動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)： 常用時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成： （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/is/are asked 如： I am asked to answer the question.我被要求回答那個(gè)問題。 （2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were being asked 如： I was being questioned about the case by a policeman. 當(dāng)時(shí)，我正在被一個(gè)警察詢問有關(guān)那個(gè)案件的情況。 （3）一般過去時(shí) was/were asked 如： He was asked to solve the problem yesterday afternoon.他被要求昨天下午解決那個(gè)問題。 （4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been asked 如： So far, a half of the project has been finished.到目前為止，那項(xiàng)工程已被完成了一半。 （5）一般將來時(shí) shall/will be asked 如： Tom will be asked to do some cleaning tomorrow.湯姆明天將被要求搞一些清潔工作。 （6）過去完成時(shí) had been asked 如： When we got to the station, the train had left.當(dāng)我們到達(dá)車站的時(shí)候，火車已經(jīng)離開了。 （7）過去將來時(shí) should/would be asked 如： Mike said that part of the project would be finished next month. 邁克說下個(gè)月這項(xiàng)工程的部分工作將被完成。 （8）將來完成時(shí) will/would have been asked例如： We will have finished learning Book8 of Senior English by this time next year. 到明年此時(shí)我們將學(xué)完高中英語(yǔ)選修八。 （9）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is/are being asked 如： Tom is being scolded by his father for his failure in the exam. 湯姆因這次考試不及格正在受他爸爸責(zé)備。 （10）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/must/may be asked 如： This task must be finished this afternoon.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)應(yīng)該在今天下午完成。 注意: ①被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介詞或副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，只需將其后的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)。例如： Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. ②漢語(yǔ)有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)，在英語(yǔ)中一般可用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示。例如： It is believed that… 據(jù)相信…… It is generally considered that… 人們認(rèn)為…… It is said that… 據(jù)說…… It is well known that… 眾所周知…… It must be pointed out that… ……應(yīng)該被指出 It is supposed that… 假定…… It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道…… It must be admitted that…應(yīng)該承認(rèn)…… It is hoped that…人們希望…… ③下面主動(dòng)形式常表示被動(dòng)意義。例如： The bike wants/needs/requires repairing. 這輛自行車需要修理。 The novel is worth reading twice.這部小說值得看兩遍。 The door won’t shut. 這門打不開。/ The play won’t act. 這部戲演不成。 The clothes washes well. 這衣服經(jīng)洗。/ The book sells well.這書很暢銷。 The chicken tastes delicious. 這雞肉味道好。/ Water feels very cold.這水感覺很涼。 下面詞或短語(yǔ)(不及物)沒有被動(dòng)態(tài)： leave, enter, reach, bee, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, e about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等。例如： I will leave for Beijing.我將要離開，去北京。 He failed again in the maths examination.他又一次在數(shù)學(xué)考試中不及格。 A war broke out between the south and north.南方和北方之間爆發(fā)了一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 Although she failed in the English exam, she didn’t lose heart. 雖然她在英語(yǔ)考試中不及格，但是她并不灰心。 即學(xué)即練 1. Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they just ____ be quiet people. 　　 A. must B. may C. should D. would 2.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_____ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 3. Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying 4. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ____ with them to school. A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take 5.. Because the shop______, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. A. has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down 6. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you can’t have time to ______ before the party. A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 7. —The window is dirty. —I know. It ____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 9. —What’s that noise? —Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 10. In recent years many football clubs ______as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C had been run D. will run 動(dòng)詞 即學(xué)即練 1.B。may表示“可能，也許”是一種可能性的推測(cè)。 2.C。could have expressed表示過去本可以做，實(shí)際上沒有做。 3.D。will be doing表示將來的一種趨勢(shì)。 4.C。his father and grandfather ____ with them to school.作定語(yǔ)從句修飾the same suitcase，據(jù)句意情景是他的父親和爺爺正在拿著的。故答案選C。 5.C。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：商店關(guān)閉。 6.A。“get 過去分詞”也是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，這里表示更換衣服。 7.D。for weeks暗示用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用被動(dòng)形式。 8.B。后半句說明“考慮返?！边@個(gè)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行，并沒有結(jié)束。 9.C。說話時(shí)機(jī)器正在被檢測(cè)。 10.B。從In recent years理解是用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句意理解使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；故答案選B。