【2019中考復(fù)習(xí)】中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理

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1、中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理 介詞是一種用來表示詞語詞之間、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)做句子成分。介詞分為簡單介詞和短語介詞兩種。簡單介詞即單個(gè)介詞，如in，under，on，for，after等；短語介詞指多個(gè)單詞構(gòu)成的介詞，如in front of，instead of，far from等。介詞短語與短語介詞不同。介詞短語指由“介詞＋名詞/代詞等” 構(gòu)成的短語，如at school，by bus，on Sunday等，在句中可以作定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等。有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作連詞(作連詞時(shí)，其后接句子)，如after，before等；而有些單詞，既可以作介詞，也可以作副詞

2、，如above，below等。 介詞是中考試卷中的“常客”，從時(shí)間上看，年年都要考；從地點(diǎn)上看，每個(gè)地區(qū)都要考。考查介詞的主要題目有：單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空及句子翻譯等。 一、對時(shí)間介詞的考查 介詞 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 語 at ① 表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或是瞬間 ② 用在節(jié)假日前表示“在……期間” ③ 用于某些固定搭配 I usually get up at half past six. Bill got a lot of presents at Christmas. at noon; at night; at midnight on 表示在具體

3、的某一天或具體到某一天的早晨、上下午或晚上等 I like visiting friends on Sundays. The accident happened on a rainy evening. in ① 用于月份、季節(jié)、年、年代、世紀(jì)等 ② 泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上 ③“in+時(shí)間段”，表示“在……之后”，常用于一般將來時(shí)態(tài) in January; in summer; in the 1990s in the morning / afternoon / evening She says that her mother will be back _________

4、___________ (兩個(gè)小時(shí)后) . during 在……期間 during the summer holidays before 在……之前 He will be back before suppertime. after ①“after+具體時(shí)刻”，表示“在……之后” ②“after+時(shí)間段”不與將來時(shí)連用。 after three o’clock / lunch / August He will arrive ______ (after / in) an hour. since 后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子，表示 “自從……以來” He has taugh

5、t English since 2001. I haven’t seen him since he left last time. for 后接時(shí)間段，表示“持續(xù)一段時(shí)間” He has lived here for eight years. till / until ① 表示持續(xù)到某個(gè)時(shí)候 ② not …until… 意為“直到……才” It may last till / until next Friday. We can’t get off the bus until it stops. from from … to … 意為“從……到……” We go to s

6、chool from Monday to Friday. by ① 表示“在……之前”、“不遲于” ② 表示“到……為止” You must be here by ten o’clock tomorrow. by the end of last year / next year; by now 【中考例題】 1. (2015連云港) I was born ______ December 17. This year I’ll hold a birthday party for it at home. A. on B. at C. in D. by

7、2. (2015四川涼山) —Do you know Victory Day in China? —Yes, it’s ______ September 3rd ______ each year. It tells the world that Chinese people love peace and hate wars. Chinese people will never forget the history. A. in; on B. on; / C. at; / D. on; in 3. (2015山東臨沂) For many Wester

8、n people, they drink cold water even ______ winter. A. on B. for C. at D. in 4. (2015甘肅武威) —The charity walk begins ______ 9:00. Don’t be late. —No problem. A. at B. by C. in D. on 5. (2015安徽) The Dragon Boat Festival this year will come ______

9、four days. A. after B. for C. during D. in 6. (2015菏澤短文填空) After walking around ________ some time, she came to a river. 7. (2015德州首字母填空) He has been away from home s________ two days ago. 8. (2015溫州句子填空) The Highland Museum is opened every day ______ Monday. 二、對地點(diǎn)、方位介詞的考查 介 詞

10、圖 示 意 義 例 句 1 in 在……之內(nèi) The students are reading in the classroom. 學(xué)生們在教室里讀書。 2 on 在……上面 The boat is on the river. 那條船在河上。 3 beneath 在……下面 (緊貼著表面) The sun is now beneath the horizon. 太陽此刻落到地平線下了。 4 over 在……（正）上方 There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好幾座橋。

11、 5 under 在……（正）下方 The boat sailed under the bridge. 船在橋下行駛。 6 above 在……上方 The plane flew above the clouds. 飛機(jī)在云上飛行。 7 below 在……下方 The sun sinks below the horizon. 太陽沉沒在地平線下。 8 by / beside 在……旁邊 Tom is sitting by / beside the window. 湯姆坐在窗戶的旁邊。 9 near 在……附近

12、 I don’t need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽車，因?yàn)槲易≡诳拷兄行摹? 介 詞 圖 示 意 義 例 句 10 next to 緊挨…… My best friend sits next to me in class. 上課時(shí)我最好的朋友坐在我的旁邊。 11 behind 在……后面 Olive hid behind a tree. 奧列弗藏在一棵樹后面。 12 outside 在……外面 He parked his car outsid

13、e the theater. 他把汽車停在劇場外面。 13 to 到……去 We walked to the fruit shop. 我們步行到水果店。 14 from 從……來 We traveled to London from Edinburgh. 我們從愛丁堡旅行到倫敦。 15 (a)round 圍繞…… We all sat around the table. 我們都圍繞著桌子坐。 16 between 在……之間（指二者） The letter B is between A and C. 字母B在A和C之間。 17

14、among 在……之間（指三者或三者以上） The house stands among the trees. 房子在樹叢中。 18 across 橫過、越過 (從表面跨過) If the road is busy, don’t walk across it. 如果道路擁擠，就不要橫穿馬路。 19 through 穿過…… (從內(nèi)部穿過) We drove through the tunnel. 我們開車穿過了隧道。 20 past / by 從旁邊經(jīng)過/ 路過…… I went past / by a bakery on my

15、 way home. 我在回家的路上經(jīng)過了一家面包店。 21 onto 到……上 The men lift the baskets onto the trucks. 人們把籃子運(yùn)上卡車。 22 into 到……里 They put the apples into the baskets. 他們把蘋果放進(jìn)籃子里。 23 out of 從……出來 Don’t look out of the window in class. 上課時(shí)不要朝窗外看。 24 along 沿著 Walk along this street, then tu

16、rn left, you can see the post office. 沿著這條街走，然后向右拐，你就可以看到郵局。 at, in, on表示地點(diǎn)的用法：①at表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指空間位置上的某一點(diǎn)，后面常接小地方。如：at the bus stop；②in表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指在某一立體空間范圍內(nèi)，后面接大地方。如：in shanghai；③on表地點(diǎn)時(shí)，指某物與另一物表面相接觸，或與某地方接壤等。如：on the table等。 in, on, to表示方位的用法：①范圍之內(nèi)用in；②相鄰、接壤用on；③不相鄰或隔海相望用to。 【中考例題】 9. (2015江蘇泰州) —I like t

17、he weather in Kunming. It’s warm all year long. —Yes. And the temperature stays ______ zero all the time. A. at　　 B. below　　 C. around　　 D. above 10. (2015蘇州) In cold winter, the temperature in Harbin often remains ______ zero all day. A. above B. below C. over D. under 11. (2015益陽

18、) The bank is ______ the bookstore and the post office. A. at the front of D. among C. between D. in 12. (2015濰坊) You must be careful when you swim ______ the lake. A. across B. below C. over D. through 13. (2015貴州銅仁) —Excuse me, where is the bookstore? —Go ______ the bridge.

19、You’ll see it on your left. A. on B. cross C. across D. through 14. (2015黑龍江綏化) Heilongjiang Province is _____ the northeast of China. A. to B. in C. on D. at 15. (2014天津) Cambridge is a small city ______ the east of England. A. between B. wi

20、th C. in D. under 16. (2015南寧) Jim sits behind me, so I sit ______ him. A. at the top of B. at the end of C. in the middle of D. in front of 三、對手段、方法介詞的考查 介詞 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 語 by ① by+交通工具：“乘坐交通工具” ② by doing sth.：“通過某種方式” He goes to school by bus every day. I learn English by

21、listening to the radio. in ① in+語言類名詞：“用某種語言” ② in+工具：“用某種工具或材料” Can you say it in English? Don’t write it in pencil. Write it in ink. with ① with+工具：“用某種工具或材料” ② with the help of…：“在……的幫助下” I often do my homework with a pen. With the help of him, I won the match. on 通過某個(gè)設(shè)備 He listens t

22、o music on the radio. 【中考例題】 17. (2015江蘇鎮(zhèn)江) Ma Yun, the Chairperson of Alibaba Group, has made much money _____ the Internet. A. through B. along C. across D. towards 18. (2014上海) More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work ______ underground. A. in B. with

23、 C. by D. for 19. (2014成都) Gina, what’s this ______ English? A. by B. for C. in D. with 20. (2014萊蕪) We can save money ______ cooking our own meals instead of eating outside. A. by B. to C. for D. with 四、對其他常用介詞的考查 介詞 用 法 例 句 / 常 用 短 語 about ① 大約 ②“關(guān)于”，只

24、表示“和……有關(guān)” There are about 60 pupils in my class. I want to tell you a story about animals. on “關(guān)于”，多表示內(nèi)容具有專門性，是嚴(yán)肅的和學(xué)術(shù)性的 It’s a book on animals. 這是一本論及動(dòng)物的書。(學(xué)術(shù)專著) like “像……一樣” He talked to me like his father. as “作為；以……的身份”，后跟表示職業(yè)、職務(wù)的名詞 As a volunteer, I must try my best to help you with y

25、our problems. except “除……之外”，指從整體中除去一部分 We are all here except Li Ming.（李明不在這兒） besides “除……之外還有（包括在內(nèi)）” We are all here besides Li Ming.（李明在這兒） with 表示伴隨，意為“和……一起” I went to plant trees with my friends. without 表示“沒有”，常作狀語 He left without saying a word. for ① 表示目的，意為“為了” ② 表示原因、理由 He

26、 came here for a cup of tea. Sanya is famous for “Tianya Haijiao”. towards “朝……方向” A dog is running towards me. off “離開，脫離” Keep off the grass. 勿踏草地。 against 靠著；反對 He is sleeping soundly against a tree. instead of “代替” I went swimming instead of watching TV. because of “因?yàn)椤?，表示原? I

27、didn’t go out because of the bad weather. 【中考例題】 21. (2015福州) —Do you remember what she looked like when you first met her? —Of course. She was tall and thin ______ long hair. A. in B. with C. on D. for 22. (2015龍巖) Jack had to stop working though it was ______ his own wishes. A.

28、on B. for C. against D. by 23. (2015河南) Wild animals are our friends. We shouldn’t kill them ______ food or clothing. A. in B. with C. about D. for 24. (2015連云港) It is great ______ us to get so many favourite books on International Children’s Book Day. A. to B. with

29、 C. of D. for 25. (2015涼山完形填空) He looked at me and, ______ a word, smiled. A. in B. with C. without D. for 26. (2014四川省內(nèi)江市) All of us went to the park ______ Bob. He had to look after his sister. A. besides B. with C. except D. besides 五、對介詞短語的考查 搭配情況 介 詞 固 定 搭 配 與 名

30、 詞 的 搭 配 at at night / noon; at once; at first / last; at home / school / work after after school / class; after breakfast / lunch / supper; after all by by the way; by the lake / river; by now; by chance / accident in in class; in time; in town; in the future; in fact; in a car / taxi

31、on on time; on duty; on business; on foot; on a train / ship / plane for for example; for a while; for sure; for fun; the idea / technology for… to the answer to… / the way to… / the key to… with have problem / trouble / difficulty / fun with… // make friends with… 與 動(dòng) 詞 的 搭 配 about w

32、orry about; talk about; think about; learn / know about at look at; laugh at; shout at; point at; knock at; arrive at; call at swh. for look for; ask for; wait for; stand for; leave for; send for sb. from hear from sb.; learn from sb.; come from; be made from on depend on; get on; call on sb

33、.;（put on; try on; turn on） off get off; fall off; show off;（take off; see sb. off） to belong to; listen to; get to; write to; help oneself to; say hello / hi to… with begin with; talk / chat with sb.; agree with sb.; get on / along with sb. 與 形 容 詞 的 搭 配 about be sure about; be sorr

34、y about at be mad at; be good / bad at; be surprised at; be talented at of be afraid / scared of; be sure / proud / fond / jealous / full of with be busy / strict / angry / popular / satisfied / covered / filled with in be interested in; be different in size; be strict in sth. for be famou

35、s for; be late for; be ready for; be good / bad for to be polite / rude / cruel to sb.; be good / friendly / kind / bad to sb. from be away from; be different from; be… away from 【中考例題】 27. (2015濱州) My mother says my friend is similar ______ me, but I think she is different ______ me. A.

36、 as; from B. to; from C. to; to D. as; to 28. (2015鹽城) This photo reminded the old man ______ the days when he was young. A. with B. for C. by D. of 29. (2015武威) They hope it can protect them ______ terrible air. A. in B. from C. for D. at 30. (2015廣州) When the k

37、ing saw that she as playing his old harp, he was filled ______ joy. A. in B. of C. by D. with 31. (2014山西) This kind of dress is ______ this year, and I really want to get one A. in danger B. in trouble C. in style D. in time 32. (2014四川) Mr. Yang’s daughter is pretty

38、good ___ drawing pictures and won many prizes. A. with B. for C. in D. at 33. (2014天津) Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo won the gold medal for China so we’re proud ______ them. A. in B. on C. of D. for 34. (2015廣安完形填空) I learn ______ my teacher and my classmates at th

39、e corner. A. to B. at C. for D. from 35. (2015煙臺(tái)) Compared ______ some unhappy people, those who are always pleased and relaxed are less likely to suffer colds. A. at B. with C. in D. of 附：介詞的省略 省略情況 示 例 表示時(shí)間的短語中介詞的省略。 (in) this morning / afternoon / evening; (on) the n

40、ext day; (in) next week / month / year; (in) last night / week / year; (on) the day before yesterday; (in) the year before last; (on) tomorrow morning; (on) every / some / one / all day … 在肯定句中表示一段時(shí)間的for?？墒÷?。 I have been waiting for you (for) a whole afternoon. He has studied English (for) fi

41、ve years. 在“of+大小、形狀、年齡”等結(jié)構(gòu)中，of 常省略。 When I was (of) your age, I knew much less than you. The desks in our class are (of) the same colour, material, shape, height and length. 在here，there，home等副詞前。 come (to) here; go (to) there; go (to) home 某些習(xí)語中的省略。 be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事 (in) this

42、 / that way 以這種/那種方法 stop / prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 spend …(in) doing sth. 在做某事上花費(fèi)…… have trouble (in) doing sth. 在做某事中遇到麻煩 help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助某人做某事 近年河北省中考介詞真題 1. (2015) This food is free. You don’t have to ______ it. A. look for B. pay for C. ask for D. wait for

43、 2. (2014) You see, Kevin is writing ______ his left hand. A. at B. as C. for D. with 3. (2013) ______ age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition. A. In B. At C. On D. For 4. (2012) We can be thankful every day, not just ______ Thanksgiving Day. A. in B

44、. on C. to D. by 5. (2011) This school is different ______ others. It has many out-of-class activities. A. off B. from C. of D. for 6. (2015邯鄲一模) Jessica took part in the English competition ___ the morning of April tenth. A. in B. on C. to D. by 7. (2015邯鄲二模)

45、 Don’t play computer games too much. It’s bad ______ your eyes. A. for B. with C. on D. at 8. (2015石家莊18縣聯(lián)考) Sam likes skating very much. He has been skating ____ four hours. A. for B. since C. with D. in 9. (2015邢臺(tái)一模) —When is Henry’s birthday party, Lynn? —The 18

46、th, ______ about three o’clock in the afternoon. A. in B. at C. on D. to 10. (2015石家莊新華區(qū)質(zhì)量檢測) Remember to run ______ the road quickly while it is clear. A. across B. for C. after D. of 11. (2015廊坊三模) —Excuse me. Where is the Hope Cinema? —Go up this road to the end.

47、Go ______ the bridge and you’ll find it. A. cross B. crossing C. across D. down 12. (2015石家莊裕華區(qū)模擬) Zhang Mei really wants to improve her English. She often practises English ______ chatting with her English friend Tony. A. in B. by C. for D. with 13. (2015路北一模) —What

48、 are Mexicans supposed to do when they meet ___ the first time? —They are supposed to shake hands. A. for B. on C. among D. in 14. (2015石家莊一模) Don’t worry ______ your physics. I will help you ______ it. A. with; about B. about; on C. on; about D. about; with 15. (2015張家口

49、一模) They had a picnic ______ the foot of the mountain last Sunday. A. for B. to C. of D. at 參考答案 中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理 1-5. ABDAD 6. for 7. since 8. except 9-10. DB 11-15. CACBC 16-20. DACCA 21-25. BCDDC 26-30. CBDBD 31-35. CDCDB 近年河北省中考介詞真題 1-5. BDBBB 6-10. BAABA 11-15. CBADD - 9 - 中考介詞考點(diǎn)梳理