面料英語(yǔ)詞典

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1、 wicking, chemical or electrostatic action. Monks Cloth A heavy weight cotton fabric utilizing the basket weave variation of the plain weave. Used for draperies and slip covers, monks cloth is an example of 4 x 4 basket weave. It has poor dimensional stability and tends to snag. Monofilame

2、nt A single filament of a manufactured fiber, usually made in a denier higher than 14. Monofilaments are usually spun singularly, rather than extruded as a group of filaments through a spinneret and spun into a yarn. End-uses include hosiery and sewing thread. Muslin An inexpensive, medium wei

3、ght, plain weave, low count (less than 160 threads per square inch) cotton sheeting fabric. In its unfinished form, it is commonly used in fashion design to make trial garments for preliminary fit. Return to Index N Nainsook A lightweight plain weave cotton fabric, usually finished to create

4、a luster and a soft hand. Common end-uses are infants wear, blouses, and lingerie. Nap A fuzzy, fur-like feel created when fiber ends extend from the basic fabric structure to the fabric surface. The fabric can be napped on either one or both sides. Net An open fabric, which is created by co

5、nnecting the intersections in a woven, knitted, or crocheted construction to form a mesh-like appearance that wont ravel. End-uses include veils, curtains, and fish nets. Ninon A lightweight, plain weave, made of silk or manufactured fibers, with an open mesh-like appearance. Since the fabric is

6、 made with high twist filament yarns, it has a crisp hand. End uses include eveningwear and curtains. Nonwoven Fabric Fabrics made directly from individual fibers that are matted together by forming an interlocking web of fibers either mechanically (tangling together) or chemically (gluing, bond

7、ing, or melting together). Novelty Yarn A yarn that is intentionally produced to have a special or unique effect. These effects can be produced by twisting together uneven single yarns, by using yarns that contain irregularities, or by twisting yarns that contain a color variance. A slubbed yarn

8、 is an example of a novelty yarn. Nylon Produced in 1938, the first completely synthetic fiber developed. Known for its high strength and excellent resilience, nylon has superior abrasion resistance and high flexibility. Nytril A manufactured fiber, most often used in sweaters or pile fabric

9、s, where little or no pressing is recommended, as the fiber has a low softening or melting point. However, it has also been successfully used in blends with wool for the purpose of minimizing shrinkage and improving the shape retention in garments. Return to Index O Olefin (also known as polyol

10、efin and polypropylene) A manufactured fiber characterized by its light weight, high strength, and abrasion resistance. Olefin is also good at transporting moisture, creating a wicking action. End-uses include activewear apparel, rope, indoor-outdoor carpets, lawn furniture, and upholstery. Orga

11、ndy A stiffened, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric, with a medium to high yarn count. End-uses include blouses, dresses, and curtains/draperies. Organza A crisp, sheer, lightweight plain weave fabric, with a medium to high yarn count , made of silk, rayon, nylon, or polyester. The fabric i

12、s used primarily in evening and wedding apparel for women. Osnaburg A tough medium to heavyweight coarsely woven plain weave fabric, usually made of a cotton or cotton/poly blend. Lower grades of the unfinished fabric are used for such industrial purposes as bags, sacks, pipe coverings. Higher g

13、rades of finished osnaburg can be found in mattress ticking, slipcovers, workwear, and apparel. Ottoman A tightly woven plain weave ribbed fabric with a hard slightly lustered surface. The ribbed effect is created by weaving a finer silk or manufactured warp yarn with a heavier filler yarn, usua

14、lly made of cotton, wool, or waste yarn. In the construction, the heavier filler yarn is completely covered by the warp yarn, thus creating the ribbed effect. End uses for this fabric include coats, suits, dresses, upholstery, and draperies. Oxford A fine, soft, lightweight woven cotton or blend

15、ed with manufactured fibers in a 2 x 1 basket weave variation of the plain weave construction. The fabric is used primarily in shirtings. Return to Index P Paisley A tear-drop shaped, fancy printed pattern, used in dresses, blouses, and mens ties. Pann Velvet A type of lustrous, lightweig

16、ht velvet fabric, usually made of silk or a manufactured fiber, in which the pile has been flattened in one direction. Peau de Soie A heavy twill weave drapeable satin fabric, made of silk or a manufactured fiber, and used for bridal gowns and eveningwear. Percale A medium weight, plain weav

17、e, low to medium count (180 to 250 threads per square inch) cotton-like fabric. End-uses include sheets, blouses, and dresses. Pile Knit A type of knit construction which utilizes a special yarn or a sliver that is interlooped into a standard knit base. This construction is used in the formation

18、 of imitation fur fabrics, in special liners for cold weather apparel such as jackets and coats, and in some floor coverings. While any basic knit stitch may be used for the base of pile knits, the most common is the jersey stitch. Pile Weave A type of decorative weave in which a pile is formed

19、by additional warp or filling yarns interlaced in such a way that loops are formed on the surface or face of the fabric. The loops may be left uncut, or they may be cut to expose yarn ends and produce cut pile fabric. Pill A tangled ball of fibers that appears on the surface of a fabric, as a re

20、sult of wear or continued friction or rubbing on the surface of the fabric. Piqu A medium-weight fabric, either knit or woven, with raised dobby designs including cords, wales, waffles, or patterns. Woven versions have cords running lengthwise, or in the warp direction. Knitted versions are doub

21、le-knit fabric constructions, created on multi-feed circular knitting machines. Plain Weave A basic weave, utilizing a simple alternate interlacing of warp and filling yarns. Any type of yarn made from any type of fiber can be manufactured into a plain weave fabric. Plied Yarn A twisting tog

22、ether of two or more single yarns in one operation. Pliss A lightweight, plain weave, fabric, made from cotton, rayon, or acetate, and characterized by a puckered striped effect, usually in the warp direction. The crinkled effect is created through the application of a caustic soda solution, whi

23、ch shrinks the fabric in the areas of the fabric where it is applied. Pliss is similar in appearance to seersucker. End-uses include dresses, shirtings, pajamas, and bedspreads. Polyester A manufactured fiber introduced in the early 1950s, and is second only to cotton in worldwide use. Polyester

24、 has high strength (although somewhat lower than nylon), excellent resiliency, and high abrasion resistance. Low absorbency allows the fiber to dry quickly. Polypropylene (also known as polyolefin and Olefin) A manufactured fiber characterized by its light weight, high strength, and abrasion res

25、istance. Polypropylene is also good at transporting moisture, creating a wicking action. End-uses include activewear apparel, rope, indoor-outdoor carpets, lawn furniture, and upholstery. Pongee The most common form is a naturally colored lightweight, plain weave, silk-like fabric with a slubbed

26、 effect. End-uses include blouses, dresses, etc. Poplin A fabric made using a rib variation of the plain weave. The construction is characterized by having a slight ridge effect in one direction, usually the filling. Poplin used to be associated with casual clothing, but as the "world of work" h

27、as become more relaxed, this fabric has developed into a staple of mens wardrobes, being used frequently in casual trousers. Purl Stitch A basic stitch used in weft knitting, which produces knit fabrics that have the same appearance on both sides. The purl stitch is frequently used in combinatio

28、n with the jersey and rib stitches to produce a knitted fabric design. Sweaters, knitted fabrics for infants and childrens wear, knitted fabrics for specialized sportswear, and bulky knit fabrics are commonly made using the purl stitch. Resiliency The ability of a fabric to spring back to its ori

29、ginal shape after being twisted, crushed, wrinkled, or distorted in any way. Rip-stop Nylon A lightweight, wind resistant, and water resistant plain weave fabric. Large rib yarns stop tears without adding excess weight to active sportswear apparel and outdoor equipment such as sleeping bags and

30、tents. Return to Index S Sailcloth Any heavy, plain-weave canvas fabric, usually made of cotton, linen, polyester, jute, nylon, etc. that is used for sails and apparel (i.e. bottomweight sportswear). Saran Fiber A manufactured fiber which has an excellent resistance to sunlight and weathe

31、ring, and is used in lawn furniture, upholstery, and carpets. Sateen Fabric A fabric made from yarns with low luster, such as cotton or other staple length fibers. The fabric has a soft, smooth hand and a gentle, subtle luster. Sateen fabrics are often used for draperies and upholstery. Sateen

32、 Weave A variation of the satin weave, produced by floating fill yarns over warp yarns. Satin Fabric A traditional fabric utilizing a satin weave construction to achieve a lustrous fabric surface. Satin is a traditional fabric for evening and wedding garments. Typical examples of satin weave f

33、abrics include: slipper satin, crepe-back satin, faille satin, bridal satin, moleskin, and antique satin. Satin Weave A basic weave, characterized by long floats of yarn on the face of the fabric. The yarns are interlaced in such a manner that there is no definite, visible pattern of interlacing

34、 and, in this manner, a smooth and somewhat shiny surface effect is achieved. The shiny surface effect is further increased through the use of high luster filament fibers in yarns which also have a low amount of twist. A true satin weave fabric always has the warp yarns floating over filling yarns.

35、 Seersucker A woven fabric which incorporates modification of tension control. In the production of seersucker, some of the warp yarns are held under controlled tension at all times during the weaving, while other warp yarns are in a relaxed state and tend to pucker when the filling yarns are pla

36、ced. The result produces a puckered stripe effect in the fabric. Seersucker is traditionally made into summer sportswear such as shirts, trousers, and informal suits. Selvage or Selvedge The thin compressed edge of a woven fabric which runs parallel to the warp yarns and prevents raveling. It is

37、 usually woven, utilizing tougher yarns and a tighter construction than the rest of the fabric. Serge A fabric with a smooth hand that is created by a two-up, two-down twill weave. Serging An overcasting technique done on the cut edge of a fabric to prevent raveling. Shantung A medium-we

38、ight, plain weave fabric, characterized by a ribbed effect, resulting from slubbed yarns used in the warp or filling direction. End-uses include dresses and suits. Sharkskin A hard-finished, low lustered, medium-weight fabric in a twill-weave construction. It is most commonly found in mens worst

39、ed suitings; however, it can also be found in a plain-weave construction of acetate, triacetate, and rayon for womens sportswear. Silk A natural filament fiber produced by the silkworm in the construction of its cocoon. Most silk is collected from cultivated worms; Tussah silk, or wild

40、silk, is a thicker, shorter fiber produced by worms in their natural habitat. All silk comes from Asia, primarily China. Sisal A strong bast fiber that originates from the leaves of the Agave plant, which is found in the West Indies, Central America, and Africa. End-uses include cordage and twin

41、e. Solution-dyed A type of fiber dyeing in which colored pigments are injected into the spinning solution prior to the extrusion of the fiber through the spinneret. Fibers and yarns colored in this manner are color-fast to most destructive agents. Spandex Fiber A manufactured elastomeric fib

42、er that can be repeatedly stretched over 500% without breaking, and will still recover to its original length. Spinneret A metal nozzle type device with very fine holes used in the spinning process of manufactured fibers. The spinning solution is forced or extruded through the small holes to for

43、m continuous filament fibers. The holes in the spinneret can vary in diameter to produce fibers of various denier. Spot Weave A woven construction in which patterns are built in at spaced intervals through the use of extra warp and/or extra fill yarns are placed in selected areas. These yarns ar

44、e woven into the fabric by means of a dobby or Jacquard attachment. Spun Yarn A yarn made by taking a group of short staple fibers, which have been cut from the longer continuous filament fibers, and then twisting these short staple fibers together to form a single yarn, which is then used for w

45、eaving or knitting fabrics. Staple Fibers Short fibers, typically ranging from 1/2 inch up to 18 inches long. Wool, cotton, and flax exist only as staple fibers. Manufactured staple fibers are cut to a specific length from the continuous filament fiber. Usually the staple fiber is cut in lengths

46、 ranging from 1-1/2 inches to 8 inches long. A group of staple fibers are twisted together to form a yarn, which is then woven or knit into fabrics. Surah A light weight, lustrous twill weave constructed fabric with a silk-like hand. Surah is the fabric of ties, dresses, and furnishings. It is a

47、vailable in silk, polyester, and rayon. Return to Index T Taffeta A lustrous, medium weight, plain weave fabric with a slight ribbed appearance in the filling (crosswise) direction. For formal wear, taffeta is a favorite choice. It provides a crisp hand, with lots of body. Silk taffeta gives

48、the ultimate rustle, but other fibers are also good choices. Tapestry A heavy, often hand-woven, ribbed fabric, featuring an elaborate design depicting a historical or current pictorial display. The weft-faced fabric design is made by using colored filling yarns, only in areas where needed, that

49、 are worked back and forth over spun warp yarns, which are visible on the back. End-uses include wall hangings and upholstery. Tension Control Weave A type of decorative weave, characterized by a puckered effect which occurs because the tension in the warp yarns is intentionally varied before th

50、e filling yarns are placed in the fabric. Terry Cloth A typical uncut pile weave fabric. This fabric is formed by using two sets of warp yarns. One set of warp yarns is under very little tension; when the filling yarns are packed into place, these loose yarns are pushed backward along with the f

51、illing yarns, and loops are formed. Typical uses include towels, robes, and apparel. Terry Velour A pile weave cotton fabric with an uncut pile on one side and a cut pile on the reverse side. Terry velour is valued for its soft, luxurious hand. Typical uses include towels, robes, and apparel.

52、Ticking A tightly woven, very durable fabric, usually made of cotton, and used for covering mattresses, box springs, pillows, and work clothes. The fabric can be made by using a plain, satin, or twill weave construction. Triacetate A manufactured fiber, which like acetate, is made by modifying

53、 cellulose. However, even more acetate groups have been added to create this fiber. Triacetate is less absorbent and less sensitive to high temperatures than acetate. It can be hand or machine washed and tumble dried, with relatively good wrinkle recovery. Tricot Knit A warp knit fabric in which

54、 the fabric is formed by interlooping adjacent parallel yarns. The warp beam holds thousands of yards of yarns in a parallel arrangement, and these yarns are fed into the knitting area simultaneously. Sufficient yarns to produce the final fabric width and length are on the beam. Tricot knits are fre

55、quently used in womens lingerie items such as slips, bras, panties, and nightgowns. Tulle A lightweight, extremely fine, machine-made netting, usually with a hexagon shaped mesh effect. End-uses include dance costumes and veils. Tweed A medium to heavy weight, fluffy, woolen, twill weave fab

56、ric containing colored slubbed yarns. Common end-uses include coats and suits. Twill Weave A basic weave in which the fabrics are constructed by interlacing warp and filling yarns in a progressive alternation which creates a diagonal effect on the face, or right side, of the fabric. In some twil

57、l weave fabrics, the diagonal effect may also be seen clearly on the back side of the fabric. Twist A term that applies to the number of turns and the direction that two yarns are turned during the manufacturing process. The yarn twist brings the fibers close together and makes them compact. It

58、helps the fibers adhere to one another, increasing yarn strength. The direction and amount of yarn twist helps determine appearance, performance, durability of both yarns and the subsequent fabric or textile product. Single yarns may be twisted to the right (S twist) or to the left (Z twist). Genera

59、lly, woolen and worsted yarns are S-twist, while cotton and flax yarns are typically Z-twist. Twist is generally expressed as turns per inch (tpi), turns per meter (tpm), or turns per centimeter (tpc). Return to Index U Return to Index V Velour A medium weight, closely woven fabric with a

60、thick pile. It can be made using either a plain weave or a satin weave construction. It resembles velvet, but has a lower cut pile. End uses include apparel, upholstery, and drapes. Velvet A medium weight cut-pile constructed fabric in which the cut pile stands up very straight. It is woven usin

61、g two sets of warp yarns; the extra set creates the pile. Velvet, a luxurious fabric, is commonly made with a filament fiber for high luster and smooth hand. Velveteen A cotton cut-pile weave fabric, utilizing extra fill yarn construction, with either a twill or a plain weave back. The fabric is

62、 woven with two sets of filling yarns; the extra set creates the pile. Viscose The most common type of rayon. It is produced in much greater quantity than cuprammonium rayon, the other commercial type. Voile A crisp, lightweight, plain weave cotton-like fabric, made with high twist yarns in

63、a high yarn count construction. Similar in appearance to organdy and organza. Used in blouses dresses and curtains. Return to Index W Warp In woven fabric, the yarns that run lengthwise and is interwoven with the fill (weft) yarns. Warp Knit A type of knitted fabric construction in which

64、the yarns are formed into stitches in a lengthwise manner. Warp knits are generally less elastic than weft knits. Common examples of warp knits are tricot knits and raschel knits. Waterproof A term applied to fabrics whose pores have been closed, and therefore, will not allow water or air to pas

65、s through them. Water Repellent A term applied to fabrics that have been treated with a finish which causes them to shed water, but are still air-permeable. Weft In woven fabric, the filling yarns that run perpendicular to the warp yarns. Weft Knit A type of knitted fabric in which yarns

66、 are formed into stitches in widthwise manner. Common examples of weft knits are circular knits and flat knits. Wickability The ability of a fiber or a fabric to disperse moisture and allow it to pass through to the surface of the fabric, so that evaporation can take place. Wool Usually associated with fiber or fabric made from the fleece of sheep or lamb. However, the term "wool" can also apply to all animal hair fibers, including the hair of the Cashmere or Angora goat or