中考必備語法動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

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1、 中考必備語法 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 二、考點(diǎn)跟蹤解讀 1.理解動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)在不同語境中的應(yīng)用和結(jié)構(gòu)變化。 2.掌握相應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞變化形式和常用結(jié)構(gòu)。 3.掌握主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化。 4.掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法。 三、要點(diǎn)精講全解 語態(tài)表明主謂之間的關(guān)系。英語的語態(tài)有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)之分。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。如： He opened the door.他打開了這扇門。（主動(dòng)語態(tài)） The door was opened.這扇門被打開了。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)） （一）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

2、　 被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化： 時(shí)態(tài) 謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am/ is /are ＋p.p.（vt.) （及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞） 一般過去時(shí) was/were 一般將來時(shí) will be 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has been 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am/is are+being 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was/were+ being 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：be（am/ is/ are）+ 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許

3、多人都說英語。 2.一般過去時(shí)：was / were + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 　　My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被偷了?！　? 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：has / have + been + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 　　 Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，已經(jīng)種了二百棵樹了。 　4.一般將來時(shí)：will+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 　A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個(gè)演講。 5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am / is / are + being + 及物動(dòng)詞的

4、過去分詞 　Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 This road was being built this time last year. 這條路去年這個(gè)時(shí)候還在修建。 7.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 　Your homework must be handed in tomorrow. 明天必須交上你的作業(yè)。 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句，須將第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞移至主語之前構(gòu)成。否定句須在

5、助動(dòng)詞之后加not。如： 肯定句：The letter is written in English. 否定句：The letter isn’t written in English. 一般疑問句：Is the letter written in English? （二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法 1. 不知道或沒有必要指出誰是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。如： The bridge was built last year.這座橋是去年建造的。 2.當(dāng)更加強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。此時(shí)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者由by引導(dǎo)置于謂語動(dòng)詞之后，不需要時(shí)可以省略。如： 　 The room hasn’t been cleaned

6、yet.房間還沒有打掃。 （三）主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 1．主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的步驟 分清主句主謂賓，賓變主來主by賓。謂變be done 時(shí)不變，注意數(shù)格抄其余。即： （1）將主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。如果主動(dòng)句的賓語是代詞，將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛！? Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. （2）將動(dòng)詞改為“be+過去分詞”。根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)

7、態(tài)來決定be的形式。 　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by

8、them tomorrow. You must lock the door when you leave.→The door must be locked when you leave. ?。?）將主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的by的賓語。如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如： 　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 　2．主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng) （1）無to的要加to 對于感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, hear等）和使役動(dòng)詞（make等），它們用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，我們要把不帶to的動(dòng)詞

9、不定式前加上to。即：禿頭帶帽。如： I saw him make a face just now. →He was seen to make a face just now. Mother made her stay at home last Sunday.→She was made to stay at home last Sunday. （2）雙賓語要變?nèi)?，變物要加to 或for。 有些動(dòng)詞有雙賓語，間接賓語（指人）和直接賓語（指物）。在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，一般要把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語；但要把直接賓語的變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語時(shí)，在間接賓語前要添加介詞to或for。（buy, ma

10、ke, draw, sing等用for, 其它一般用to）如： I gave him a book yesterday. →He was given a book yesterday. →A book was given to him yesterday. She bought me a bike last week. →I was bought a bike last week. → A bike was bought for me last week. （3）動(dòng)詞詞組是整體，不可省去任何詞。 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但有些不及物動(dòng)詞加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組后，能有

11、自己的賓語，故有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要把動(dòng)詞詞組看作是一個(gè)整體，不可省去其介詞或副詞。 She often takes good care of the babies. →The babies are often taken good care of by her. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. （四）使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題： 1.主語是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 　主語是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，此名詞不能變?yōu)椤癰y”的賓語

12、，應(yīng)在前面加介詞“in，on”或“at”。 如： The factory makes cars.→ Cars are made in the factory. The farm grows rice.→ Rice is grown on the farm. 2. 不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有賓語，若將其用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)則沒有主語，故不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。有些英語中的不及物動(dòng)詞，譯成漢語時(shí)卻可能是“及物”的，很容易出錯(cuò)，如：take place(發(fā)生)，happen(發(fā)生)， appear(出現(xiàn))，disappear(消失)，last(持續(xù))，等。 What will happen

13、 in 100 years？一百年以后將會(huì)發(fā)生什么呢？ 3.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 　英語中有些詞語或句型可以用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，而且這種情況還比較常見。如果我們不注意就有可能會(huì)用錯(cuò)，所以有必要把這種情況做個(gè)了解。下面是主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的一些典型形式。 （1）want, need, require等詞后用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 This shirt needs washing/to be washed.這件襯衣該洗了。 （2連系動(dòng)詞 look, feel, smell, taste, sound,等后加形容詞也表示被動(dòng)意義。 It tastes sweet.這有甜味。 （3

14、）be worth doing something句型中用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 The idea is well worth considering.這個(gè)想法很值得考慮。 （4）不定式做后置定語，且與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與句子主語在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 They have a lot of work to do this week.他們這周有很多工作要做。 （5）當(dāng)不定式前有g(shù)ood, easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, heavy, light, dangerous, safe等形容詞修飾且與句子的邏輯

15、主語是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)意義。 These shoes are not very comfortable to wear.這雙鞋穿起來不太舒服。 （6）有些及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(多表示“靜態(tài)”)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有have, cost, last, own, hold, fit, agree with等。 The party lasted for two hours last night. 晚會(huì)昨天晚上持續(xù)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 （五）初中教材中與被動(dòng)語態(tài)相關(guān)的句型有： 1. be covered with被……覆蓋 2.be made of由……制作（發(fā)生物理變化）

16、 be made from由……制作（發(fā)生化學(xué)變化） be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造 3. be used for被用來…… be used as被當(dāng)作（作為）……來使用 be used to do sth．被用來做某事 4. be filled with 被裝滿 5.It is said that．．．據(jù)說…… It is well known that．．．眾所周知…… 四、思維誤區(qū)警示 （一）考查主動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)意義 【例題解析】 1.（孝感市） These apples _________ well becau

17、se they _________ nice. A. are sold, look　B. sell, lookC. sell, are looked D. are sold, are looked 答案：B。本題考查主動(dòng)形式，被動(dòng)意義。sell和連系動(dòng)詞look沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 2. The library needs , but it’ll have to wait until Sunday. 　　 A. cleaning　 B. be cleaned　 C. clean　 D. being cleaned 　　答案：A. need (實(shí)意) +（to do）sth

18、.，need (情態(tài))+ do；當(dāng)表示“需要被做某事”用need doing sth. 本題考最后一種用法，選A。如有to be cleaned 則也為正確答案。 【易錯(cuò)知識點(diǎn)解析】 look, smell, taste, feel等表示感覺的連系動(dòng)詞；sell作“銷量（好壞）”；be worth doing意為“值得做”；happen / take place; belong to（屬于）等動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。 （二）考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) 【例題解析】 1.（寧波）－Waiter, I’d like some Ninbo Dumplings. －Sorry, sir. N

19、inbo Dumplings_____ only for lunch and dinner. A. serve B. served C. are served D. are serving 答案：C.本題考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，be (am/is/are)+p.p. 2.（天津） －Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? －No, I _________. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t inv

20、ite 答案：B。本題考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 was/were+p.p. 【易錯(cuò)知識點(diǎn)解析】 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“be＋及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（p.p.）.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)是通過be的變化而實(shí)現(xiàn)的，其人稱和數(shù)要和主語一致。 （三）考查主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 【例題解析】 1. （四川）The children ate up all the apples.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） All the apples ________ ________up by the children. 2. （遼寧）People use computer widely in the worl

21、d. （改為同義句） Computers ______widely _______in the world 答案：1. were eaten 2. are, used 【易錯(cuò)知識點(diǎn)解析】 首先把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，再把謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)椋篵e+p.p.,并通過be的變化來表達(dá)不同的時(shí)態(tài)，最后把主動(dòng)句中的主語改為介詞by的賓語。 （四）考查短語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài) 【例題解析】 1. （廣東）A neighbor helped to keep our dogs. It _____while we were on holiday. A. was taken c

22、are B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of 答案：D. take care of是一個(gè)詞組，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)該看作一個(gè)整體。 2. （鹽城）She will take good care of the children．（變被動(dòng)語態(tài)） The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）． 答案： be taken good care of 【易錯(cuò)知識點(diǎn)解析】 短語動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，要將短語動(dòng)詞視為一個(gè)整體，其

23、后的介詞或副詞不能省去。 （五）考查雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 【例題解析】 1. （黔江）Her mother gave her a new pen. （改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） A new pen _______ _______ ______by her mother. 2. She bought me a bike last week. （改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） A bike _____ _____ ____me by her. 答案：1. was given to 2. was bought for 【易錯(cuò)知識點(diǎn)解析】 含雙賓語的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，有兩種方法：①將間接賓語變?yōu)?/p>

24、主語，直接賓語保持不變； ②將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。 （六）考查含有復(fù)合賓語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 【例題解析】 1. （雞西）The poor man was made______in the fields. 　　　Ａ. to work B. work C. working 答案：A。 make sb. do sth.的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是：be made to do sth. 2. （濟(jì)南）The young man was often seen ____by the lake. A. to draw B. to drawin

25、g C. draw D. drew 答案：A。see sb. do sth.的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是：be seen to do sth. 3. （河北）We _______to close the window before we left the lab. A. tell B. told C. are told D. were told 答案： D。 tell sb. to do sth. 的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是be told to do sth. 【易錯(cuò)知識點(diǎn)解析】 一些動(dòng)詞能有自己的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成 “S＋V＋O+OC”。動(dòng)詞用何種語態(tài)，關(guān)鍵取決于動(dòng)詞

26、后是否有賓語，一般有賓語就要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，沒有賓語就要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)中, hear, see , feel等感官動(dòng)詞及l(fā)et, make, have等使役動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。但這些詞在作謂語的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，to 要還原。 【中考演練】 I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. English _________ in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well as America and Britain. A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. spoke 2. —What s

27、hould we do first if we want to develop our village? —A lot of new roads _________, I think. A. must build B. have to build C. must be built D. have built 3. —Please say “I am here” when your name_____, will you? —Yes, Mr. Hu. A. will be called B. calls C. is called D. is called

28、 4. The boy ______ to get supper ready after school． A. was told B. is telling C. were told D. tells 5. －Your coat looks nice．Is it ______ cotton？－Yes. It’s Shanghai. A. made of；made by B. made of；made in C. made for；made by D. made for；made in 6. The telephone __

29、____by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A. was invented B. has been invented C. is invented D. will be invented 7. A talk on developments in science and technology _____ in the school hall next week. A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives 8. This kind of food _____ cool, clean and

30、dry according to the instruction. A. should be carried B. must be put C. should be taken D. must be kept 9. The flowers ____ every day. Or they’ll die. A. must water B. can be watered C. should water D. must be watered 10. Great changes ___ in China during the past 20 years. A. have happened

31、 B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened II.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空. 1. These pictures (take) in Beijing last spring. 2. Both English and French (speak) in Canada. 3. These things can’t (put) in this room. 4. Our time should (make) good use of. 5. He (tell) to do the work just now. 6. I (make)

32、to wash clothes yesterday. 7. The glass (break) by my sister this morning. 8. The sports meeting (hold) in our school next Sunday. 9. Don’t worry about her. She (meet) by her friends as soon as he arrives. 10. The bridge (build) in 2000. III. 按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句，每空一詞。 1.Teachers must take good care of

33、the students．（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） The students must ______ ______good care of. 2. Was he made to stay at home by his parents yesterday? （改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)） Did his parents make______ ______at home yesterday? 3. People plant trees in spring.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） Trees ________ ______in spring.. 4. A famous American writer wro

34、te the book years ago.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)） The book ______ ______by a famous American writer years ago. 5. Ken is often heard to sing in the next room（改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)） We often ______Ken______ in the next room. IV. 將下列句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1. We always keep the reading-room clean. 2. My parents bought me a new computer.

35、 3. His mother made him do the housework. 4. People don’t grow rice in that country. 5. What does the teacher often tell the boys to do? V.根據(jù)漢語完成下面英語句子。 1.Your classroom______ ______ ______（必須打掃）every day. 2.Your homework______ ______ ______（一定要做）at once. 3. A dictionary

36、 （能被用）in the exam． 4.English （應(yīng)當(dāng)講）as much as possible.. 5.What______ ______ ______（可能做）in your English class tomorrow？ 第十章 I. 1－5CCCAB 6－１0ABDDA II. 1. were taken 2. are spoken 3. be put 4.be made 5. was told 6. was made 7. was broken 8. will be

37、hold 9. will be met 10. was built III. 1.be taken 2. him stay 3. are planted 4.was written 5. hear, sing IV. 1. The reading-room is always kept clean by us. 2. A new computer was bought for me. 3. He was made to do the homework. 4. Rice isn’t grown in that country. 5. What are the boys told to do?a V.1.must be cleaned 2. must be done 3. can be used 4.should be spoken 5. may be done 7