2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) There be句型.doc

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2019-2020年高三英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí) There be句型 此句型是由 there + be + 主語(yǔ) + 狀語(yǔ) 構(gòu)成，用以表達(dá)某地存在有，它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be 之后，there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞，并無(wú)實(shí)際意義。Be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致，有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如， 現(xiàn)在有 there is / are … 過(guò)去有 there was / were… 將來(lái)有 there will be…/ there is / are going to be... 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has / have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/ there must have been... 過(guò)去一直有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems / seem / seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen / happens / happened to be …　 此句型有時(shí)可用 live, stand, e, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive,等詞代替be動(dòng)詞。 Eg. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain. There came a shout for "help". There must have been a village here. There lies a book on the desk. 翻譯句子 1. The light is on. There must be someone ion the office. 2 . There used to be a cinema here before the war. 3. There happened to be nobody in the room. 4 Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 5. There remained just twenty-eight dollars. 6 There should be nothing doubtful. 第二課時(shí) 祈使句和感嘆句 一、簡(jiǎn)單句 只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。按照句子的功能，簡(jiǎn)單句可分為4類：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。其中祈使句、疑問(wèn)句中的反意疑問(wèn)句以及感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu)多為考查重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握。以下將對(duì)此作重點(diǎn)分析。 【考點(diǎn)詮釋】 考點(diǎn)l 祈使句的判定和特點(diǎn) 祈使句用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、勸告等。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。其主語(yǔ)是you，往往省略。常見(jiàn)的祈使句句型如下： 1．動(dòng)詞原形…如：①Lay down your arms!放下武器! ②Be sure to get there before eight O’clock．一定要在8點(diǎn)前趕到那兒。 2．Don’t或Never+動(dòng)詞原形．．．。如： Never go out alone at night！不要在夜晚單獨(dú)出去！ 3．Do+動(dòng)詞原形…(此句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào))。如： Do tell her about it．務(wù)必將此事告訴她。 4．主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形…。如： Tom．you go and see what’s happening．湯姆，去看看發(fā)生什么事情了。 You，girls，clean the desk；you，boys，sweep the floor．你們，女生擦桌子。你們，男生，打掃地板。 5．祈使句+and/or+陳述句 (and表示順承關(guān)系，or表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系)。如： ①use your head，and you’11 find a good way．(=If you use your head，you’11 find a good way．)動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋，你會(huì)找到一種好辦法的。 ②Hurry up，or we’11 be late．(=If we don’t hurry up，we’11 be late．)快點(diǎn)不然我們就遲到了。 6．Be so kind/good as+不定式…(此句型用來(lái)表達(dá)客氣的請(qǐng)求，so kind/good as相當(dāng)于kind/good enough)。如：Be kind enough to lend me your dictionary．請(qǐng)把你的字典借給我吧。 考點(diǎn)2 反意疑問(wèn)句 1．基本結(jié)構(gòu) 如陳述部分為肯定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為否定形式；如陳述部分為否定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句為肯定形式。如： ①I(mǎi)t is a fine day，isn’t it?今天是個(gè)好天氣，不是嗎? ②He isn’t a teacher，is he?他不是老師，對(duì)嗎? 特別提示 前半部分為否定形式的反意疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同。如：一Tom doesn’t know it．does he?湯姆不知道這事，對(duì)吧? 一No．he doesn’t．/Yes，he does．對(duì)，他不知道。/不，他知道。 2．陳述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing…”等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí)，這部分應(yīng)視為否定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句就用肯定形式。如： He was hardly twelve then，was he?他當(dāng)時(shí)幾乎不到十二歲，是嗎? 3. 陳述部分含有帶”否定”前綴的詞，則這部分應(yīng)看做肯定形式，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句就用否定形式如： she dislikes the way you work，doesn’t she?她不喜歡你的工作方式，對(duì)嗎? 4．祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句 肯定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用will you/won’t you；否定的祈使句，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用will you。如： Have a little more coffee．will you/won’t you?再來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡，好嗎? 5．陳述部分含有must表推測(cè)時(shí)的反意疑問(wèn)句 陳述部分中的must表”一定，想必”等推測(cè)意義時(shí)，要根據(jù)陳述句部分的真實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，在簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句中采用與其相符合的助動(dòng)詞形式。 (1)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)：You must be hungry now，aren’t you?你此刻一定很餓，對(duì)吧?=I’m sure you’re hungry now，aren’t you? (2)對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的推測(cè)：He must be watching TV now，isn’t he?他現(xiàn)在一定在看電視，對(duì)嗎?：I’m sure he is watching TV now，isn’t he? (3)對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的推測(cè)：Tom must have lived here for a long time．hasn’t he? Tom一定在這兒生活了很久，對(duì)嗎?=I’m sure Tom has lived here for a long time，hasn’t he? (4)對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)：She must have arrived yesterday，didn’t she?她昨天一定來(lái)了，對(duì)嗎?=I’m sure she arrived yesterday，didn’t she?(陳述部分有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday) 6．陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為this/that/everything等時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用it。如： Everything is all right，isn’t it?一切準(zhǔn)備就緒，是嗎? 7．陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為everyone/everybody/anyone/anybody/nobody/no one/someone等時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用he，口語(yǔ)中也用they。如： Everyone knows the answer，doesn’t he/don’t they?每個(gè)人都知道這個(gè)答案，對(duì)嗎? 9．陳述部分是there be句型時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)用there。如： There used to be a village near the mountain，usedn’t there?山的旁邊曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)山村，是嗎? 10．在復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句中，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主謂語(yǔ)須與主句的主謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如： It is the first time that you have e here，isn’t it?你是第一次來(lái)這兒，對(duì)嗎7 特別提示 如果陳述部分是I/We don’t think/believe/suppose/imagine+賓語(yǔ)從句，則簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)要與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如： I don’t think he is forty，is he?我認(rèn)為他沒(méi)有四十歲，是嗎? 考點(diǎn)3感嘆句 感嘆句常表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的驚訝、喜悅、氣憤等情緒。感嘆句常有以下幾種情形： 1．what式感嘆句 (1)What+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： What a wonderful time we had yesterday!昨天我們玩得多開(kāi)心呀! (2)What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： What beautiful flowers they are!多美的花兒啊! (3)What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： What fine weather it is!多好的天氣啊! 2．how式感嘆句 (1)How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： How clever she is!她多么聰明呀! (2)How+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： How strange a feeling it was!多么奇怪的一種感情啊! 3．省略式感嘆句 (1)how直接修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!如： How we love our motherland!我們是多么熱愛(ài)自己的祖國(guó)啊! (2)省略主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。如： What an interesting book!多有趣的一本書(shū)啊! 4．特殊式感嘆句 ①The design and the colours!多美的圖案和色彩! ②To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!竟然把那樣一套衣服賣給了一個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁! 第三課時(shí) 高考鏈接（針對(duì)性練習(xí)） 【高考鏈接】 1、Sallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre，______？ A．hasnt she B．has she C．isnt she 　 D．is she 2、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，______？ A．is he B．isnt he C．must he D．mustnt he 3、Please do me a favor—______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight. A．to invite 　　 B．inviting 　　 C．invite 　　 D．invited 4、 You and I could hardly work together，______？ A．could you 　　 B．couldnt I C．couldnt we 　D．could we 5、______ a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. A．It has 　　　 B．They have C．It remains 　D．There remains 6、Its the first time that he has been to Australia，______？ A．isnt he B．hasnt he C．isnt it D．hasnt it 7、The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. ______ it was! A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene 8、He must be helping the old man to water the flowers，______？ A．is he B．isnt he C．must he D．mustnt he 9、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back on the shelf,__________ ? A. do you B. don’t you C. will you D. won’t you 第四課時(shí) 句子成分 （一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)；次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。 （二）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問(wèn)句（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has bee more and more popular.（名詞） We often speak English in class.（代詞） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數(shù)詞） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（動(dòng)名詞） The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語(yǔ)從句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式） （三）謂語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下： 1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：（1）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：We are students. （四）表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, bee, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞及表語(yǔ)從句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞） Is it yours?（代詞） The weather has turned cold.（形容詞） The speech is exciting.（分詞） Three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（愛(ài)好）is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞） The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語(yǔ)） Time is up. The class is over.（副詞） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句） （五）賓語(yǔ)：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞） The heavy rain prevented me form ing to school on time.（代詞） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數(shù)詞） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語(yǔ)） I enjoy listening to popular music.（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語(yǔ)從句） 賓語(yǔ)種類：（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：They elected him their monitor. （六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如make等+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和從句充當(dāng)。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名詞） They painted their boat white.（形容詞） Let the fresh air in.（副詞） You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語(yǔ)） We saw her entering the room.（現(xiàn)在分詞） We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語(yǔ)） We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句） （七）定語(yǔ)：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動(dòng)名詞） He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語(yǔ)） （八）狀語(yǔ)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語(yǔ)） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語(yǔ)） He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語(yǔ)） Wait a minute.（名詞） Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語(yǔ)從句） 狀語(yǔ)種類如下： How about meeting again at six?（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語(yǔ)） I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（條件狀語(yǔ)） Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語(yǔ)） She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語(yǔ)） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)） She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語(yǔ)） I am taller than he is.（比較狀語(yǔ)） 第五課時(shí) 句子成分練習(xí) 練習(xí)一 一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to bee a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 二、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的主語(yǔ)（—）、謂語(yǔ)（＝）、賓語(yǔ)（～）： I hope you are very well. Im fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesnt often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 三、用符號(hào)劃出下列短文各句中的定語(yǔ)（—）、狀語(yǔ)（＝）、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（～）： Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. Its great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 第六課時(shí) 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句 （一）句子種類兩種分類法 1、按句子的用途可分四種： 1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2）疑問(wèn)句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種： 1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. （二）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型 1、主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)：e.g. He is a student. 2、主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞：e.g. We work. 3、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）：e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。 （三）并列句的分類 1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等連接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. 2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 練習(xí)二、簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句 一、判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句： 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and e back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句： I hope you are very well（ ）. Im fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here （ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）. Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. Its great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）. 三、按要求完成下列句子： 1. He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句） 2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)） 3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑問(wèn)） 4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句） 5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句) 6. It is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句） 7. This magazine es out（出版）every other week.（對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)） 8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑問(wèn)） 9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句） 10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn)） 第7課時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在一般過(guò)去時(shí) 英語(yǔ)中表示不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動(dòng)詞形式表示，這種不同的動(dòng)詞形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)（tense）。 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，按動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，可分為現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去、將來(lái)和過(guò)去將來(lái)四個(gè)時(shí)間；按動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式，又可分為一般式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和完成進(jìn)行式四種類型。每一種時(shí)態(tài)與每一種類型相結(jié)合，組成了英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的整個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)體系 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1. 構(gòu)成 肯定 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形（如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，動(dòng)詞上要加（e）S） 主語(yǔ)+am/is/are +表語(yǔ) 否定： 疑問(wèn)： I usually go to school at 6:00 am He is a teacher. 2、用法 （1）表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的行為或狀態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的行為或狀態(tài)，常與usually, always, every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 He always sleeps with the windows open. I play ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. （2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的性格、特征、能力等。 He works hard .他工作很努力 Does he like sports? 他愛(ài)好運(yùn)動(dòng)嗎？ （3）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理，也用在格言中。 The sun rises in the east.太陽(yáng)從東方升起。Actions speak louder than words.百說(shuō)不如一干。 注意：主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，但賓語(yǔ)從句中如果所說(shuō)的是客觀真理，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun.伽利略堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 （4）在時(shí)間、條件、比較等狀語(yǔ)從句中表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作 從句一般由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引導(dǎo)。 The volleyball match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球賽將推遲。 The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he arrives. Ill begin the dictation when you are ready.如果你們準(zhǔn)備好，我就開(kāi)始聽(tīng)寫(xiě)。 When they leave school, they will go to college.中學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他們?nèi)ド洗髮W(xué)。 （5）表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，只限少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞：go, e, leave, start等。 The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning. The summer holidays begin next week. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)： 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成 肯定 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 主語(yǔ)+was/were 否定 疑問(wèn) He usually went to school by bike last year. He was tired after a long walk. 2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 （1）表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 常有明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 Tom didnt e to class yesterday. We went to dance last night. -Hello! I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 喂!我不知道你在倫敦。你來(lái)多久了？ -Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 請(qǐng)你再把電話號(hào)碼說(shuō)一遍好嗎？我剛才沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚。 -It is 9568442. 9568442。 -Oh, it’s you! I din’t recognize you.哇，是你呀！我沒(méi)認(rèn)出你來(lái)。 -Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.我剛理了發(fā)，而且我還帶著新眼鏡。 -You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? 布倫達(dá)，你還沒(méi)說(shuō)我的新上衣怎么樣呢，喜歡嗎？ -I’m sorry I didn’t say anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.對(duì)不起，我還沒(méi)顧上。我認(rèn)為穿在你身上當(dāng)然好看。 （2表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常與often，usually，seldom等表示頻度的副詞連用。 When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there. I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 注意：表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可用used to 或would加動(dòng)詞原形表示。 When I stayed at Aunt Lius ,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.當(dāng)我住在劉大娘家時(shí)她常常告訴我解放以來(lái)農(nóng)村發(fā)生的巨大變化。 She used to go for a walk after supper, but now she prefers to stay at home.她過(guò)去晚飯后總出去散步，但現(xiàn)在她卻喜歡呆在家里。 （3）用來(lái)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 在條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book. He said he would not go if it rained.他說(shuō)如果天下雨就不去了。 第8課時(shí) 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)： 一、 單選 1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital. A work works B works work C work are working D is working work 2 One of the boys_____ a black hat. A have B there is C there are D has 3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow. A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain 4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 6 Jenny____ English every evening. A has study B studies C study D studied 7..—When back?—I came back just now. A. did you e B. have you e C. will you e D. are you going to e 8 We