（新課改省份專用）2020高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit 1 Great scientists課下作業(yè)（一-三）（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 1 Great scientists 課下作業(yè)（一~三） 課下作業(yè)（一） 考點(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān)針對(duì)練 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．We will have to adopt a more scientific (科學(xué)的) approach to preserve the traditional customs. 2．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle (處理) the problem. 3．Researchers find cures (治療方法) for certain diseases often by using the forests plant and animal life. 4．(2017江蘇高考)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges (挑戰(zhàn)) from the modern market. 5．Our team was defeated (打敗) last night, which made us sad and disappointed. 6．If you have a(n)positive (積極的) attitude towards your work, you will feel happy. 7．William tried to join the basketball club but was rejected (拒絕) because of his poor health. 8．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Some language experts (專家) believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. 9．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed (使專心) in conversation. 10．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)He said the lucky woman will be announced (公布) on the website and the trip will be shared online. Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)法填空 1．Black was ?severely (severe) ill because of ?being_exposed (expose) to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him ?of his disease, the experts announced that the virus ?were_defeated (defeat) but he needed ?attending (attend) for a week before he fully recovered.It was said that mosquitoes carrying the virus were ?to_blame (blame)． 2．Li Pings English teacher is very strict ?with her and he often encourages her to read some English articles every day, neither too long ?nor too short.And in this way, Li Ping ?has_absorbed (absorb) a lot from reading.Every time Li Ping attends the English speech contest, he always ?instructs (instruction) her patiently.With the help of her teacher, Li Ping has made rapid progress.When faced with difficulties and ?challenges (challenge), she never gives up. 3．Now, we are all certain of what is to blame ?for his poor health.In ?conclusion (conclude), years of being exposed ?to the cold climate as well as all the hard work has contributed ?to his poor health, ?which absorbs our attention.However, his contributions to the development of space will inspire us. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子 1．每次我聽(tīng)到那首英文歌，我就禁不住想起我在澳大利亞的那些日子。(every time) Every_time_I_hear_the_English_song,_I cant help thinking of the days when I was in Australia. 2．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))我確信它會(huì)吸引你，因?yàn)槟阋恢睙嶂杂隗w育運(yùn)動(dòng)。(enthusiastic) Im sure it will appeal to you, for youve_been_enthusiastic_about_sports. 3．我是一名中國(guó)學(xué)生，我打算在假期去英國(guó)參加一個(gè)暑期學(xué)習(xí)班。(attend) I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to_attend_a_summer_school during the vacation. 4．只有當(dāng)人們和睦相處時(shí)，我們才能有一個(gè)和諧的社會(huì)。(only if ...) Only if people live in harmony with each other can_we_have a harmonious society. 5．這個(gè)老師和他的學(xué)生都沒(méi)有碰到過(guò)這么難的問(wèn)題。(neither ... nor ...) Neither_the_teacher_nor_his_students_have_e_across such a difficult problem. Ⅳ.語(yǔ)境辨義 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出動(dòng)詞attend的詞義 1．On his deathbed the General was attended by several doctors.__C__ 2．You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend an international meeting.__B__ 3．She hadnt been attending during the lesson.__A__ 課下作業(yè)（二） 話題閱讀培優(yōu)練 Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空 Tu Youyou, ?the_first_Chinese_woman_to_win_the_Nobel_Prize (第一個(gè)獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)女性) in science, has made us all proud.Tu, born in 1930, discovered artemisinin(青蒿素), a drug that has reduced the death rates for patients who ?were_exposed (expose) to malaria(瘧疾)．Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine. Tus winning the prize shows that China has ?made_rapid_progress_in (在……方面進(jìn)步很快) scientific and technological field and marks great ?contributions (contribute) of traditional Chinese medicine to the cause of human health. After graduation, she ?was_absorbed (absorb) in studying traditional Chinese medicine and wanted to find a cure for malaria.In her study process, though ?defeated (defeat) many times, she never gave up.At last she ?put_forward_many_advanced_theories (提出許多先進(jìn)的方法) and her discovery made a great contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. From her, I realize that only if one can do something successfully in life does it ?make_sense (有意義)． Ⅱ.片段選詞填空 break out， bee involved in， remain， thanks to， for peace， achievement， strengthen， as well as， receive the Nobel Peace Prize， put an end to Bertha von Suttner was the first woman to ?receive_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize in 1905.She met Alfred Nobel, a rich millionaire, by answering his newspaper ad for a secretary.Although she only worked for him for a few weeks, she ?remained good friends with Alfred Nobel for the next 20 years.When she ?became_involved_in the peace movement in Europe, she promised to keep Nobel informed of its progress.When Alfred Nobel died in 1896, his will included the establishment of a peace prize, ?thanks_to Bertha von Suttners influence. Bertha von Suttner was born in a rich family, but she spent the second half of her life working ?for_peace.She wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies in Austria, Germany and Hungary, ?as_well_as the International Peace Bureau in Switzerland. Bertha von Suttner worked so hard for peace because she believed that a terrible war would ?break_out in Europe if nations didnt work hard to establish lasting peace institutions.She made many major ?achievements for a more peaceful world, but two months after she died, World War Ⅰ broke out.But like Bertha von Suttner did, many today are working hard around the world to help ?strengthen peace institutions and spread the idea that its time to ?put_an_end_to war. 課下作業(yè)（三） 高考語(yǔ)篇提能練 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019鄭州第二次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Eight years before his death in 1896, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary (訃告) in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludvig, who had recently died. Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary：The merchant of death is dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer (武器制造商)． This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？ It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest (追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives. However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest (抗議) at the award of the Peace Prize when not everyone thinks that the awardwinners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award mittee often neglects important writers.The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy. Still, for the most part the awards dont cause many plaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners — among them, Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King Jr.— have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered. 1.How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper? A．Sad and worried. B．Shocked and upset. C．Surprised and confused. D．Amused and puzzled. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，當(dāng)Alfred Nobel看到報(bào)紙上的這則訃告的時(shí)候，非常吃驚。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，他不只是吃驚，而且還很生氣，故選B。 2．What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary? A．Seek excellence in the sciences. B．Donate all his money to the charity. C．Stop producing any killing weapons. D．Set up the Nobel prizes with his money. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“It was this thought that led him to leave his money — a huge amount of it — for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.”可知，阿爾弗雷德諾貝爾看到這則訃告之后，想了很多，最終決定把他大筆的錢用于設(shè)立著名的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，故選D。 3．Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust? A．To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes. B．To give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners. C．To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes. D．To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award mittee often neglects important writers.”(即便是諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)有時(shí)候也會(huì)受到批評(píng)，因?yàn)楠?jiǎng)項(xiàng)委員會(huì)經(jīng)常會(huì)忽視重要的作家。)可知，作者以這兩個(gè)人為例，是為了說(shuō)明有時(shí)諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)是存在爭(zhēng)議的。 4．What does the author think of the Nobel prizes? A．There should be more female winners. B．There are too many controversial winners. C．They have honored many worthy winners. D．The mittee should be more selective. 解析：選C　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“few would disagree that most of the prizewinners ...deserve to be honored and remembered”可知，作者認(rèn)為諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)了很多值得贊賞的人，故選C。 B (2019重慶第二次調(diào)研)You have just won five million yuan in a lottery (彩票) — how would you spend it? Before you know it, ten minutes has gone on daydreaming.There is a time and a place for daydreaming, but we dont have much control over that.Isnt it worrying that an estimated 30 to 50 percent of our waking time is spent daydreaming? What if your dentist is having that lottery daydream while removing your rotten tooth? Some studies suggest daydreaming makes us unhappy because we are not focusing on what is around us but are instead thinking about the past or future.However, a recent study published in the journal Neuropsychologia finds that mindwandering can be of benefit to us.The researchers measured the brain patterns of more than 100 people using an MRI (核磁共振成像) scanner.This data was pared with tests on creative ability and a questionnaire on how much their minds usually wandered.Those whose minds wandered the most scored higher in creative ability tests and had more efficient brain systems measured in the MRI machine. Being efficient at mindwandering means you can_zone_out and then naturally tune back in without missing any important point or step.Christine Godwin, the lead author of the latest study from the Georgia Institute of Technology, says that if you are focusing on difficult tasks, your performance will drop if your mind wanders.But when tasks are easy, people who have high cognitive ability can let their minds wander because it does not affect their performance.You may be thinking about uping goals or problemsolving.These are some of the positive sides to mindwandering. Mindwandering can vary between being more practical or more emotional.What mindwandering seems to be best at, researchers say, is ing up with new solutions to old problems.So, its not always a waste of time! 5．The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________. A．explanation B．introduction C．ment D．background 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，本段引出了“做白日夢(mèng)”即思維漫游這個(gè)話題，故選B項(xiàng)。 6．The study published in Neuropsychologia shows that ________. A．daydreaming makes us unhappy B．we are focusing on the past or future C．mindwandering is related to creative ability D．the MRI scanner is helpful in measuring the brain patterns 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“However, a recent study ...Those whose minds wandered the most scored higher in creative ability tests”可知，《神經(jīng)心理學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，思維漫游對(duì)人們有好處，那些思維漫游最多的人在創(chuàng)造力測(cè)試中得分更高，故C項(xiàng)“思維漫游和創(chuàng)造力有關(guān)”符合文意。 7．What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Get distracted. B．Focus on. C．Be affected. D．Have control. 解析：選A　詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線短語(yǔ)后的“and then naturally tune back in without missing any important point or step”意為“然后自然地調(diào)整回來(lái)，而不遺漏任何重要的觀點(diǎn)或步驟”，據(jù)此可推知，zone out意為“走神，分心”，故選A項(xiàng)。 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Mindwandering might be dangerous. B．Daydreaming might bring benefits. C．Mindwandering is not a waste of time. D．Daydreaming is hard to be controlled. 解析：選B　主旨大意題。通讀全文特別是根據(jù)第二段中的“However, a recent study published in the journal Neuropsychologica finds that mindwandering can be of benefit to us.”可知，思維漫游對(duì)人們有好處。故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.完形填空 On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help.A woman — in her attempt to give __1__ to an ambulance — had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car __2__.She couldnt move the car in any __3__ without damaging it.A couple of people tried to __4__ the car back but the obstacles were too high. The woman in the car tried to __5__ some service, and was told it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there. Seeing this, I could imagine how __6__ that would be if I were in her shoes.After some talking, she __7__ me to sit inside her car. I tried to __8__ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __9__.But actually it wasnt too much trouble since they could still pass, and also there wasnt anything she could do about it __10__. I told jokes and we laughed together. Finally __11__ came and helped her back on the street. She thanked me and asked for my phone number so she could return the __12__， but I told her it was okay.She seemed to feel much __13__ when we said our goodbyes.I believe that not having to face a difficult situation __14__ can make a lot of__15__. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者安慰并幫助一位在馬路上因?yàn)榻o救護(hù)車讓行而陷入困境的女士的故事。 1．A.signal　　　　　　　 　B．way C．time D．help 解析：選B　一位女士試圖給一輛救護(hù)車讓行。give way to ... “讓行”，為固定搭配。故選B。 2．A.stuck B．broken C．dirty D．a(chǎn)bandoned 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文“She couldnt move the car”可推知，因?yàn)榻o救護(hù)車讓行，這位女士的車卡(stuck)在那里不能移動(dòng)。 3．A.sense B．minute C．direction D．line 解析：選C　在不損壞車的情況下，無(wú)論往哪個(gè)方向(direction)都無(wú)法移動(dòng)。 4．A.lift B．hold C．pull D．drive 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文“She couldnt move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，車子卡在那里，障礙物太高，不能被抬(lift)回來(lái)。 5．A.offer B．seek C．refuse D．take 解析：選B　那位女士在車?yán)镌噲D尋求(seek)一些能提供幫助的服務(wù)。 6．A.amazing B．pleasant C．uneasy D．incredible 解析：選C　根據(jù)上文可知，那位女士的車被卡在障礙物上，其他人又幫不上忙，作者將心比心，覺(jué)得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)。 7．A.forced B．invited C．ordered D．a(chǎn)llowed 解析：選B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，那位女士邀請(qǐng)(invited)作者坐進(jìn)她的車?yán)铩? 8．A.persuade B．fort C．frighten D．satisfy 解析：選B　根據(jù)空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others ___9__”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦慮不安，作者試圖寬慰(fort)她。 9．A.trouble B．disbelief C．a(chǎn)nxiety D．embarrassment 解析：選A　根據(jù)下文中的“But actually it wasnt too much trouble since they could still pass”可推知，那位女士為給他人帶來(lái)麻煩(trouble)而感到焦慮不安。 10．A.anyway B．therefore C．still D．somehow 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文“She couldnt move the car in any __3___ without damaging it.”可推知，無(wú)論如何(anyway)，那位女士對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)那種情況也是無(wú)能為力的。 11．A.news B．my partner C．a(chǎn)ssistance D．a(chǎn)n ambulance 解析：選C　根據(jù)空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最終援助(assistance)到了，幫那位女士回到了路上。 12．A.car B．pany C．favor D．picnic 解析：選C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，那位女士想要作者的電話號(hào)碼，以回報(bào)作者的幫助(favor)。 13．A.nervous B．unwilling C．disappointed D．better 解析：選D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，那位女士從困境中解脫出來(lái)，感覺(jué)比之前好了許多。故D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 14．A.alone B．bravely C．bitterly D．directly 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文可知，由于作者的幫助和安慰，那位女士最終心情變得好了許多，由此可推知，她當(dāng)時(shí)不是獨(dú)自(alone)面對(duì)困境。 15．A.decision B．fortune C．choice D．difference 解析：選D　根據(jù)上文可知，作者認(rèn)為不用獨(dú)自面對(duì)困境可以產(chǎn)生很大影響(difference)。