語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)二：主謂一致

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1、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)二、主謂一致 在英語(yǔ)句子里，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規(guī)律，大致可歸納為三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。 （一）語(yǔ)法一致原則：語(yǔ)法上一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。 1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very importan

2、t for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由連接詞and或both … and連接起來(lái)

3、的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意：① 若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前如果分別有no, each, every more

4、than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it. 3、主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr Green, to

5、gether with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意：① 在口語(yǔ)中當(dāng)ei

6、ther或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（或代詞）”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù)；若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America. 5、在定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He

7、 is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police ar

8、e looking for the lost child. 7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意： a number of“

9、許多”，作定語(yǔ)修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；the number of“…的數(shù)量”，主語(yǔ)是number，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 8、在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. （二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語(yǔ)的意義一致（因有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。 1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù)

10、，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式， 這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英語(yǔ)是書(shū)名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting

11、 story-book. 4、表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式（也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6、一些學(xué)科名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬于形

12、式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study. 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8、“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類(lèi)人

13、時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 （三）就近一致原則：在英語(yǔ)句子中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 1、當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2、there be句型be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的

14、主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.. 注意：Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。 練習(xí)：主謂一致 1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. A.am B.is C.are D.be 2. The rich ____ not always happy. A.are

15、 B.is C.has D.have 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students. A.are B.am C.is D.was 4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China. A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study 5. Neither

16、my father nor I ____ at home. A.am B.is C.are D.be 6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters., A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is 7. Every boy and every girl ____ to attend the eveni

17、ng party. A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like 8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants. A.was B.is C. would be D.are 9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world. A.is

18、 B.are C.has D.have 10. Every means ____ tried but without any result. A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been 11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. wer

19、e punished D. being punished 12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon. A.is B.was C.are D.is being 13. The great writer and professor____. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. i

20、s an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. A.are B.is C.has D.have 15. A large number of students in our class____ girls. A. are B. was C. is D

21、. be 16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn t change B.dont change C.change D.changed 17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English. A. is B. are C. was D. were 18.

22、Chairman Mao s works ____ published. A. has been B.have been C.was D.is 19. A chemical works____ built there. A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been 20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years. A.is;four B.are;four

23、 C.is;five D.are;five 21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world. A.is B.are C.was D.were 22.He is the only one of the students who ____ elected. A. are B.have C.has D.is 23.Th

24、is is is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked. A.have B.has C. have been D.has been 24.Many a man ____ come to help us. A.have B.has C.is D.are 25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said. A.is

25、;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are 26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching 27.Your trousers____ dirty.Y

26、ou must have____ washed. A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them 28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him. A.is B.be C.are D.were 29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table. A.is B.are C.has

27、 D.have 30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four. A.is B.are C.get D.equal 31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes 32.____of the money____ run out. A. Three-fifth; has

28、 B. Three-fifth; has been C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have 33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively. A. are listening to B. is listening to C.are listening D. is listening 34.1 have finished

29、a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult. A.is B.are C.was D.were 35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building. A.stand B.stands C. standing D.are 36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.

30、 A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need 37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all. A. is B.was C.are D.all 38.What we need____ good textbooks. A.is B.are C.have D.has

31、 39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing. A.have something to at B. has something to do with C.had something to do with D.has been something to do with 40. More than one member ____ against the plan. A. is B.are C.has

32、 D.have 41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. A. has not decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. have not decided 42. Half of the fruit ____ bad. A. are B. has C. is D. have

33、43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 44. Mathematics ____ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 45. My family ____ small. A. is B. were C. are D. makes 46. The following ____ some other examp

34、les. A. are B. is C. was D. were 47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active. A. is B. will be C. was D. are 48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country. A. is B. are C. was D. has 49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit. A. are B. i

35、s C. were D. was 50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training. A. was B. is C. are D. were 51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening. A. is B. am C. are D. be 52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening

36、. A. is B. am C. are D. be 53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here. A. are B. were C. is D. will 54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member. A. are B. were C. will D. is 55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____

37、watching TV. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow. A. is B. am C. are D. be 57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside. A. is B. are C. is from D. are from 58. Many a man ____ the novel. A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read 59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon. A. is B. was C. are D. were 60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you. A. are B. is C. was D. were 14