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1、高效高效語語法法復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)篇篇 第第1212節(jié)節(jié) 特殊句式特殊句式 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 1如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞使用的是現(xiàn)在范疇的時(shí)態(tài)用It isthat。如果原句中謂語動(dòng)詞為過去范疇的時(shí)態(tài)則用It wasthat。有時(shí)be前可以使用表示推測的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句。It is not everyone that can draw well.不是每個(gè)人都能畫得好的。It was for his eyes that we asked him not to read in the sun.我們是為他的眼睛著想才叫他不要在太陽下看書的。It must be Jack who let out the secret.肯定是杰
2、克泄露了秘密。2強(qiáng)調(diào)主語用人稱代詞主格，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語用賓格。It was I who gave you the book.(不用me)是我給了你這本書。It was him that they telephoned.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語用賓格)他們打電話給了他。3即使被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是句子中的時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語等，也不能用when，where, because, 要用that。It was in Athens that the 2004 Olympic Games were held.2004年奧運(yùn)會(huì)是在雅典舉行的。4如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分有同位語，同位語也應(yīng)提前。It was from him, our E
3、nglish teacher, that we learned this English song.我們從英語老師那學(xué)會(huì)了這首英文歌。5當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是notuntil句型時(shí)，應(yīng)將not置于until之前，主句由否定句改為肯定句。We didnt recognize her until she took off her glasses.直到她取下眼鏡我們才認(rèn)出她。It was not until she took off her glasses that we recognized her. 注意與下面一句的區(qū)別：此句為not位于句首，要主謂倒裝。Not until she took off he
4、r glasses did we recognize her.6疑問句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其一般疑問句形式是：Is/Was it被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分who/that？其特殊疑問句形式是：疑問詞is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分that？Was it in the classroom that the meeting was held?會(huì)議是在教室里舉行的嗎？Who was it that broke the vase?是誰打碎了花瓶？7與定語從句連用的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Was it in the house where his grandfather once lived that they found the old pict
5、ure?他們是在他祖父曾經(jīng)住過的房子里找到那張舊照片的嗎？ Where did you meet him?你在哪遇到他的？ It was in the hotel where he stayed.在他住的旅館里。(本句后省略了that I met him)8與其他狀語從句的區(qū)別It was at 7 oclock that I arrived. (強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語at 7 oclock )It was 7 oclock when I arrived.(when時(shí)間狀語從句。在7 oclock前無介詞at)主要搞清楚的一點(diǎn)是：強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中去掉It is/wasthat后仍然是一個(gè)完整的句子。
6、而其他句型則不行。9英語中常用助動(dòng)詞do、does或did強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didnt find you. 他昨天確實(shí)去了機(jī)場，但他沒有找到你?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. It was in the classroom _ he studied that I met him.2. It is his mother _ often encourages him to try his best.3. It was the news _ her father would come back that made the gir
7、l excited.4. It was at 5 oclock _ the teacher got up yesterday.5. He _ do that bad things to his brother last week.答案：答案：1. where2. who/that3. that4. that5. did1. Was it under the tree _ you were away talking to a friend? Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone. A. that B. where C. which
8、D. while【分析】D此題很容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。其實(shí)此題的最佳答案是D。做好此題的關(guān)鍵是正確理解句中 it 的用法和意思。從上下文的語境來看，句中的 it 應(yīng)是代詞，指代 the bike，句意為：“當(dāng)你離開去同朋友談話的時(shí)候，你的自行車是在這樹下嗎？”“肯定是的，但當(dāng)我回來時(shí)，自行車就不見了?！?. It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan. A. which B. as C. that D. what【分析】C此題容易誤選A，受空格前逗號(hào)的影響，誤認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，從而誤選了A。其實(shí)，此題
9、最佳答案為C，整個(gè)句子為一個(gè) it wasthat 強(qiáng)調(diào)句，被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分為 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入 not of effort這一結(jié)構(gòu)，干擾了許多同學(xué)對 it was lack of money that defeated their plan這一強(qiáng)調(diào)句的認(rèn)識(shí)和分析。3. An awful accident _， however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. has to D. had to【分析】B此題正確答案應(yīng)選B，句末的 the other day 意為“前幾天”，所以句子應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)，而選項(xiàng)
10、D填進(jìn)去不合題意。此句有兩個(gè)難點(diǎn)：一是句中插有 however 一詞，分散了同學(xué)們的注意力；二是所填選項(xiàng)B為許多同學(xué)所不熟悉的強(qiáng)調(diào)用法。倒 裝 高考湖南卷的單選題中倒裝幾乎每年必考，通常每年一道題。1here, there, away, in, out, down, up, off, back, now, then等在句首時(shí)是全部倒裝。2介詞短語或方位名詞詞組作地點(diǎn)狀語位于句首，是全部倒裝。注意：以上兩種完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語必須是名詞，謂語常是表示方位或轉(zhuǎn)移的不及物動(dòng)詞，如lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, rise, walk, run等，主語若是人稱代
11、詞或謂語不屬上述動(dòng)詞之列，則不用完全倒裝。Here it rains a lot every month of the year.今年本地區(qū)每月雨量充裕。 3代詞such作表語，意為“這樣的人”、“這樣的物”，應(yīng)置于句首，其后全部倒裝。Such were the facts.事實(shí)就是這樣。4only修飾動(dòng)詞、介詞短語、狀語從句，并置于句首時(shí)，主句中是部分倒裝。Only when the rain stopped did the match start again.雨停后比賽才能開始。注意：“only名詞/代詞”置于句首不要倒裝。Only he can do it.只有他才會(huì)這么干。5否定意義的
12、副詞，如：not, never, neither, nor, seldom, hardly, little等置于句首時(shí)，是部分倒裝。Hardly can I believe that.我絕不相信。6not onlybut (also)連接兩個(gè)分句，not only置于句首，它所引導(dǎo)的這部分要部分倒裝，但but(also)部分不要倒裝。Not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics.我們不僅要學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)知識(shí)，也要關(guān)注政治。注意：若not onlybut (also)連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，句子不要
13、倒裝。7not until引起一個(gè)短語或引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句置于句首時(shí)，主句中要求部分倒裝。Not until he was ten did he go to school.直至10歲他才上學(xué)。8so表示“也”、“同樣”，位于句首時(shí)，其后要部分倒裝。You can swim, so can I.你會(huì)游泳，我也會(huì)?！局R(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. Not only _ he _ (like) swimming but also he likes football.2. No sooner had he _ (see) the stranger than he shouted at him.3. My mothe
14、r has read the book, and so _ I.4. Only by working hard _ we _ (achieve) high grades. 答案：答案：1. does; like2. seen3. have4. can/will; achieve1. Then _ a new development that had farreaching effects. A. come B. coming C. came D. had come【分析】C句子為時(shí)間副詞 then 置于句首的倒裝句，came 為句子謂語。注意：這類倒裝句的謂語通常是 go, come, fol
15、low, exist, remain 等不及物動(dòng)詞。2. Hard _ he studies, he cannot pass the examination. A. when B. how C. as D. while【分析】C考查讓步倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本句式為“名詞(不帶冠詞)、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等as主語動(dòng)詞”。3. _ loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. A. So B. Very C. Too D. Much【分析】A其余幾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。之所以選 so，一是因?yàn)閟othat是一
16、固定句型，二是因?yàn)?so loudly 后的 did he speak 為部分倒裝，因?yàn)榘从⒄Z語法，當(dāng) sothat結(jié)構(gòu)中的“so形容詞或副詞”置于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝形式。省略、替代和否定 一、省略1動(dòng)詞后所帶的賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可省略，但當(dāng)其帶多個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)只能省略第一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞；賓語從句本身是一個(gè)復(fù)合句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞也不能省略。They said that if they had worked harder, they would have done much better.他們說如果他們過去還努力點(diǎn)，他們將做得更好。2. 在I think/believe/hope/guess等作答語時(shí)，可
17、以用so代替其后的賓語從句。 I think she is a good girl.我認(rèn)為她是一個(gè)好女孩。 I think so.我也這么認(rèn)為。3狀語從句如果表示讓步、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、條件等時(shí)，如果其主語與主句主語一致，且從句中又有be的某種形式時(shí)，可將從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。If invited, Ill go to his birthday party.如果(我)被邀請，我會(huì)去他的生日聚會(huì)。4并列句中常把后一分句與前面相同的部分省略。Our teacher looked angry, and we certainly were (angry)我們的老師看起來很生氣，而且我們也確實(shí)
18、是(很生氣)。5不定式的省略，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。(1) 在hope, like, try, want, wish, expect, tell, ask, advise, afford, agree, forget, manage, would like等動(dòng)詞后的不定式。(2) 在glad, afraid, anxious, happy, pleased, delighted, eager, ready, willing等形容詞后的不定式。(3) 在want, allow, permit, persuade, tell, invite等動(dòng)詞后的作賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)的不定式。(4) 在be going
19、 to, be able to, have to, be willing to, ought to, used to 后作復(fù)合謂語的不定式。6介詞的省略，主要是和一些動(dòng)詞搭配構(gòu)成的短語中的介詞，如 prevent sb. (from) doing sth., stop sb. (from) doing sth., have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth., spend time / money (in) doing sth., be busy (in) doing sth.等等。7在比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中，尤其是比較級和原級交叉使用時(shí)，常省略某一結(jié)構(gòu)中的某些成分
20、，從而使句子簡潔精練。這種含省略的比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中，要特別注意連詞后有主語或賓語時(shí)，連詞要保留，否則不保留。比較：She sings as well as, if not better than, her sister. She sings as well as her sister, if not better.她唱歌如果不比她妹妹更好，也跟她一樣好。二、否定1否定代詞的用法一直是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，掌握它們指代的側(cè)重點(diǎn)和范圍尤為重要。She has taken a lot of medicines, but none (of them) has cured her disease.(none of
21、指三者或三者以上)她吃了很多藥，但是它們都沒有治好她的病。Neither/Nor助動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞， 表示后者和前者一樣不，其相反的結(jié)構(gòu)為so助動(dòng)詞名詞/代詞， 表示后者和前者一樣。I went to school by bike yesterday, so did my sister.我和妹妹昨天都騎單車上學(xué)。He wont attend the meeting tomorrow, neither will Mr. White.他和懷特先生明天都不參加會(huì)議。2否定前移時(shí)的反意疑問句也是高考的考點(diǎn)。當(dāng)主語為第一人稱I, we時(shí)，通常反問的是從句；而當(dāng)主語不是第一人稱時(shí)，則反問主句。I dont
22、think Jim will pass the exam, will he?我想吉姆考試會(huì)不及格，是嗎？Tom doesnt believe that his parents will be in support of his plan, does he?湯姆認(rèn)為他的父母不會(huì)支持他，是嗎？3有些否定結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有直接否定詞，而是用一些特殊的詞和詞組來表示否定的意義。這種否定意義的用法隱藏在句子的深層含義中。含有否定意義的詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu)有：名詞：absence, failure, lack, refusal, ignorance, negation, shortage等。His absence made
23、 his teacher angry. 他沒來讓他老師很生氣。形容詞及形容詞短語：few, little, absent from, short of, far from, free from, free of等。副詞：never, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely等。介詞：against, beyond, but/except, without, instead of, but for等。動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語：fail, miss, stop/ keep/ preventfrom等。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：tooto， anything but, would ratherthan
24、， by no means, in no way, under no condition 等。By no means will he take his fathers advice. 他絕不會(huì)聽取他父親的建議。He was too old to use the advanced computer. 他太老了用不了這么先進(jìn)的電腦。【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. I _ think he was ill because he was doing sports outside.2. He asked me to go out for a walk, but I didnt want _.3. If _ (
25、water)frequently, the flowers can allow visitors to have a good mood.4. Our school is a beautiful school, _ many families are familiar with.5. The trust of students is as important as _ of the colleagues. 答案：答案：1. didnt2. to3. watered4. one5. that 1. Everyone says you are a good student. You never s
26、leep in class, do you? _. A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really【分析】B答句是針對 You never sleep in class, do you? 這一問句來回答的，Yes, sometimes.為 Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class.之省略，其意為“不，上課有時(shí)睡覺”。其余幾項(xiàng)不合語境。2. They are different in form but _ in meaning. A. not B. no C. arent D. don
27、t【分析】Abut not in meaning為 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。3. Would you like to come for a walk with me? Id prefer _， thank you. A. not to B. to not C. not D. cant【分析】AId prefer not to 為 Id prefer not to come for a walk 之省略。注意：在該省略結(jié)構(gòu)中，用以代表不定式的 to 不宜省去。4. Jane wont join us for dinner tonight
28、 and _. A. neither wont Tom B. Tom wont, either C. Tom will, too D. so will Tom 【分析】Beither用于否定句，替代上文中的內(nèi)容，表示“也”。neither本身就是否定的，不需要wont再次否定。反意疑問句 除了“基本用法”中涉及的，下面總結(jié)11種特殊的反意疑問句用法：1祈使句：祈使句后一般加上will you 或wont you 構(gòu)成反意疑問句，用will you 多表示“請求”，用wont you多表示提醒對方注意。 Mail the letter today, will you? 今天就把信發(fā)掉，好嗎？ T
29、ry to be back by two, wont you? 盡量兩點(diǎn)之前回來，好嗎？若陳述部分為否定式，則反意疑問句部分只用will you。Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 請別忘了寄信。當(dāng)祈使句為Lets時(shí)，反意疑問句總是用 shall we。Lets phone her now, shall we? 我們現(xiàn)在就給她打電話，好嗎？2感嘆句：感嘆句后加反意疑問句時(shí)，其反意疑問句需用be 的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式。 What a moving film (it is), is it? 多感人的電影啊，是嗎？3當(dāng)陳述部分謂語動(dòng)詞是need,
30、dare, used to 且這些詞被用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其反意疑問句須用do 的適當(dāng)形式。 They need to move to the east, dont they? 他們需要搬到東方去，是嗎？4當(dāng)陳述部分主、謂語是I am時(shí)，反意疑問句用arent I 或aint I, 而不是am not I (可用am I not)。 Im a student, arent I /aint I?我是學(xué)生，對嗎？5當(dāng)陳述部分主語是從句、不定式(短語)、動(dòng)詞ing 形式時(shí)，反意疑問句的主語應(yīng)該用it。 Doing sports is very important, isnt it? 做運(yùn)動(dòng)很重要，是嗎？
31、That he came late was impossible, wasnt it? 他遲到是不能的，是嗎？7當(dāng)陳述部分含I think (believe，suppose)that結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，其反意疑問句須與從句的主、謂語保持一致，注意主句的主語必須是第一人稱。 I dont think he will go there, will he? 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)去那里，是嗎？(注意否定前移)He believed that he had lost his keys, didnt he? 他認(rèn)為他已經(jīng)丟了鑰匙，是嗎？(主句主語不是第一人稱)8當(dāng)have (has) 不是表示“有”的意思，并在句中作謂語時(shí)，
32、其反意疑問句的助動(dòng)詞要用do, does, did。 He has three books, hasnt he/doesnt he? 他有3本書，是嗎？(have意思是“有”)He had his hair cut yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天理發(fā)了，是嗎？(have 意思不是“有”)9當(dāng)陳述部分有have to 時(shí)，其反意疑問句要用助動(dòng)詞的否定形式。 They have to leave at last, dont they?他們最后不得不離開，是嗎？10當(dāng)陳述部分有had better 時(shí)，其反意疑問句要用hadnt。We had better go there by
33、bus, hadnt we? 我們最好坐汽車去那里，是嗎？11當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must時(shí)，我們最好分析一下must的含義。如果must作“一定；要；必須”講，反意疑問句須用mustnt或neednt；而當(dāng)must作推測意義“一定是；必定”講時(shí)，反意疑問句則需根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞原形選相應(yīng)的形式。 You must do it, neednt you？/mustnt you? 你必須做這件事，是嗎？You must be hungry, arent you? 你一定餓了，是嗎？You must know how to answer the question, dont you? 你一定知道
34、如何回答這個(gè)問題，是嗎？He must have got the ticket yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天一定買到票了，是嗎？He must have seen the film, hasnt he? 他一定看過電影了，是嗎？He must have left before I came, hadnt he? 在我來之前他已經(jīng)離開了，是嗎？【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題：1. He must have finished his homework yesterday, _？ 2. There are many students in the classroom, _？3. Everyt
35、hing in his life is very important to him, _？4. Listen! They must be quarrelling, _？5. The old man didnt like the weather in the country, _？答案：答案：1. didnt he2. arent there3. isnt it4. arent they5. did he1. Alice, you feed the bird today, _？ But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didnt you
36、D. dont you 【分析】B此題容易誤選D。認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)普通的反意疑問句。此題的下文語境“But I fed it yesterday”(但是我昨天才喂過鳥)很重要，它表明上文是在要求對方喂鳥。另外，前一句中的稱呼語 Alice 也是一個(gè)重要的信息，聯(lián)系此信息和下文語境，我們可斷定 you feed the bird today 是一個(gè)帶有主語的祈使句，所以此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是B。 2. I dont like him, _？ No, I dont at all. A. do I B. do you C. dont I D. does she【分析】B此題容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)普通的反意疑問句：陳述部分主語為I，疑問部分主語也應(yīng)是I；陳述部分為否定式，所以疑問部分要用肯定式。做此題的關(guān)鍵是要看下文的語境，下文說“No, I dont at all.”(不，我一點(diǎn)也不喜歡)，這表明前一句是在詢問對方的看法，所以此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是B，它是 do you like him的省略形式，全句意為“我不喜歡他，你呢(你喜歡他嗎)？”
【學(xué)海導(dǎo)航】高考英語新課標(biāo)一輪語法同步課件：第12節(jié) 特殊句式共79PPT高考
