本科生畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計 ）姓 名： 學(xué) 院： 專 業(yè)： 機(jī)械工程及自動化 設(shè)計題目： 刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的設(shè)計 專 題： 指導(dǎo)教師： 年 六 月 畢業(yè)設(shè)計任務(wù)書專業(yè)年級 任 務(wù) 下 達(dá) 日 期 ： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計日期： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計題目：刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的設(shè)計畢業(yè)設(shè)計專題題目：畢業(yè)設(shè)計主要內(nèi)容和要求：設(shè)計參數(shù)：設(shè)計長度 60 m；輸送量 1800 t/h；刮板鏈速度 1.54 m/s；爬坡角度 10°；安裝角度 0°。 主要設(shè)計內(nèi)容包括：（1）設(shè)計主要包括刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的機(jī)身設(shè)計、整體的設(shè)計計算、傳動部分的設(shè)計、 電機(jī)和液力耦合器的選型。（2）對減速器進(jìn)行設(shè)計，鏈輪組的設(shè)計。要求：（1）繪制相關(guān)設(shè)計圖紙 3 張（折合 0 號）左右；（2）按照學(xué)校及學(xué)院有關(guān)規(guī)定，撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書一份，正文部分不少于 50 頁；（3）中英文摘要 400 字左右；（4）3000 漢字（或 6 萬英文字符）的譯文（英譯漢）1 份；查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn) 20 篇文獻(xiàn)，其中外文文獻(xiàn)不少于 2 篇。指導(dǎo)教師簽字：鄭 重 聲 明本人所呈交的畢業(yè)設(shè)計，是在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下，獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成果。所有數(shù)據(jù)、圖片資料真實(shí)可靠。盡我所知，除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，本畢業(yè)設(shè)計的研究成果不包含他人享有著作權(quán)的內(nèi)容。對本論文所涉及的研究工作做出貢獻(xiàn)的其他個人和集體，均已在文中以明確的方式標(biāo)明。本論文屬于原創(chuàng)。本畢業(yè)設(shè)計的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬于培養(yǎng)單位。本人簽名： 日期： 畢業(yè)設(shè)計指導(dǎo)教師評閱書指導(dǎo)教師評語（①基礎(chǔ)理論及基本技能的掌握；②獨(dú)立解決實(shí)際問題的能力；③研究內(nèi)容的理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)方法；④取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)；⑤工作態(tài)度及工作量；⑥總體評價及建議成績；⑦存在問題；⑧是否同意答辯等）：成 績： 指導(dǎo)教師簽字：年 月 日畢業(yè)設(shè)計評閱教師評閱書評閱教師評語（①選題的意義；②基礎(chǔ)理論及基本技能的掌握；③綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識解決實(shí)際問題的能力；③工作量的大小；④取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)；⑤寫作的規(guī)范程度；⑥總體評價及建議成績；⑦存在問題；⑧是否同意答辯等）：成 績： 評閱教師簽字：年 月 日畢業(yè)設(shè)計答辯及綜合成績答 辯 情 況回 答 問 題提 出 問 題 正 確基 本正 確有 一般 性錯 誤有 原則 性錯 誤沒 有回 答答辯委員會評語及建議成績：答辯委員會主任簽字： 年 月 日學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組綜合評定成績：學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組負(fù)責(zé)人： 年 月 日0英文原文Coal Face transport equipment SelectionCoal Face Selection of appropriate transport equipment or direct impact on the mining production to be normal, On the various drag conveyor、 reversed loader、 pick-a-back conveyor The characteristics of， And how the application of the selection, for reference.Keyword：conveyor;lectotype;capability;principle1 Coal Face transport equipment SelectionTraction linked by the number and arrangement can be divided into single-scraper conveyor chain, bilateral links, double-center chain and the three links, and other four types. These bilateral links to various functions AFC Coal conditions, the use of a wider scope, the disadvantage is that there are two bilateral chain linked Shouli Bu absorbed phenomenon. Three bilateral links in the chain scraper conveyor developed on the basis of When the two chains not enough strength, an increase of a middle chain, the practice has proved that such a structure chain Shouli Bu absorbed form of the phenomenon than the bilateral chain scraper conveyor more serious, frequent Duanlian accidents, products are eliminated. Two-center chain-type compared with the bilateral links, the chain of uniform, bending performance advantages, but in the hard coal! Meikuai circumstances of the larger transportation to perform well. Small scraper conveyor single chain of more, but with the large-diameter circle in the chain, the chain increased strength, the German use of large-diameter circle of chain-linked heavy AFC, this form of chain conveyor To bear the load in the same circumstances, than the double-stranded chain of specifications to be larger.a) Scraper conveyor of the transmission capacity must be equal to or greater than 1Shearer or the production capacity of coal plough. But Shearer face conveyor and the productive capacity of roadway with the mining area, transport roadway and upgrade the mine's transport capacity of the infrastructure, the ability to prevent face-off, mining area or roadway and a lack of transport capacity“ Kabo Zi“phenomenon. Scraper conveyor structure and form of traction Shearer, and walk-oriented institutions! Bracket and the end of Slipper of the supporting structure;b) Scraper conveyor length of the chute and hydraulic support to match the widthc) Scraper conveyor of the chute and hydraulic support the passage of the jack and connect devices with space to match;d) Conveyor of the chute to rugged wear-resistant structure, a flexible;e) In order to reduce Duanlian accidents, linked ring in the large-diameter, high-intensity direction;f) Priority choice of two-motor-driven double-nose, to reduce the transmission size, the largest chain to reduce tension, reducing the nose and tail of the top area of control. Selection of priority short nose and short tail, but the head-and tail-in or corner of the plate should not be too large to reduce the pressure in the chain block friction loss.2 Reversed loader lectotype of principleBridge reproduced machine is actually a special structure of the heavy scraper conveyor, in the face conveyor section Pingxiang and scalable conveyor belt between the role of a reprint.a) Reprint of the transportation capacity to be slightly larger than face scraper conveyor. To this end use of increased chute section(on both sides of the chute and baffle), increase speed linked(to change the second-reducer gear transmission ratio) or shorten the distance between scraper, and other measures;b) Reprint of the gear in the nose of uniform, should be based on volume and distance to determine the size of the electrical power and the number of Taiwan. Priority should be optional single-motor drive, when the volume and greater distance, the 2optional dual-motor drive. Its transmission should try and face the same scraper conveyor to GM;c) Reprint of the aircraft tail and face the conveyor connected to the matching. A lap and non-overlap in two forms, regardless of what form, should ensure that face scraper conveyor nose of a certain height unloading(normally600~ 700 mm),in order to avoid face-scraper conveyor Linked to the end of coal;d) Reprint of the nose are loaded walk in the small car, walking the structure and gauge car with retractable belt conveyor tail-supporting;e) Reprint of the bridge deck and the Department of retractable conveyor belt of coal by the tail of the length of the overlap should be complementary;f) Machine parts and reproduced the face scraper conveyor should do everything possible to GM, to facilitate the supply of spare parts and maintenance.3 Retractable belt conveyor of the principle of selectionScraper transport planes from the coal face, reproduced as bridge-to-trough uninstall the retractable belt conveyor, and then coal from Pingxiang transported to the section on the downhill or with the station. With the face of advancing to the section Pingxiang transport equipment to a more flexible elongate or shorten. Retractable belt conveyor is characterized by a set of certificates with its devices, this device from the temporary storage tape from the appropriate role, when the mobile tail, the reservoir with a corresponding device can be released or save a certain length of the belt.a) Mining machine with the transport section of Pingxiang general optional retractable belt conveyor, and its production capacity to match reprint machine. According to choose a suitable throughput with bandwidth and speed;b) Retractable belt conveyor for the laying of the general length of 500~ 1000 m-Taiwan, when a length of two series can not. Can also choose multi-driven conveyor belt, the length of up to 2000~ 3000 m;c) Conveyor belt transmission device generally used double-drum drive, and 3priority should be optional single-motor drive, to avoid the load due to the electrical transmission equipment caused by the unequal distribution of power increases. When the single-motor power shortage# optional two-or three electrical transmission;d) Storage devices with the activities of a drum, two and three(corresponding certificates with a two-tier, six and four storeys) should give priority to the simple structure of single-cylinder structure. If the reservoir with a shorter length of the warehouse, they can choose two or three roller structure;e) Tighten the structure of a device automatically tighten (adjustable tensioning force) and non-automatic tensioning device two categories, priority should be given to choose the former, to ensure that the tape is the appropriate tension;f) Transmission drum machine or a head band of anti-skid tape and driving drum 9 skid) security installations and non-security devices are to choose the former, in order to prevent the tape skid cause serious damage or excessive temperature rise caused by adhesive tape on fire Incidents. Ordinary canvas with a belt and high-strength nylon with two batteries, should try to choose the latter, to reduce the thick belt, increasing distance. Tape a general belt and fire tape, the latter should be used to prevent fires.g) Shift the tail installed with hydraulic and electric winch-and Fully-supporting, a pumping station system for emulsion priority should choose the former, no pumping station system can choose the latter;h) Retractable belt conveyor by the tail on the length of the form and structure to be reproduced with the bridge of the bridge and walk the length of the overlapping structure of the Department of match;i) Retractable plastic belt conveyor structure of the body-hanging wire rope, steelHanging-beam steel frame and floor-variety. Type of steel wire rope hanging with little, simple equipment, suitable for floor changes, easy to water conditions, but the operation to shorten the tail relatively trouble. Steel-framed floor-simple structure, demolition of convenience, is conducive to the use and maintenance, but the fuselage 4large amount of steel used, the floor changes have an impact on the rack, under specific circumstances appropriate choiceCape pushing high-grade coal face in the course of mining, will often encounter some fault ramps National Chiao Tung University(H 3m)-not pushing too hard, making a face similar to the faultsystem between the“triangle“-shaped pillar,the pillar under the triangular Fault can be divided into the direction of“being“ triangle and the“inverted“ triangle of two. More recycling of coal resources, the inverted triangle coal-mining, are often used along the fault trend, retaining a fault-coal, transport, dig a supplementary entry, face additional transport along the roadway normal progress, but added the roadway and transport planes To retain a mining method, that is reproduced after the maintenance of mining.It is the most important feature: the direction of promoting the face of coal and reprint the opposite direction. The dig-mining technology to the maintenance of mining after another development, it mainly refers to one side of boring mining Lane added transport, mining technology is a supplement.1 After the set of maintenance and exploitation of the significance of the dug-mining applicationsThe work in front of the National Chiao Tung University inclined to expose fault, not hard-pushed the inverted triangle formed coal-mining, there are two under the conventional mining method: wear-mining and mining. --Will often result in-prone forward, the old waste pond falling keep up with all the top row, back-to bring greater difficulty and lower efficiency. When the old pond and a hanging roof suddenly falling, it will cause massive waste overturned cut the top row pillars, a spray men Zi phenomenon, to bring greater security threat. So for mining, mining face prone to a certain level will not be able to continue to promote the coal recovery rate is not high. The recovery of lower coal mining wear, can only reach60 percent, the same need to fill the excavation, Lane added, using artillery and 5mining will consume a large amount of explosives, detonators high costs, risks, prevention-management is also very difficult, there More hidden dangers. By comparison, a reprint after the maintenance of mining coal mining face can guarantee the normal advance, and can increase the recovery rate, the district's high yield and high efficiency to promote the building of a higher value.Under normal circumstances, reproduced in the former mining machine after maintenance, ahead of meeting the need to add the roadway excavation and the laying of good reproduced directly to the recovery teams used, which would involve tunneling unit of energy, the occupation of certain human, material and Supporting material from consideration, construction of the tunnel boring the general-shelf support, and a steel support. In the latter role in maintaining pressure on the roadway, the steel roof will be a lot deformation, it is difficult to retracement, but can not reuse, then try the coal-mining teams from their own side tunneling transport Lane added, while maintaining a post-mining method, that is- Mining excavation techniques. Construction used hydraulic prop legs to replace the steel shelf-shelf support, a flexible support, reducing the pressure on the roadway, improve the supporting effect.2 Reprint after the maintenance of the technical requirements of mining① With the face forward, added the roadway, while retaining the support not back, on top of the alley, along the direction of the dumping Dou reservations Face the bottom of the first three rows of regular pillars.② To reduce air-side of falling coal pillars of pushing pressure, three rows of stranded in a timely manner to the use of hinged roof beam to the pillars, roof beam along the tendency to use the hinged support, a pillar of the reform may not be behind all face Top ranked.③ After the maintenance of Zhu Liang to set up, the first branch after the change, post-wear Muxie established to reduce the latter part of the pillars of the end of drilling. Reprint of the above two rows of pillars as sidewalks, width of1. 0m, the spacing 6between the two groups Zhuliang to1. 0m, most Shangyi Pai pillars and columns to file additional intensive pillars to prevent channeling rock.④ After the maintenance period to reduce the pillars of the deformation, tofacilitate the work of retracement along the roadway after the maintenance of the pillars of Shangyi Pai, located at8 m with a wood pile to strengthen support and maintenance of the roadway after the hand for cleaning up to ensure that the roadway Height of not less than1. 6m.Development prospectsWith the coal mining life of the reduced recoverable reserves of less and less, and with the deep development, more and more complex geological conditions, 1.30, in more and more coal, therefore, how the limited resources, improve the coal recovery rate, And to resolve theTo follow the more mining, will be in a very long topic, so for high-end after the maintenance of general mining and mining-excavation and mining technology provides a broad prospects for development, the promotion of a certain value.7中文譯文采煤工作面運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的選型及刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)選型介紹摘要：采煤工作面運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的選型對采煤工作面的生產(chǎn)有著重要的影響,本文介紹了各類刮板運(yùn)輸機(jī)、刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)、可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的技術(shù)特點(diǎn)、適用范圍以及如何選型。關(guān)鍵詞：輸送機(jī)；選型；能力；原則1 采煤工作面刮板運(yùn)輸機(jī)的選擇按牽引鏈的數(shù)目及布置方式可將刮板輸送機(jī)分為單鏈、邊鏈、中雙鏈和三鏈等 4 種類型。其中邊雙鏈刮板輸送機(jī)適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，可用于各種煤質(zhì)條件，使用范圍很廣，但缺點(diǎn)是邊雙鏈會出現(xiàn)兩根鏈?zhǔn)芰Σ粍虻默F(xiàn)象。三鏈?zhǔn)窃谶呺p鏈刮板輸送機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上改進(jìn)而來的，當(dāng) 2 條鏈子強(qiáng)度不夠時，中間再增加了一條鏈，實(shí)際證明，在這種結(jié)構(gòu)形式中，鏈?zhǔn)芰Σ粍虻默F(xiàn)象比邊雙鏈結(jié)構(gòu)還要更嚴(yán)重，常常發(fā)生斷鏈?zhǔn)鹿剩谔蕴a(chǎn)品。中雙鏈鏈型與邊雙鏈型相比，有著鏈條受力較為均勻、彎曲性能更好的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是在煤質(zhì)較硬、煤塊度較大的情況下運(yùn)輸效果不是很好。小型刮板輸送機(jī)主要以單鏈型的結(jié)構(gòu)較多，但隨著大直徑礦用圓環(huán)鏈的出現(xiàn)，鏈條強(qiáng)度逐步提高，德國大多采用直徑較大的圓環(huán)鏈的單鏈重型刮板輸送機(jī)，該種形式輸送機(jī)的鏈子在承受相同載荷的情況下，要比雙鏈型結(jié)構(gòu)所用的鏈規(guī)格要大。a)刮板輸送機(jī)的輸送能力必須等于或大于工作面采煤機(jī)或刨煤機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力。但工作面輸送機(jī)及采煤機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力要與采區(qū)巷道、運(yùn)輸大巷、整個礦井的運(yùn)輸提升能力相配套，以防采煤工作面能力過大，采區(qū)及大巷運(yùn)輸能力不夠而出現(xiàn)“瓶頸”現(xiàn)象。刮板輸送機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式必須與采煤機(jī)的牽引力機(jī)構(gòu)、行走及導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)、底托架及滑靴等部件相配套；b)刮板輸送機(jī)的溜槽長度要與液壓支架的寬度相互匹配；c)刮板輸送機(jī)的溜槽與液壓支架的推移千斤頂?shù)倪B接裝置和配合間隙要匹配；8d)輸送機(jī)的溜槽結(jié)構(gòu)要同時具有堅固和耐磨的特性，還得具有可彎曲性；e)為了減少斷鏈?zhǔn)鹿实陌l(fā)生，圓環(huán)鏈逐漸朝著大直徑、高強(qiáng)度的方向發(fā)展；f)盡量選用雙電機(jī)雙機(jī)頭驅(qū)動方式，從而減小傳動裝置尺寸，降低鏈條的最大張力，減小機(jī)頭部和機(jī)尾部的控頂面積。盡量選用短機(jī)頭和短機(jī)尾的刮板輸送機(jī)，但機(jī)頭架和機(jī)尾架中板的升角不應(yīng)過大，從而減少在壓鏈板的摩損。2 刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的選型原則刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)實(shí)際上就是一臺結(jié)構(gòu)特殊的重型刮板輸送機(jī)，在工作面刮板輸送機(jī)與順槽巷道可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)之間起到轉(zhuǎn)載沒煤炭的作用。a)刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的輸送能力要稍大于工作面刮板輸送機(jī)。為此多采用加大溜槽斷面( 在溜槽兩側(cè)加擋板) 、加大鏈速(改變減速器內(nèi)第二級齒輪傳動比)或者縮短刮板間距等措施，來實(shí)現(xiàn)這一要求；b)轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的傳動裝置均布在機(jī)頭，應(yīng)根據(jù)運(yùn)量的大小及運(yùn)距的大小來確定電機(jī)功率和臺數(shù)。應(yīng)盡量選用單電機(jī)傳動，當(dāng)運(yùn)量和運(yùn)距都較大時，可選用雙電機(jī)傳動。其傳動裝置應(yīng)與工作面刮板輸送機(jī)保持一致，便于在使用中做到部件通用；c)刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的機(jī)尾部與工作面輸送機(jī)的連接處要配套。主要有搭接和非搭接兩種形式，無論采用上述哪種形式，都應(yīng)保證工作面刮板輸送機(jī)機(jī)頭有一定的卸載高度( 一般范圍 600 ~ 700mm)，以避免工作面刮板輸送機(jī)機(jī)底鏈存有煤；d)刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的機(jī)頭均要，裝在行走小車上，行走小車的結(jié)構(gòu)及軌距必須與可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)機(jī)尾部配套；e)刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的架橋段與可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的機(jī)尾受煤部的重疊長度應(yīng)配套；f)刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的零部件與工作面刮板輸送機(jī)應(yīng)盡可能通用，以便于備用零部件的供應(yīng)及維修。3 可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的選型原則由工作面刮板輸送機(jī)運(yùn)出的煤炭，經(jīng)刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)載到順槽巷道的可伸縮膠9帶輸送機(jī)上，然后把煤炭從區(qū)段平巷運(yùn)到上下山或裝車站。隨工作面的前進(jìn)，區(qū)段平巷運(yùn)輸設(shè)備必須能夠比較靈活的伸長或者縮短?？缮炜s膠帶輸送機(jī)的功能特點(diǎn)是它有一套儲帶裝置，這套裝置起暫時儲存起適量膠帶的作用，當(dāng)移動機(jī)尾時，儲帶裝置可相應(yīng)地放出或儲存一定長度的皮帶。a)機(jī)械化采煤配合的區(qū)段平巷運(yùn)輸一般選用可伸縮式膠帶輸送機(jī)，其生產(chǎn)能力要與刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)相匹配，根據(jù)輸送量選擇合適的帶寬和帶速；b)可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的鋪設(shè)的長度一般為 500 ~1000m 臺，當(dāng)一臺長度不夠時可串聯(lián)兩臺。也可選者用多段驅(qū)動的膠帶輸送機(jī)，其長度可達(dá) 2000~ 3000m；c)膠帶輸送機(jī)傳動裝置一般采用雙滾筒傳動,且應(yīng)盡量選用單電機(jī)傳動 ,從而避免由于多電動機(jī)傳動帶來的負(fù)荷分配不均的現(xiàn)象，造成設(shè)備功率增大.當(dāng)單電機(jī)功率不足時，才可選用雙或三電機(jī)傳動；d)儲帶裝置的活動滾筒有一個、兩個和 3 個(相應(yīng)儲帶兩層、四層和六層）盡量選擇結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的單滾筒結(jié)構(gòu)。若要求儲帶倉部分膠帶長度較短時，則可選用兩個或 3 個滾筒結(jié)構(gòu)；e)拉緊裝置的根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)形式共有自動拉緊（可調(diào)整拉緊力）和無自動拉緊裝置兩類，應(yīng)盡量選用前者，以保證膠帶具有適當(dāng)?shù)睦o力；f)傳動滾筒或機(jī)頭部有帶防滑膠帶與傳動滾筒打滑安全保護(hù)裝置和不帶安全保護(hù)裝置兩種，應(yīng)盡量前者，以避免由于膠帶打滑造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞或溫升過高而引起膠帶著火的事故。膠帶有普通帆布帶和高強(qiáng)度尼龍芯帶兩種，應(yīng)盡量選用后者，以降低帶厚，增大運(yùn)距。膠帶有一般膠帶及防火膠帶，應(yīng)選用后者，以防火災(zāi)。g)移動裝置有液壓式及電動絞車式，與綜采配套，有泵站系統(tǒng)供乳化液者應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用前者，無泵站系統(tǒng)者可選用后者；h)可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的機(jī)尾受載部的長度和結(jié)構(gòu)形式要與刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的橋身部重疊長度及行走部結(jié)構(gòu)形式相匹配；i)可伸縮膠帶式輸送機(jī)的機(jī)身結(jié)構(gòu)有鋼絲繩吊掛式、鋼梁吊掛式和鋼架落地式多種。鋼絲繩吊掛式的鋼材用量較少，設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，適于底板變化多、易積水的地質(zhì)條件中，但是縮短機(jī)尾的操作比較麻煩。鋼架落地式具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，拆10卸方便的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，方便使用和維護(hù)，但機(jī)身用鋼材量較大，底板變化對機(jī)架有影響，可根據(jù)具體情況適當(dāng)選用以上 2 種形式。高檔普采工作面推進(jìn)采掘的過程中,常常會遇到某些斜交大斷層(H 3m) 而無法平推硬過，從而使得工作面與斷層之間形成近似“三角”形煤柱，三角煤柱根據(jù)斷層的走向可分為“正”三角形和“倒”三角形這么兩種。為了多回收煤炭資源，對于倒三角煤柱的開采，往往采用沿斷層的走向的方法，適當(dāng)保留斷層煤柱，另外掘出一條補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷，工作面沿著補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷正常推進(jìn)，但對補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷及運(yùn)輸機(jī)進(jìn)行保留的一種開采方法，即刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開采。它的最大特點(diǎn)是：采煤工作面前進(jìn)方向與刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)運(yùn)煤的方向相反，就是與一般情況下相反。而邊采邊掘技術(shù)是對后維護(hù)開采的一個重要的改進(jìn)部分，它主要是說一邊開采一邊掘進(jìn)補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷，這對于回采技術(shù)來說是重要的一部分。1、刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開采的意義和邊采邊掘的運(yùn)用對于工作面前方碰到斜交大斷層，無法平推硬過而形成倒三角煤柱開采時，常規(guī)情況中還有另兩種開采的方法：調(diào)采和穿采。調(diào)采常常造成工作面出現(xiàn)向下采而推進(jìn)，冒落的矸石緊跟切頂,給回柱工作帶來很大難度，降低工作效率。而且當(dāng)老塘出現(xiàn)懸頂突然掉落時，會造成大塊矸石推倒切頂排支柱，出現(xiàn)噴門子現(xiàn)象，給安全帶來很大威脅。因此在調(diào)采時，工作面采掘到一定程度就不能繼續(xù)推進(jìn)，煤炭回收率不高。而穿采煤炭回收率更低，最多只能達(dá)到 60%，同樣需要先補(bǔ)沖掘進(jìn)補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷，并且采用炮采會消耗大量的炸藥、雷管成本高、風(fēng)險大，通風(fēng)防爆的管理難度也很大，存在很大的隱患。相比較之下，采用刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開采既可保證回采工作面的正常推進(jìn)，又可以提高回收率，對于單位的更高產(chǎn)量更高效率都有較高的作用。一般情況下，在進(jìn)行刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開采前,需要提前補(bǔ)充掘進(jìn)補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷,并設(shè)置好刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)直接交給回采區(qū)的人員用,，占用一定的人力，物力，而且從支護(hù)材料方面上考慮，掘進(jìn)施工的巷道一般采用錨網(wǎng)支護(hù)，屬于鋼性支護(hù)。在后維護(hù)巷道壓力的作用下，鋼材會大量變形，很難回撤，而且不能重復(fù)使用，于是嘗試了由采煤區(qū)人員自己邊掘進(jìn)補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷，邊進(jìn)行后維護(hù)開采的方法。施11工中用單體液壓支柱替代鋼結(jié)構(gòu)腿進(jìn)行架鋼梁支護(hù)，形成柔性支護(hù)，減小了巷道壓力,提高了支護(hù)效果。2、刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開采的技術(shù)要求①隨采煤工作面推進(jìn),除保留補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷的支護(hù)不回外，靠運(yùn)輸巷上上面，沿傾鈄方向留下工作面下端頭處三排正規(guī)支柱。②為減少采空區(qū)掉落的矸石對支柱的推力,及時把三排留下的頂梁走向鉸接使用的支柱,變?yōu)轫斄貉匦毕蜚q接的支護(hù)方式,支柱的改設(shè)不能比工作面切頂排靠后。③后維護(hù)段梁的變換,要先支護(hù)后變換,支柱要帶木塊支設(shè),以減少后期支柱的鉆底量。刮板轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)以上的兩排支柱作為人行道,寬度為 1.0m,兩組柱梁之間的間距為 1.0m,最上一排支柱,柱檔內(nèi)要加設(shè)密集支柱,以防止竄出的矸石。④為減少后維護(hù)期間支柱的變形,給撤離工作帶來方便,沿后維護(hù)巷道最上一排支柱,每隔 8m 支設(shè)一個木垛加強(qiáng)支護(hù),并安專人對后維護(hù)巷道進(jìn)行清理,保證巷道高度不低于 1.6m。發(fā)展前景隨著煤礦開采年限的減少,可采儲量越來越少,隨著向深部開發(fā),地質(zhì)條件越來越復(fù)雜,三角煤柱也越來越多,因此,怎么在有限的資源下,提高煤炭回收率,和解決越來越多的采掘接續(xù)性久問題,將是今后一個很長的話題,所以為高檔普采面后維護(hù)開采及邊掘邊采技術(shù)提供了一個巨大的發(fā)展前景,具有推廣價值。