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題型四　閱讀選擇 題 型 特 點(diǎn) 　　近幾年來宜賓市的英語中考閱讀選擇都包含A、B、C、D四個篇章。A篇通常為廣告通知等,并常以表格形式出現(xiàn),較簡單；B篇通常為故事性文章,較簡單；C、D篇通常為科學(xué)技術(shù)或社會文化類文章,難度增加。閱讀篇章題材多樣化,體裁形式也很豐富,這就需要學(xué)生在平時對各方面的知識都要有所積累。中考閱讀選擇題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意,獲取其中的主要信息,能作出正確判斷,然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。 解 題 策 略 一、解題步驟 1.先讀問題,弄清考查要點(diǎn),以便帶著問題看文章,這樣會心中有數(shù),有的放矢。 2.快速瀏覽全文,掌握全貌,注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息,如果時間緊,至少要掃視一下首段和尾段,再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想,這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時,不要忙于答題。 3.細(xì)讀原文,捕捉相關(guān)信息詞,掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵,應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1)抓住四個“W”和一個“H”,邊讀邊用鉛筆做標(biāo)記,把What(事件),When(時間),Where(地點(diǎn)),Why(原因),How(經(jīng)過)畫出來。抓住了四個“W”和一個“H”,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的問題便可解決。 (2)抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果、讓步、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、指代、列舉及承上啟下等連接上下文的特殊功能。這對學(xué)生分清文章層次,辨明各種關(guān)系,了解人物心理,推斷作者意圖,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,都具有舉足輕重的作用。 (3)注意領(lǐng)會文章的寓意。 4.根據(jù)題意,初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題,領(lǐng)會測試要求,確定解題方法。對那些明顯的,有把握的題可以斷然確定,不必把其余三個答案再作推敲；有些略難的題,應(yīng)再查閱短文(不是重讀一遍),迅速找出依據(jù),予以排除。 5.重讀原文,仔細(xì)斟酌核對答案。在解完最后一道題后,如果時間允許,再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題,研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系,目的在于對所做答案進(jìn)一步審查,推出未解答的題,以便減少失誤。 二、解題技巧 閱讀選擇常見的幾種考查題型：細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題和主旨大意題。針對不同題型有不同的解題技巧： 1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題 一般情況下在原文中能直接找到對應(yīng)的答案。涉及的內(nèi)容,如時間、地點(diǎn)、人物、數(shù)字、原因、結(jié)果等,多數(shù)情況下根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞就可以快速而準(zhǔn)確地找出答案。這一類細(xì)節(jié)理解題往往會有很模糊的干擾項,但稍加辨認(rèn)、甄別、分析,就能準(zhǔn)確判定答案。 2.推理判斷題 推理判斷題要求根據(jù)閱讀材料中所提供的信息,推斷出未知的信息。推理不是憑空猜測,而是在已知信息的基礎(chǔ)上對未知的內(nèi)容作出推斷。 3.詞義猜測題 中考的詞義猜測題,一般都是針對上下文語境設(shè)計單詞,猜測詞義。因此通過上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系猜詞是解決這種問題的最佳方法。 4.主旨大意題 主旨大意題要求學(xué)生在理解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上,對短文作出總結(jié)性或概括性的評價。主題句一般位于段首或段尾。主題句的顯著特點(diǎn)是：所表達(dá)的意思具有明顯的概括性；句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單精煉。 A TRAVEL MOVIE SERIES If you want to travel but dont have enough money,you can see movies about Japan,Indonesia,Brazil,Italy and Australia. Saturday and Sunday at 2：30 p.m.There are only 100 seats in the theater,so e early. LIBRARY LECTURE SERIES The topic is “How to find the job you really want”. It is a twohour lecture.You can get some advice on choosing and getting the right job. Saturday at 10 a.m. ROCK CONCERT IN UNIVERSITY PARK Do you want to listen to some great music？Five student bands are going to play in University Park. Saturday evening from 8：00 to midnight. Bring your own food and drinks. CRAFT FAIR Need to buy a present for your mother,sister or brother？e to a craft fair in front of City Hall on Sunday from 9 a.m.to 5 p.m. You can find paintings and jewelry.You can also find food from around the world. (　)1.If you want to travel but dont have enough money,you can ________. A.visit museums B.see movies C.go to concerts D.go to the fair (　)2.The library lecture is about ________. A.food B.jobs C.paintings D.jewelry (　)3.We can listen to some great music in University Park on________. A.Friday evening B.Sunday morning C.Saturday evening D.Friday morning (　)4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The movies are about seven countries. B.The lecture lasts three hours. C.There are five student bands at the concert. D.The craft fair is held on Friday. 【文章大意】這是一篇應(yīng)用文,主要介紹了四則廣告通知。 1.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從題干得知關(guān)鍵詞“dont have enough money”,由第一個方框中“If you want to travel but dont have enough money…”可得出答案。 【答案】B 2.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從題干得知關(guān)鍵詞“l(fā)ibrary lecture”,答案應(yīng)在第二個方框找,第二段最后兩個單詞為答案。 【答案】B 3.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從題干得知關(guān)鍵詞“in University Park”,則需在第三個方框?qū)ふ掖鸢?。答案在第二段? 【答案】C 4.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。四道題分別對應(yīng)四則廣告,要解答此題,需在各題對應(yīng)的方框中找出答案。只有C選項與原文對應(yīng)。 【答案】C B(xx宜賓中考) Wang Fuman is a 10yearold student.He is now studying in Zhuanshanbao Primary School in Zhaotong,Yunnan Province.On Monday morning(January 8,xx),he braved －9℃ weather to travel over an hour to reach his school. When he arrived,his hair and eyebrows had been pletely frozen with snowflake(雪花).This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot.Fu Heng,Wangs teacher,saw this and took a picture.He uploaded(上傳) Wangs picture.The picture soon has got much attention to children from poor families in the countryside.Wang,who has been nicknamed “Snowflake Boy” by netizens,became famous online overnight.By Wednesday morning,his picture had been “l(fā)iked” more than 260,000 times on Sina Weibo and shared more than 40,000 times. After hearing Wangs story,the Yunnan China Youth Development Foundation held a public donation(捐贈) activity for children from poor families.The Foundation has promised to give each poor child 500 yuan($75) to help them stay warm in winter. By 1 pm on Wednesday,the Foundation had collected about 300,000 yuan in public donations,according to their website.Wangs village now has electricity and tap water,“…and my family is getting help to build a new house close to the school”,Wang said,“I think our life will get better.” (　)1.What was the weather like on Monday morning? A.Snowy and cold. B.Rainy and cold. C.Snowy but warm. D.Rainy but warm. (　)2.Why did the classmates laugh when Wang entered the classroom? A.Because he lost his books. B.Because he told a joke. C.Because he looked funny. D.Because he was late. (　)3.The Foundation held a public donation to help the poor children ______. A.stay happy B.keep healthy C.stay educated D.keep warm in winter (　)4.What can we know from the text? A.Zhaotongs weather in winter is warm. B.Wangs future life may bee better. C.Wangs village had electricity before. D.Few people shared the boys picture. 【文章大意】這篇文章主要講述了雪花男孩事件曝光后,社會對其的幫助。 1.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“－9℃ weather”以及第二段“his hair and eyebrows had been pletely frozen with snowflake(雪花)”得知答案。 【答案】A 2.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“This made his 16 classmates laugh a lot.”可以推斷this指代的是前面“his hair and eyebrows had been pletely frozen with snowflake”, 頭發(fā)和眼睛都全是雪花,讓他看上去很搞笑。 【答案】C 3.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“The Foundation held a public donation”,可在第三段最后一句找到答案。 【答案】D 4.【解析】推理判斷題。A.明顯錯在warm；C.根據(jù)第四段可以推斷出之前沒有電；D.根據(jù)第二段最后一句得出很多人分享了雪花男孩的照片。 【答案】B 實(shí) 戰(zhàn) 演 練 A(xx綿陽中考改編) 廣告通知類 You could be a teacher! Great chances for you to find out more with our 3day Teaching Taster Course! ●Find out what its really like to be a teacher in a primary or secondary school and spend one day in school； ●Learn about the different roads to teaching—full time,part time,including how you can earn while you train； ●Find out about the job,e.g.teachers pay and the conditions of the work； ●Our courses are funded(資助) by Teachers Training Agency and so only cost you ￡20. Our next courses are being held： Lincoln(Lincolnshire)　　　 　25 to 27 June xx Scunthorpe(Nth Lincolnshire) 16 to 18 September xx Stamford(Lincolnshire) 3 to 5 December xx Beverley(East Yorkshire) 21 to 23 January 2019 Boston(Lincolnshire) 11 to 13 February 2019 Interested? For an application form(申請表) and full details, Tel：01476 512780 Email：enquiries@emdirect.co.uk (B)1.Where is this ad.from? A.Australia. B.USA. C.Canada. D.UK. (B)2.You might be interested in this ad.if you ______. A.are already a teacher B.want to be a teacher in the future C.want to work for the Teachers Training Agency D.are looking for a good school for your children (C)3.What can you get out of this course? A.What it takes to be a good teacher. B.A place to teach in a local school. C.A quick taste of what teaching is about. D.A chance to visit different parts of the country. (C)4.How many courses are on the way if you miss this one? A.7. B.6. C.5. D.4. B(xx無錫中考改編) 生活故事類 Sarah stood in front of the mirror(鏡子).“It looks like a raincoat on me,” she said. “Perhaps the blue,” said Mama,gently. “Sure,” the shopkeeper said.But when he took the blue coat,there on the shelf behind all of the dark coats,hidden like a spring flower in winter darkness,there,as if by magic,was a pink coat. “A pink coat！” Sarah cried.“I want the pink coat.” “That coat is smaller than the other ones,” Papa said. Sarah spoke up.“Im small,too.Papa,please let me try it on.Mama? Please？” “It wouldnt hurt to let her try it on,” Mama said. Without a word,the shopkeeper took the coat from the shelf and held it for Sarah. “Ohhh！” Sarah said.The coat was smooth and shiny inside like her sister Sylvias blouses.“Ahhh！” Sarah stood very straight and looked in the mirror.She looked for a very long time.In the pink coat she looked like a spring flower. “Sarah！” Mama said. Sarah looked up.Mama was standing behind her.She was holding the brown coat. “Im afraid the pink coat will only fit one year,” Mama said,taking a step closer. “And theres no one to pass it on to,” said Papa. And the shopkeeper said,“Its wise to save money.” Sarah backed away.No one was going to put her into a raincoat again.She wanted to be a flower. “Sarah！” It was Papa.He came over to her.“Youre old enough to know that you cant always have your own way,” he said seriously. “Wise and true,” said the shopkeeper. Sarah took off the pink coat,slowly. “It is her colour,though,” Mama said. “Ahh,” said the shopkeeper.“Anyone can see how the pink of the coat brings out the roses in her face.” Papa looked thoughtful for a moment. “We are lucky,”continued Mama,“that it is only one little coat for Sarah and not also new coats for Sylvia and Susan and Sally.” Papa looked from the brown coat to the pink coat.“The cows will give milk soon enough,” he said.“And how can we let Sarah wear a brown coat when she looks like a flower in this one？” “Papa！” Sarah cried,putting on the pink coat back,quickly.She threw her arms around Papas neck.“__3__” she whispered. “Like a rose in spring,” Papa said. (C)1.What did Sarah try on first? A.A big pink coat. B.A small pink coat. C.A big brown coat. D.A small brown coat. (B)2.Why did Mama want Sarah to try brown and blue? A.Because Sarah looked better in them. B.Because Sarah could wear them longer. C.Because they were big enough for Sarah. D.Because they cost less than the pink one. (A)3.What did Sarah most probably say to Papa in the end? A.How do I look? B.How does the coat look? C.I do look like a flower,dont I? D.The coat looks nice,doesnt it? (C)4.What can we know from the text? A.The pink coat is bigger than the other coats. B.The brown coat was smooth. C.The story happened in a clothes store. D.Sarah has only one sister. C(xx西寧中考改編) 社會文化類 Nowadays,phone calls and messages help us get in touch with others.It means that we seldom write letters now.But a TV show,Letters Alive(《見字如面》),is bringing back this old habit. Letters Alive invites famous actors and actresses,but there are no funny jokes or petitions.Its just one person walking up to a microphone and reading a letter.The letters were written by people from different times in history.For example,in one period,they read a letter written by famous writer Xiao Hong to her younger brother in 1941.The letter shows that Xiao Hong missed her brother so much and had great hope for his future. “Every letter opens another world for us,” according to Guan Zhangwen,the director of the TV show.“We can also touch the heart of the writers.” Since its first period on Dec.5,Letters Alive has been widely praised.Many audiences(觀眾) said that it had provided a breath of fresh air to todays TV shows. Besides Letters Alive,some other cultural TV shows have also been well received by Chinese audiences.The Chinese Poetry Conference is a traditional Chinese poetry petition.And The Readers invites people to read poems and articles they like or wrote.It suggests that cultural values and true feelings are being our interest. (B)1.Letters Alive,a TV show,invites famous people to ______. A.tell audiences jokes B.read and share letters C.walk up to a microphone to sing D.take part in different petitions (C)2.How many cultural TV shows are there in the passage? A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four. (A)3.Chinese audiences ______ these cultural TV shows. A.like B.dislike C.show no interest in D.doubt about (D)4.Which is the best title for the passage? A.Phones Have Taken the Place of Letters B.Wele to Our Cultural TV Shows C.Letters Make Us municate D.Cultural TV Shows Are Being Popular D(xx玉林中考) 自然科學(xué)技術(shù)類 Do you know what makes lightning(閃電)？Why does lightning strike(擊打)? Lightning strikes happen when ice and water in clouds rub(摩擦) together,and cause atmospheric(大氣層的) changes.When this happens,it creates a static charge(靜電).Lightning can strike inside the cloud,between two clouds or between a cloud and Earth.Its the last kind of strike that is the most dangerous for humans. Lightning can be very dangerous.Every year,lightning kills people because it can start big fires or because it reaches a temperature of 28,000 ℃.About 1,000 people are hit by lightning every year in the United States,and about 100 of them die as a result. Lightning makes people shocked,and it happens all over the world！Scientists think that there are more than three million lightning strikes every day in the world—thats thirty strikes every second(秒).An American man Roy Sullivan,who worked in a park,survived from the most lightning strikes.Between 1942 and 1983,he was hit seven times！And he keeps the highest world record. Lightning is sure not something to play with.When lightning strikes,its best to stay inside a large building.To stay safe,do not stand under trees,on hills or near water.Also,do not lie down on the ground,or the electricity may go through you and cause a heart problem. (C)1.Lightning strikes______. A.happen thirty times each day B.happen when there are big fires C.can reach a very high temperature D.can kill all those who work in a park (A)2.What does the underlined word “ survived” mean in Chinese? A.幸存　　B.選擇　　C.遇難　　D.失憶 (C)3.How many people hit by lightning die every year in America? A.About 1,000 people. B.About 28,000 people. C.About one tenth of people. D.About one fourth of people. (D)4.Wheres the safest place to stay when lightning strikes? A.Under a tree. B.Near a river. C.On the top of a hill. D.Inside a building.