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1、第第 十十 二二 章章 句句 子子 的的 種種 類類句子是具有一定語法結(jié)構(gòu),表達一個獨立完整意義的語言單位。句子按結(jié)構(gòu)可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句三類,而根據(jù)使用目的,則可分為陳述句、感嘆句、疑問句和祈使句。1. 句子的類型主語+不及物動詞 (主、謂結(jié)構(gòu)):The baby is sleeping.主語+及物動詞+賓語 (主、謂、賓結(jié)構(gòu)):The baby drinks milk every day.主語+連系動詞+表語 (主、系、表結(jié)構(gòu)):Leaves turn yellow in autumn.簡單句常見的連系動詞有:be,become,get,turn,feel,look,smell,s
2、ound,taste,seem。主語+及物動詞+間接賓語 (人)+直接賓語 (物)=主語+及物動詞+直接賓語 (物)+to/for間接賓語 (人)此類及物動詞有:give,pass,show,lend,buy等,但buy與for連用:My mother bought me a watch on my 16th birthday.主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語(作賓補的詞:名詞、形容詞、不定式、動詞-ing形式):We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.并列句由并列連詞and,or,so,while,yet,but等把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)
3、成并列句(其結(jié)構(gòu)為:簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句):My father is outgoing,but my mother is very quiet.復合句由一個主句和一個或以上的從句構(gòu)成:I really cant find out who has broken the windows.2. 句子的種類句子種類 (按使用目的分類) 陳述句(用來陳述事實)肯定句:He is fond of collecting stamps.否定句:He hasnt written a letter to his mother yet.疑問句(用來提出問題)一般疑問句: Are you a policeman?
4、 Yes,I am./No,I am not.特殊疑問句:Whats your e-mail address?反意疑問句:There are few people in the room,are there? 選擇疑問句 Do you like football or basketball? I like basketball.祈使句 (用來發(fā)出請求或命令)肯定句:Come on!No smoking! 否定句:Dont be late for school! 感嘆句(表示強烈的感情)How : How beautiful the flower is!What : What a beautif
5、ul flower it is!考 點 1 感 嘆 句感嘆句是用來表達人的特殊情感的句子,可以表達人的喜、怒、哀、樂等感情色彩。感嘆句一般由what或how開頭。what用來強調(diào)名詞,how則用來強調(diào)形容詞、副詞或動詞。1. 感嘆句的基本句型(1) What a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語:What a lovely girl she is!What an exciting match it was!若形容詞為元音音素開頭則用what an,若形容詞為輔音音素開頭則用what a。(3) How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語: How delicious the food is!(2)
6、 What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語:What beautiful pictures they are!有些不可數(shù)名詞如rain,wind,breakfast,lunch,success,surprise前面有形容詞修飾時,要用what a/an。(4) How+主語+謂語:How time flies!2. 以what開頭的感嘆句和以how開頭的感嘆句可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換,意思不變,但要改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如:What a lovely girl she is!=How lovely the girl is! (=How lovely a girl she is!)What lovel
7、y girls they are!=How lovely the girls are!熱身真題熱身真題( ) _ angry Kangkang looks! What happened? He found his mother reading his diary when he returned home yesterday.(2016福州市) A. How B. What C. What an中考真題A考 點 2 疑 問 句用以提問或表示疑問的句子叫疑問句,句末用問號。疑問句一般分為一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。一般疑問句: 助動詞和be動詞提前直接用Yes或No來回答:
8、Does she do the washing? Yes,she does./No,she doesnt 選擇疑問句(1) 一般疑問句+or+供選擇的部分: Is he reading books or doing homework? He is reading books./Reading books.(2) 特殊疑問句+A or B : Which do you like better,the red one or the green one? The red one.不能用Yes和No來回答,要用一個完整的句子或其省略形式來回答特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞 (Wh或 How)+一般疑問句不能直接
9、用Yes或No來回答,要用一個詞或詞組,也可以用一個完整的句子來回答: Where does he live? Paris./He lives in Paris.(1) how many用于詢問數(shù)量,針對可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式提問,意為 “多少”。如:How many siblings do you have.(2) how long用于詢問 “時間多長,多久”。一般針對過去時、將來時或完成時提問,不對將來時進行提問,意為 “多長,多久”。如:How long did you stay in Hong Kong last time?注意:重點關(guān)注 how引出的詞組,如how many,how lon
10、g,how often,how soon,how far的用法區(qū)分。 (3) how often用于詢問 “時間的頻率”,意為 “多久一次”。如: How often do you water the flowers?(5) how far用于詢問距離,意為 “多遠”。如:How far is it from here to the bus stop?(4) how soon意為 “多久”,強調(diào)未來還需要多長時間,針對將來時提問。如:How soon will you arrive? 真題熱身真題熱身( )1. is the nearest hospital from here? Er, it
11、s about ten minutes walk.(2016福州市) A. How long B. How far C. How often( ) 2. These shoes look cool. _ are they? They are on sale, only $69.(2016廈門市) A. How much B. How long C. How many中考真題BA考考 點點 3 祈祈 使使 句句祈使句表示命令、請求、建議或勸告等,主語通常被省略,謂語動詞用原形,句末用感嘆號或句號。基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu)例子例子答句答句肯定句動詞原形+表語/賓語! Hurry up!/Be carefu
12、l! Yes,I/we will.No,I/we wont.否定句Dont+動詞原形+表語/賓語!Dont be late!No+名詞/動名詞!No photos!/No smoking!Lets not+動詞原形Lets not play football. 真題熱身真題熱身( ) 1. Tommy, _ play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car. (2016廣東省) A. do B. dont C. must D. mustnt( ) 2. Daniel, _ play with the mobile phone while youre walking in the street. (2015鹽城市) A. dont B. doesnt C. wont D. cant中考真題BA