2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)梳理與練習(xí) Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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Unit 2　Working the land 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 Most people agree that the best way 1. (improve) your skills in any endeavor is to practice and practice and then practice some more.This applies 2. (equal) to playing sports or being a good musician, painter or doctor.Of course, natural talent also plays a part in high 3. (achieve), but learning the correct techniques and then practicing them will improve anyone’s performance. The same principle 4. (apply) to petent readers.There are certain 5. (technique) you can learn and then 6. is up to you to practice.The texts you choose to practice with should not be too difficult or you will soon get frustrated and bored.One way to test 7. a text is at the right level or not is to read the first page.If the percentage of new words is 8. (high) than 3%, you will not be able to read the text easily and so will probably not enjoy it. Reading will also be enjoyable if the subject interests you or you believe it is useful.For example, suppose in biology you were studying how plants reproduce, then you could find an English text about this 9. the Internet.That way you would be practicing reading in English as well as 10. (study) biology. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　文章向我們介紹了英語(yǔ)閱讀練習(xí)的相關(guān)技巧，強(qiáng)調(diào)練習(xí)在任何領(lǐng)域都起著重要作用。 1．to improve　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為在任何嘗試中，提升你技能最好的方式是練習(xí)、練習(xí)、再練習(xí)。the best way to do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“做某事的最佳方式”，動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語(yǔ)。 2．equally　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：這一點(diǎn)同樣適用于體育運(yùn)動(dòng)或成為一名好的音樂(lè)家、畫(huà)家或醫(yī)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，apply to為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞修飾。故填equally。 3．a(chǎn)chievement(s)　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：當(dāng)然，天賦對(duì)于取得高成就起著重要作用……設(shè)空前為介詞in，故填achieve的名詞形式achievement(s)，作賓語(yǔ)。 4．a(chǎn)pplies　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：同樣的原則適用于有能力的讀者。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，The same principle為主語(yǔ)，且此處闡述的是客觀事實(shí)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填applies。 5．techniques　解析：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：有些特定的技巧供你學(xué)習(xí)，然后練習(xí)取決于你自己。technique在此意為“技巧”，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)There are可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填techniques。 6．it　解析：考查代詞。句意見(jiàn)上一題解析。It is up to sb.to do sth.為固定句型，it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。故填it。 7．whether　解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：檢測(cè)一篇文章是否難度適中的一種方式是讀第一頁(yè)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，test為動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合句意和空后的or not可知，此處填whether。 8．higher　解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：如果生詞率高于3%，你將很難讀懂文章，因此可能也不會(huì)喜歡這篇文章。根據(jù)空后的than可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填higher。 9．on　解析：考查介詞。句意：……你可以在網(wǎng)上找到有關(guān)這一主題的英文文章。on the Internet為固定搭配，意為“在網(wǎng)上”。 10．studying　解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：你可以用那種方式練習(xí)用英語(yǔ)閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)生物。由as well as可知，practicing和設(shè)空處并列，故填studying。 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①struggle vi.&n.斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏 ②expand vt.&vi.使變大；伸展 ③export vt.&vi.輸出；出口 ④rid vt.擺脫；除去 ⑤reduce vt.減少；減縮 ⑥focus n．焦點(diǎn)；中心點(diǎn) vt.集中；聚焦 ⑦ment n．評(píng)論；議論 vi.&vt.表達(dá)意見(jiàn)；作出評(píng)論 ⑧equip vt.&vi.配備；裝備 equipment n．設(shè)備 ⑨confuse vt.使迷惑；使為難 confused adj.迷惑的 confusing adj.令人困惑的 ⑩regret vt.遺憾；惋惜 n．遺憾；懊悔 regretful adj.后悔的；遺憾的 2．常考詞匯 ①therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 ②decade n. 十年；十年期 ③output n. 產(chǎn)量；輸出 ④skim vt. 瀏覽；略讀 ⑤underline vt. 畫(huà)底線標(biāo)出；強(qiáng)調(diào) ⑥battle n. 戰(zhàn)役；戰(zhàn)斗；斗爭(zhēng)；較量 vt.&vi. 搏斗；奮斗 ⑦h(yuǎn)unger n. 饑餓；欲望 vt.&vi. (使)饑餓 hungry adj. 饑餓的 ⑧disturbing adj. 引起煩惱的；令人不安的；disturb vt. 打擾 ⑨circulate vt.&vi.循環(huán)；流傳 circulation n. 循環(huán)；流傳 ⑩ discovery n．發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺(jué) discover vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn) ?occupation n. 工作；職業(yè)；占領(lǐng) occupy vt. 占據(jù)；占領(lǐng) ?chemical adj. 化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的 n. 化學(xué)藥品；chemistry n. 化學(xué)；chemist n. 化學(xué)家 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity (product)．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 2．What does the underlined (underline) word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 3．If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed，you’re not to be disturbed (disturb)．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) 4．These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced (reduce) plant diversity in the park.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) 5．Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 6．To help you do that，your brain increases your hunger (hungry) for new experiences.(2016北京卷) 7．George Vaillant is the psychologist(心理學(xué)家) who made the discovery (discover)．(2016天津卷) 8．Most of us are more focused (focus) on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) 9．Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the harmful effects of chemicals (chemistry) on humans.(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 10．Taking melatonin (褪黑激素) drugs has been suggested to those who are_struggling (struggle) to fall asleep at night.(2016四川卷) ?“因此”家族 ①therefore adv.因此；所以；因而 ②so conj.因此，所以 ③thus adv.因此，于是 ④consequently adv.所以，因此 ⑤as a result 結(jié)果，因此 ?后綴-tion構(gòu)成的抽象名詞 ①addition 增加，增加物 ②application 請(qǐng)求，應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用 ③appreciation 欣賞，鑒賞 ④celebration 慶祝，典禮 ⑤bination 結(jié)合 ⑥concentration 集中，專心 ⑦conduction 傳導(dǎo) ⑧congratulation 祝賀 ⑨consideration 考慮，思考 ⑩construction 建造，建筑 ?動(dòng)詞“擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)大”薈萃 ①extend 延伸；擴(kuò)大 ②enlarge 擴(kuò)大；放大 ③spread 擴(kuò)展；蔓延；傳播 ④expand 擴(kuò)展；擴(kuò)張；膨脹 ⑤broaden 使……變寬，擴(kuò)展 ⑥widen 加寬，使張開(kāi)，使擴(kuò)大 ?后綴-dom 構(gòu)成的名詞一覽 ①freedom 自由 ②wisdom 智慧 ③kingdom 王國(guó) ④filmdom 電影界，電影業(yè) 【完形填空】 Falling off a boxcar and landing on my head，I lost my sight when I was four years old.Now I am thirtytwo.I can __1__ remember the brightness of sunshine.It would be wonderful to see again，__2__ a tragedy can do strange things to people. It __3__ to me that I might not have e to love life as I do now if I hadnt been blind.My parents and my teacher saw something __4__ me，and they made me want to __5__ against blindness. The hardest __6__ I had to learn was to believe in myself.If I hadnt been able to do that，I would have __7__ down for the rest of my life.When I say __8__ in myself I am not talking about __9__ the kind of selfconfidence that __10__ me down an unfamiliar staircase(樓梯)alone.But I mean something bigger than that：the assurance that I am a real positive person __11__ imperfections. It took me years to obtain this __12__.It had to start with the __13__.Once a man gave me an indoor __14__.“I cant use this，”I said.“Take it with you，” he __15__ me，“and roll it around.”The __16__ stuck in my head.“Roll it around！” By rolling the ball I could hear where it went.This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought __17__. At the School for the Blind I __18__ a new kind of baseball called the “ground ball”．All my life I have set a series of goals and then tried to reach them，one at a time.I had to learn my __19__.I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made __20__. 1．A.randomly B．a(chǎn)bruptly C．roughly D．pletely 2．A.so B．but C．thus D．a(chǎn)nd 3．A.occurred B．referred C．brought D．turned 4．A.of B．for C．to D．in 5．A.get B．fight C．find D．drop 6．A.method B．experience C．lesson D．manner 7．A.broken B．put C．settled D．lay 8．A.courage B．a(chǎn)mbition C．belief D．power 9．A.firmly B．simply C．fairly D．slightly 10．A.stops B．helps C．finds D．gives 11．A.despite B．besides C．without D．unlike 12．A.description B．existence C．a(chǎn)ccusation D．recognition 13．A.intelligence B．incident C．trouble D．determination 14．A.chair B．baseball C．game D．design 15．A.urged B．blamed C．greeted D．teased 16．A.goals B．words C．images D．ideas 17．A.valuable B．reasonable C．impossible D．unbearable 18．A.discovered B．equipped C．formed D．invented 19．A.limitations B．a(chǎn)dvantages C．puzzles D．personalities 20．A.sense B．progress C．mistakes D．decisions 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了“我”在四歲的時(shí)候失去了視力，但通過(guò)一件小事，“我”學(xué)會(huì)了自信，并逐漸取得進(jìn)步的過(guò)程。 【核心詞匯】tragedy悲劇　imperfection缺點(diǎn) on the average一般來(lái)說(shuō)　roughly粗略地 1．C　考查副詞?！拔摇彼臍q時(shí)失去視力，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)三十二歲了。由此可推知，此處表示“我”粗略地記得，故選C。roughly“粗略地，大致上”。 2．B　考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，上下文之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選B。 3．A　考查動(dòng)詞。“我”想到如果“我”沒(méi)有失明“我”可能不會(huì)像現(xiàn)在這樣熱愛(ài)生活。It occurs to sb.that...為固定句型，意為“某人想到……”。 4．D　考查介詞。“我”父母以及老師看到了“我”內(nèi)在的一些東西，他們讓“我”想要與失明作斗爭(zhēng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)選D。 5．B　考查動(dòng)詞。參見(jiàn)上題解析。fight against...“與……作斗爭(zhēng)”。 6．C　考查名詞?！拔摇睂W(xué)到的最困難的一課(lesson)就是要相信“我”自己。 7．A　考查動(dòng)詞。如果“我”做不到那樣的話，“我”可能已經(jīng)精神崩潰了。break down“(在健康或精神等方面)垮掉”。 8．C　考查名詞。根據(jù)上文中的“to believe in myself”可知，此處應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)與上文相照應(yīng)。 9．B　考查副詞?！拔摇闭f(shuō)的信心并不僅僅(simply)指幫助(helps)“我”走下陌生樓梯的自信。 10．B　考查動(dòng)詞。參見(jiàn)上題解析。 11．A　考查介詞。盡管“我”是一個(gè)不完美的人，但是“我”是一個(gè)積極的人。despite“盡管”，符合語(yǔ)境。 12．D　考查名詞?！拔摇被撕芏嗄瓴耪J(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。A項(xiàng)意為“描述”；B項(xiàng)意為“存在”；C項(xiàng)意為“控告”；D項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)識(shí)”。 13．B　考查名詞。這從一件小事開(kāi)始。A項(xiàng)意為“智慧”；B項(xiàng)意為“小事”；C項(xiàng)意為“麻煩”；D項(xiàng)意為“決心”。 14．B　考查名詞。根據(jù)下文中的“a new kind of baseball”可知，此處指棒球。 15．A　考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指他一直在敦促“我”。urge“強(qiáng)烈要求，敦促”。 16．B　考查名詞。他所說(shuō)的話(words)印在“我”的腦海中，故選B。 17．C　考查形容詞。這給了“我”一個(gè)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)”我”認(rèn)為不可能(impossible)的目標(biāo)的想法。A項(xiàng)意為“有價(jià)值的”；B項(xiàng)意為“合情理的”；C項(xiàng)意為“不可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“無(wú)法容忍的”。 18．D　考查動(dòng)詞。在盲人學(xué)?！拔摇卑l(fā)明(invented)了一種新的被稱之為“地滾球”的棒球。A項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；B項(xiàng)意為“配備”；C項(xiàng)意為“形成”；D項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)明”。 19．A　考查名詞?！拔摇辈坏貌涣私庾约旱牟蛔阒?。limitation“(某人或某物的) 局限性，不足之處”。 20．B　考查名詞。“我”有時(shí)會(huì)失敗，但一般說(shuō)來(lái)“我”取得了進(jìn)步。make progress“取得進(jìn)展”。 二．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞/副詞 ①search for 尋找；搜尋 ②turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于 ③focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于…… ④build up 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開(kāi)發(fā) ⑤lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成(后果) ⑥r(nóng)id... of 使……擺脫或除去 2．其他形式 ①would rather 寧愿；寧可 ②thanks to 幸虧；由于，因?yàn)? ③be satisfied with 對(duì)……感到滿意 ④with the hope of 懷有……的希望 ⑤keep...free from/of 使……免受(影響、傷害等)；使……不含(有害物質(zhì)) 用左欄所給短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．They tried again and again until all of us were_satisfied.(2017北京卷) 2．Studying babies’play may lead_to a better understanding of science.(2016浙江卷) 3．Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic that a person would_rather keep secret.(2016浙江卷) 4．Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks_to the fortable climate for business creation.(2016江蘇卷) 5．After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear.(2015浙江卷) ?“動(dòng)詞＋up”短語(yǔ)小結(jié) ①e up 上來(lái)，長(zhǎng)出，出現(xiàn) ②keep up 保持 ③hurry up 趕快 ④stay up 挺住，熬夜 ⑤make up 構(gòu)成，組成，編造，彌補(bǔ) ⑥speed up 加快速度 ?“動(dòng)詞＋to”短語(yǔ)薈萃 ①lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向 ②attend to 處理，專心于，照料 ③add to 增添 ④agree to 同意 ⑤e to 蘇醒 ⑥r(nóng)efer to 談到，涉及，參閱 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫(xiě)中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫(xiě) 1.If so, what did you do to grow these plants? 如果是這樣的話，你怎樣來(lái)種植這些植物？ if so 意為“如果是這樣的話”，是if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式。 這個(gè)周日你有空嗎？如果有，我們?nèi)ヒ盃I(yíng)吧。 Will you be free this Sunday? If_so，let’s go camping. 2.In 1973，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1973年，他成為世界上第一位種植高產(chǎn)水稻的農(nóng)業(yè)先驅(qū)。 the first/last/best...＋n.＋to do sth.“第一個(gè)/最后一個(gè)/最好的一個(gè)……做某事的人/物”。 她總是第一個(gè)到辦公室最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)，我猜這就是她那么快得到晉升的原因。 She is always the first person to_go_to_the_office_and_the_last_to_leave，which I guess is why she is promoted so quickly. 3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. 這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲 20%的產(chǎn)量。 “make it＋adj.＋動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 他的夢(mèng)想是奧運(yùn)會(huì)將使得各個(gè)國(guó)家和人民和平共處。 His dream was that the Olympic Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side. 4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的愛(ài)好上。 would rather do sth.“寧愿做……”。 現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的人寧愿不住在大城市里。 Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities. 【七選五】 Are you having trouble concentrating when youre reading a book or listening to a lecture？This list of activities might help to improve your study habits. Make a list.We often have trouble paying attention to one thing because our brain wants to think about something else. 1 You dont worry about whatever else you should be doing. Sleep more.Studies show that people who sleep fewer than eight hours a night for a period of time have slower response systems and more difficulty recalling information. 2 Eat healthier foods.Many people enjoy foods high in fats and sugars. 3 They might give you a temporary burst of energy.However，that energy is soon followed by a crash. Reduce screen time.This may be the most unpopular suggestion among young people.Screen time— time spent looking at cell phones，televisions，puter screens，has a clear effect on the attention span. 4 5 Concentration improves for students who participate in team sports.It could be that being active is helpful in this way.Participating in a sport trains your brain to concentrate on specific tasks，and shut out other thoughts. A．Be active. B．Practice more. C．These foods can provide enough energy for focusing. D．But these foods cant be helpful enough when it es to focusing. E．That is bad news for teens who stay up studying the night before a test. F．Researchers advise parents to limit it when their children need to be focused. G．By writing down all the things you need to do，youll gain a sense of control. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了幾種提高注意力的方法。 1．G　[根據(jù)本段的主題句“列清單”以及空后的“You dont worry about whatever else you should be doing.”可知，選G項(xiàng)。] 2．E　[根據(jù)本段的主題句“Sleep more.”和空前一句的內(nèi)容可知，選E項(xiàng)。] 3．D　[下文的“that energy is soon followed by a crash”與D項(xiàng)中的“cant be helpful enough”相對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為D。] 4．F　[本段的主題句“Reduce screen time.”與選項(xiàng)F中的“l(fā)imit it”對(duì)應(yīng)，故答案為F。] 5．A　[空處為本段的主題句，由下文的“It could be that being active is helpful in this way.”可知，答案為A。]