2019高考英語(yǔ) 詞匯考查+題型練 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Unit 1 一、詞匯復(fù)習(xí) （一）單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2015安徽黃山第二次質(zhì)檢改編)—Im afraid I have to leave now, for you see, he is waiting for me. —Well, if you ________， at least wait till the heavy rain stops. 答案：must　句意為：——恐怕現(xiàn)在我不得不離開(kāi)了，因?yàn)槟阒?，他在等我?！玫模绻惴堑米?，至少要等到大雨停了再走。根?jù)語(yǔ)境可知填must，意為“偏要；非得”。 2．(2014陜西，25改編)My book，The House of Hades, is missing.Who ______ have taken it？ 答案：could　句意為：我那本《決戰(zhàn)冥王圣殿》不見(jiàn)了。誰(shuí)會(huì)把它拿走了呢？由句意可知，設(shè)空處表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事情的一種疑問(wèn)的推測(cè)，故填could。 3．(2015天津，7改編)I ________have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me. 答案：neednt　neednt have done為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中表虛擬的用法，意思為“本不必做某事卻做了”。 4．(2015陜西，21改編)You ________feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it. 答案：may　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may表推測(cè)時(shí)，意為“或許，可能”。句意：你或許覺(jué)得所有的訓(xùn)練都是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，但是我敢百分百保證，你以后一定會(huì)感恩你這么做了。 15．(2015福建，27改編)—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again. —Oh，its too bad.You ________ have made full preparations. 答案：should　should have done“本應(yīng)該干某事而事實(shí)上沒(méi)干”。由failed可知“我”沒(méi)做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，因此用should have done。 （二）英漢互譯 1.characteristic n. __________ 2.radium n. __________ 3.painter n. __________ 4.put forward __________ 5.scientific adj. __________ 6.conclude vt. & vi. __________ 7.conclusion n. __________ 8.draw a conclusion __________ 9.analyse vt. __________ 10.△infect vt. __________ 11.△infections adj. __________ 12.△cholera n. __________ 13.defeat vt. n . __________ 14.expert adj. n__________ 15.attend vt. __________ 16.physician n. __________ 17.expose vt. __________ 18.expose…to __________ 19.deadly adj. __________ 20.cure n. vt. __________ 21.outbreak n. __________ 22.challenge n. vt. __________ 23.victim n. __________ 24.absorb vt. __________ 25.suspect vt. n. __________ 26.enquiry n. __________ 27.neighbourhood n. __________ 28.severe adj. __________ 29.clue adj. __________ 30.pump n. vt. __________ 32.foresee vt. __________ 33.investigate vt. & vi. __________ 34.△ investigation n. __________ 35.blame vt. n__________ 36.pollute vt. __________ 37.handle n. vt __________ 38.germ n. __________ 39.link vt. & n. __________ 40.link…to… __________ 41.announce vt. __________ 42.certainty n. __________ 43.instruct vt. __________ 44.responsible adj. __________ 45.construct vt. __________ 46.construction n. __________ 47.contribute vt. & vi. __________ 48.apart from __________ 49.firework n. __________ 50.chart n. __________ 51.creative adj. __________ 52.co-operative adj. __________ 53.positive adj. __________ 54.（be）strict with…__________ 56.△revolutionary adj. __________ 57.movement n. __________ 58.make sense __________ 59.backward adv. & adj. __________ 60.△loop n. __________ 61.△privately adv. __________ 62.spin vi. & vt__________ 63.△brightness n. __________ 64.enthusiastic adj. __________ 65.cautious adj. __________ 66.reject vt. __________ 67.universe n. __________ 二、閱讀理解 A Vinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planet’s population survive climate change. Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the world’s supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸鹽）—the main ponent of vinegar. After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped giving them water pletely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died. It’s hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. "In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）," Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine. Kim also told the magazine he’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn’t as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible. "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some panies, to make a method to apply this system, "he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died. 1.What is the article mainly about? A. The world’s food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts. C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts. 2.It was discovered that acetate can . A. be used by farmers to replace soil B. only be produced by the Arabidopsis C. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil 3.What are the target plants of the experiment? A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis. C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis. 4.Jong Myong Kim’s experiment of trying out the method . A. can make people’s trips pleasant B. turned out a worldwide success C. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants D. appeals to many flower growing panies 【文章大意】 本文屬于科普類文章。醋不僅使食物味道更好，還可以用它來(lái)清潔你的窗戶。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)醋中生長(zhǎng)的植物，使它們更耐干旱。 1.D 【解析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要講述了醋能讓植物在干旱的環(huán)境中生存，即能抗擊干旱，故選D。 3.C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the world—rice, wheat and maize—and the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，主要針對(duì)大米，小麥和玉米等。故選C。 4.D 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的第一句“Kim…h(huán)e’s already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing panies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已與對(duì)此感興趣的花卉種植公司聯(lián)系，也就是吸引這些公司。故選D。 B “Hungary？”I looked at my school headmaster in confusion.“I never mentioned wanting to go to Hungary.”And with that，my adventure started. My name is Jonathan Diamond and I just finished an amazing school exchange year in Hungary. Going on an exchange had always been my dream.When my high school offered an allyear program，I jumped at the opportunity.It would pay for almost everything and all I had to do was buy a plane ticket.I knew where I wanted to go：Spain，the country of dancers wearing flowing red dresses.So when I heard that I was going to Hungary，I was pretty shocked.But I decided to make the best of it，since it was，after all，a onceinalifetime opportunity.Before I knew it，I was on the airplane，leaving for Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport，Hungary. I had difficult times when I almost gave up.Hungarian is the hardest language on the planet.Cultural differences occasionally embarrassed both my peers and me.I had to give up eating carrots，my beautiful favorite，for Hungarians think carrots are rubbish in their country.The change in the landscape was amazing，looking nothing like skyscrapers，bullet trains，cars，and people in tiny houses that I had been accustomed to.Gradually，I fell in love with the relaxing lifestyle，the warmhearted people，and getting home at 2：30 p．m.at the latest from school.And I was sad to leave on my very last day. Having the host family who took me as one of their own members was the best thing I’ve ever experienced.From my little sisters，I learned how to embrace life to its fullest.From my brothers I learned that it’s OK for a boy to run around the house.From my host parents I learned to stay positive，to smile and that when you pick the right people and take their hands，suddenly，you bee friends. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇記敘文，講述作者作為一個(gè)交換生在國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷和感受。 1．How did Jonathan feel when he was told to go to Hungary? A．Excited and satisfied. B．Confused and shocked. C．Amazed and embarrassed. D．Delighted and interested. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“I looked at my school headmaster in confusion.”可知，作者聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息很迷惑，再結(jié)合第三段中的“So when I heard that I was going to Hungary，I was pretty shocked.”可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。 2．Why did Jonathan still decide to go to Hungary instead of Spain? A．He didn’t like Spain. B．He wanted to learn Hungarian. C．It was a rare chance. D．Going to Hungary was much cheaper. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But I decided to make the best of it，since it was，after all，a onceinalifetime opportunity.”可知，作者決定充分利用這次機(jī)會(huì)，因?yàn)楫吘惯@是一次千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。a rare chance“一次罕見(jiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)”。 3．What can we learn about Jonathan during his stay in Hungary? A．He fell in love with eating carrots. B．He couldn’t wait to leave. C．He was surprised by the landscape. D．He quickly got used to the life there. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The change in the landscape was amazing”可知選項(xiàng)C正確。 4．According to Jonathan，the host family ． A．changed him pletely B．taught him how to dance well C．treated him as equally as a student D．showed him the good things of life D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，作者從寄宿家庭那里學(xué)到了很多人生哲學(xué)，他們向作者展現(xiàn)了生活中美好的事情，故選項(xiàng)D正確。 三、七選五 In our fast world of phones，fax machines and puters，the oldfashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. 1 There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents. Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother.My mother，also，always insisted I write my own thankyou letters for Christmas and birthday presents. 2 When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London，I would write once a week，and so would my mother.Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long，amusing letters. 3 Of course，we also made phone calls but it is the letters that I remember most. There were also letters from my boyfriends.In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter. 4 I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking. I love the letters that e with birthday or Christmas cards.Notes are appreciated，but how much better to have a years supply of news！And its better still when its an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps. 5 Like my mother before me，I insist they write their own thankyou letters.My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to bee another“l(fā)ost art”． A．Poor handwriting can spoil(破壞)your enjoyment of a letter. B．We had been corresponding(通信)for 29 years but had never met. C．I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition. D．It didnt matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters. E．But instead of harming the relationships，letter writing seemed to improve them. F．Yet，to me，receiving a letter cannot be matched by any other form of munication. G．The letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了作者對(duì)書(shū)信這種溝通方式的青睞和對(duì)書(shū)信藝術(shù)逐漸消失的擔(dān)憂。 1．F　[根據(jù)下句“There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents.”可推知，收到信對(duì)作者來(lái)講是一件無(wú)比愉悅的事情，所以選F項(xiàng)。] 2．D　[根據(jù)本段第一句“Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.”可知，書(shū)信是作者生活中不可或缺的一部分，對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，只要是信就好，無(wú)論多短或多不整潔，所以選D項(xiàng)。] 3．G　[根據(jù)上文可知，作者和父母通信，由此可推知，這些信都是關(guān)于父母的一些生活瑣事以及他們的朋友的狀況的，所以選G項(xiàng)。] 4．E　[根據(jù)下句“I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.”可推知，此處應(yīng)描述書(shū)信溝通的優(yōu)勢(shì)，與上文的“In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter.”呼應(yīng)，所以選E項(xiàng)。] 5．C　[根據(jù)下文的“My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.”可知，作者自己的孩子也像作者一樣繼承了寫信的傳統(tǒng)，所以選C項(xiàng)。]