高考英語新題型研讀與訓練、?應用文寫作含解析+高三二模作文：減去繁復，加點從容

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高考英語新題型研讀與訓練、 應用文寫作含解析+高三二模作文：減去繁復，加點從容新題型 應用文寫作2016 年 10 月起，浙江省高考英語科目啟用了新題型，其中寫作分為兩部分，第一部分為應用文寫作，要求考生根據(jù)所給情景，寫一篇 80 詞左右的短文。【題型分析】應用文屬實用文體，有嚴格的語境限制，比如確定的時間、地點，確定的對象、范圍，確定的行文目的等。因此，應用文寫作應力求主旨鮮明，格式正確，語言簡練，語氣因人因事而異。書信、電子郵件是常見的應用文寫作考查題型，主要包括詢問信、致歉信、致謝信、慰問信、投訴信、邀請信、介紹信、求職信等，其次應用文還有：通知、發(fā)言稿、便條、日記、通知、調(diào)查報告扥。寫作時要注意格式正確，包含稱呼語（salutation），正文（body），結(jié)束語（complimentary close），簽名（signature）。如在 2016 年 10 月的試卷中，應用文寫作的要求是給未曾謀面的加拿大的住家（homestay）寫一封咨詢信（Letter of Inquiry）。寫作時遣詞應盡量客氣一些，行文應力求具有親和力，切忌使用一些艱深的大詞，也不宜使用一些結(jié)構(gòu)過于雜糅的長句。3、對學生能力的要求應用文相對于之前高考中的議論文、記敘文，更要求應用性、規(guī)范性、簡明性。這要求學生對各個文體尤其是郵件和信件格式的熟悉掌握，且需注意應用文所要求的語言表達與議論文、記敘文的區(qū)別。因此我們會著重培養(yǎng)學生的格式熟悉度以及相關(guān)重要句式的表達。假定你是李華，你校英語協(xié)會招聘志愿者，接待來訪的國外中學生。請你寫信應聘，內(nèi)容包括：1. 口語能力：2. 相關(guān)經(jīng)驗；3. 應聘目的。注意：1. 詞數(shù) 80 左右；2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【思路點撥】本篇書面表達屬于應用文，要求寫應聘信。第一步：根據(jù)提示可知，學校英語協(xié)會招聘志愿者，接待來訪的國外中學生。要求寫封應聘信，內(nèi)容包括：1. 口語能力：2. 相關(guān)經(jīng)驗；3. 應聘目的。第二步：根據(jù)寫作要求確定關(guān)鍵詞（組）。第三步：根據(jù)提示和關(guān)鍵詞（組）進行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。第四步：連句成文，注意使用恰當?shù)倪B詞進行句子之間的銜接和過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰，保持整潔美觀的卷面是非常重要的。本文內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。另外全文中沒有中國式英語的句式，顯示了很高的駕馭英語的能力?！痉段摹緿ear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association.I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of English. What’s more, I am kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.I’m particularly interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English capabilities and interpersonal communication skills.Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.Yours faithfully,Li Hua寫好應用文的第一步是準確審題。審題并不僅僅指讀題，而是一個思維過程。審題可以從以下幾個方面入手：1、判斷體裁應用文的種類繁多，按其性質(zhì)可分為一般性應用文和公務文書。一般性應用文包括書信、便條、請?zhí)?、聘書、海報、啟事、證明、電報、便函等；公務文書包括布告、通告、指示、命令、請示等。本試題創(chuàng)設(shè)了一個語言情境，讓考生以李華的身份給英國朋友 Chris 寫一封電子郵件，邀請他參加郊游。也就是說，試題要求考生寫一封邀請信，這屬于一般性應用文中最常見的類型：書信。2、確定格式不同類型的應用文其格式和結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的。本試題的格式是書信，要求寫明寫信的對象（即稱呼）和寫信人（即署名），正文前可適當添加問候語，如＂How are you doing？＂或＂Long time no see。＂等?？忌仨毷熘獣蓬悜梦牡母袷?，準確寫出稱呼語、標點、結(jié)尾語和署名，以符合英語的寫作習慣。3、理清要點邀請信中需要包括三個要點：告知參加者、郊游的時間和地點、活動內(nèi)容 ——登山和野餐。當然考生可適當增加細節(jié)，如組織郊游的目的、登山中可以做什么、除登山和野餐外是否有其他的活動、參加郊游的意義等等。在整理要點時，考生應該特別注意以下 3 點：這是一次郊游，而不是到外地或到國外去游玩的長途旅行。郊游的時間應該具體到某一天，不要籠統(tǒng)地說下周，最好告知幾點鐘集合出發(fā)。既要介紹郊游的地點，又要盡量避免透露考生信息。例如：若考生寫到 Yandang Mountain 表明該考生可能來自溫州地區(qū)，若考生寫到 the West Lake 表明該考生可能來自杭州地區(qū)。那么怎樣巧妙地避免這個問題呢？考生可以將地點模糊化，如使用 Green Mountain， the Central Park 等。4、明確對象寫作對象決定了考生該使用的語言和語氣、寫信人和收信人之間的關(guān)系、書信用語的正式度和委婉程度等。本試題中，考生的身份是學生，寫作的對象是考生的外籍朋友。既然是朋友，兩者是平輩的關(guān)系，就不適合使用過度的敬辭或謙辭，如 ＂I would appreciate it if you could come。＂；朋友之間一般會用＂Hope to see you there。＂或＂Hope you can make it。＂。既然是朋友，彼此應該熟知對方的 email 地址，看到寄信人的地址就應該知道是誰的來信，所以在郵件的開頭根本沒有必要介紹自己的身份。如有些考生寫道：＂I’m Li Hua， your friend。＂明顯就不符合邏輯和常識。5、分析語言應用文作為一種實用性文體，是用來說明事實、解決實際問題的，側(cè)重于＂以事告人＂。所以語言要求自然得體、樸實無華、開門見山、清晰流暢。本試題是邀請信，首先要掌握的是常用套語，例如在書信的開頭常用：＂I’m writing to invite you to …＂信件的結(jié)尾常用：＂Looking forward to your early reply。＂或＂I really hope you can come。＂等。其次，邀請信中的書面用語要符合朋友關(guān)系的身份設(shè)定，切忌使用過度的敬辭或謙辭。時態(tài)應以一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時態(tài)為主。應用文常用句型及習慣表達1. 書信開頭I was delighted/glad to receive your letter. 很高興收到你的來信。 I have received your letter of June the 29th. 我收到了你于 6 月 29 日的來信。How’s it going? 最近怎么樣？ You asked me about(problem, question.), now let me give you some advice. 你在來信中詢問我……，現(xiàn)在讓我給你一些建議。 It has been a long time since we met. 我們很久沒見面了。How time flies! It’s three months since I saw you last time. 時間過得真快！我們有三個月沒見面了。 I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 我寫信是為了感謝你對我在美國期間的幫助。 2. 結(jié)尾 I am looking forward to receiving your letter. 我期待你的來信。 I am looking forward to your early reply. 我期待您早日回復。Please write to me as soon as possible. 請盡快回信。 Good luck./ Wish you the best. 祝你好運！ With best wishes. 致以我誠摯的祝福。 Wish you sucess. 祝你成功。 Wish you a pleasant journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Please remember me to your family. 請代我向你的家人問好。I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 請盡快回信，我將不勝感激。 應用文常見文體寫作模板1. 感謝信 (Letter of Thanks)寫作模板Dear ________(對象), I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for________________________________(感謝的原因). If it had not been for your assistance in________________________________(對方給你的具體幫助), I fear that I would have been________________________________(沒有對方幫助會產(chǎn)生的后果). Everyone agrees that it was you who ________________________________(給出細節(jié)). Again, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you. Please accept my sincere thanks. Yours Sincerely,Li Hua 2. 道歉信 (Letter of Apology)寫作模板 1Dear ________(對象),I am truly sorry that ___________________________________(道歉的原因).The reason is that ______________________________________(介紹原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming寫作模板 2Dear ________(對象),I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that ①______________ (直接表達自己不能實現(xiàn)先前的愿望或約定). ②Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret__________ (表達歉意). ③Please accept my sincere apology__________(誠懇希望對方能接受道歉). ④I fear you are displeased at _________(表達出自己的心情，并請求對方原諒).⑤I hope you will understand me and excuse me for__________(過渡句). ⑥Let me explain(開始介紹道歉的原因). ⑦The reason for my delay/absence was that _________(闡述自己當時的處境和情況). ⑧I had no way out because ___________ (總結(jié)自己道歉的原因). ⑨Therefore it’s not in my power to ___________(希望下次再次實現(xiàn)愿望). ⑩Naturally, I want to suggest ____________. I shall be glad if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you____________(約定下次約會的時間和地點)We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.Sincerely Yours, Li Hua3. 邀請信 (Letter of Invitation)寫作模板Dear________,There will be a________(內(nèi)容) at/in________(地點) on________(時間). We would be honored to have you there with us.The occasion will start at________________(具體時間). This will be followed by a________(進一步的安排). At ________________(時間), we will have ________________________(另一個安排).I really hope you can make it. RSVP before_________________________(通知你的最后期限).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua4. 推薦信 (Letter of Recommendation)寫作模板Dear ______ ,①It affords me much pleasure to recommend ______(要推薦的人)to you.②During his/her graduate years he/she was my ______ . ③As his/her ______ I found him/her ______. (介紹與此人的關(guān)系)④His/Her performance in the school years was outstanding. ⑤First, he/she had been and showed great talents in ______ . ⑥In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality. ⑦He/She has developed a strong sense of ______, and working with him/her is always pleasant. ⑧I can state that he/she has all the qualities of being ______.(介紹此人的能力)⑨Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. ⑩Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university？I am sure that his/her future work will prove worthy of your trust. I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.Yours Sincerely,Li Ming5. 建議信 (Letter of suggestion)寫作模板Dear________,You have asked me for my advice with regard to________________, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here.In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following actions: ________________(建議的內(nèi)容).I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details.Good luck with your________________(祝愿).Yours Sincerely,Li Hua6. 申請信 (Letter of Application)寫作模板Dear Sir or Madam,I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in________________________(報紙名稱) of________________________(廣告發(fā)布時間).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but also I have the right personality for a ______________ (工作名稱). On one hand, _____________________(第一個原因). On the other hand, ______________________(另一個原因).Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at________________________(電話號碼).Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours Sincerely, Li Hua5. 祝賀信 (Letter of Congratulations)祝賀信模板Dear_______,(1)I have learned with delight that you______.(2)I would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on __ __.(3)You must be very proud of your ______.(4)And I feel very happy for you.(5)____ _ is quite exciting news!(6)You are really__ .(7)I know this is surely owing to__ _ .(8)It is a reward you deserve for your __ .(9)With your___ __, I am sure that you will be a success in whatever you undertake.(10)Kindly let me know when you____ .(11) I hope .(12)My best wishes for your further success.Sincerely Yours, Li Ming (1)獲悉值得祝賀的消息，說出祝賀事由(2)表達祝賀(3)描述對方的心情(4)表達自己的心情(5)被祝賀人所取得的成績(6)對對方的贊美(7)對方取得成績的原因(8)對對方取得成績的肯定，說出被祝賀人的優(yōu)點(9) 被祝賀人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，表達對對方的祝福(10)咨詢對方的情況和時間(11)表達愿望(12)表達自己真誠的祝福7.投訴信Dear ______, ①I am ______（自我介紹）. ②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about ______. ③The reason for my dissatisfaction is ______（總體介紹）. ④In the first place, ______（抱怨的第一個方面）. ⑤In addition, ______（抱怨的第二個方面）. ⑥Under these circumstances, I find it ______（感覺）to______（抱怨的方面給你帶來的后果）. ⑦I appreciate it very much if you could ______（提出建議和請求）, preferably ______（進一步的要求）, and I would like to have this matter settled by ______（設(shè)定解決事情最后期限）. ⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.8.演講稿/發(fā)言稿模板①Boys and girls/Ladies and gentlemen,It’s a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech._________（表示榮幸）My name is __________.（自我介紹）The topic of my speech is ___________.（提出演講主題）To begin with, many people suggest that ___________.（話題或現(xiàn)象列舉）Secondly, ___________. Thirdly, ___________ .What I want to stress is that ___________.（重申主題）For one thing, . For another, . Besides, ___________.（原因或重要性列舉）In a word, ___________.（總結(jié)）模板②Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone,It’s nice to see all of you here. I feel honored to have opportunity to give/make/deliver you a speech is a great pleasure for me to speak here. The topic of my speech is ___________________./Today I will talk about ________________. /It’s nice to talk /speak about…(演講的主題) First of all, ___________________. Besides, ________________. Secondly, _________________________. What’s more, __________________(具體內(nèi)容)As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, _____________. From what has been discussed above, we can safely draw the conclusion that ____________. Thanks for your attention/listening.(總結(jié)演講)9.日記模板一(月、日、年、星期、天氣)(標題)Today/Yesterday, I/we .(事件)In the morning, we ______________; then ______________; after that______________ . By the time we had a good time. Finally . I’ll never forget the memorable day! ______________________________________ (事件經(jīng)過)From this activity, I have learned that/I think . ______________ (事件意義和自己的感想)模板二Date Day of the week Today is ______________. This afternoon I went to ______________. Then I______________. Sitting on the train, I thought ______________. At the next station, ______________. She looked ______________. I hesitated ______________. The old lady ______________. Seeing her smile, I _______________. I will ______________. 10.便條_____________(稱呼)I’m going ____________________, and won’t be back until ___________________. I have ________________________________________________________________________.(交代留便條的原因)At about 1 o’clock this afternoon, _________called, saying that ______________. She left __________________, but said that ___________________. She wanted you to ____________. She has already __________________.(便條內(nèi)容)_________1 (2017·浙江卷)假定你是李華，計劃組織一次郊游，請給你的英國朋友 Chris寫封郵件邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1. 參加者；2. 時間、地點；3. 活動：登山、野餐等。注意：1. 詞數(shù) 80 左右；2. 可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】Dear Chris,How are you now? ①The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outgoing for us these days. I would be honored to have you there with us, enjoying the colorful days.The occasion will start on the next Sunday morning. ②We will go to Siming Mountain, where we can have a climb. What’s more, we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.I really hope you can make it. And I do look forward to receiving your reply letter as soon as possible.2（2018·新課標卷 I）假定你是李華，你的新西蘭朋友 Terry 將去中國朋友家做客，發(fā)郵件向你詢問有關(guān)習俗。請你回復郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．到達時間；2．合適的禮物；3．餐桌禮儀。注意：1．詞數(shù) 100 左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【寫作指導】本文是一篇書信類應用文寫作。餐桌禮儀也是考生比較熟悉的話題。成文時注意以下幾點：一、內(nèi)容要點要齊全 1．到達時間；2．合適的禮物；3．餐桌禮儀。二、時態(tài)：主要用一般現(xiàn)在時和將來時；三、人稱：二、三人稱。四、注意使用恰當?shù)母呒壴~匯、短語或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、適當使用一些連接詞和插入語，使文章表達自然、流暢?！痉段摹緿ear Terry,How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.If you have any other problems, please don’t hesitate to contact me. Yours Li Hua3 假定你是李華，你的英國筆友 Peter 沉溺于網(wǎng)絡游戲不能自拔，甚至不聽父母勸阻想要離家出走。請根據(jù)以下要點提示，寫信勸他放棄這個想法。1.網(wǎng)癮的危害；2.要尊重父母并道歉；3.建議他管理好自己的時間。注意：1.詞數(shù) 80 左右；可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出；不計入總詞數(shù)。Dear Peter,I’m sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’m looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Peter,I’m sorry to hear that you have decided to leave home because of your conflict with your parents.I think it’s unwise to make such a decision. Addicted to playing online games, you are not only wasting your I’m looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua4假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國朋友 Tom 來信詢問霧霾嚴重時你校如何保證正常上課。請你根據(jù)以下要點給 Tom 回信：1.政府在學校安裝新風系統(tǒng)；2.家長捐獻空氣凈化器；3.學校減少戶外活動。參考詞匯：霧霾 haze；新風系統(tǒng) fresh air system；空氣凈化器 air purifier注意：1.詞數(shù) 80 左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】Dear Tom,I am writing in response to your concern about ways of ensuring normal teaching activities in our school in case of heavy haze. Thanks for your concern anyway.Several parties are involved in fighting haze. First of all, the government has funded the installation of the fresh air system. Second, enthusiastic parents have donated enough air purifiers which help improve the air quality. What’s more, our school limits the time for outdoor activities, exposing us to as little polluted air as possible.Thanks to the joint efforts, we are now enjoying our school life.Yours,Li HuaOrDear Tom,Thanks for your concern about heavy haze affecting normal teaching activities in our school. We have actually taken several practical measures to handle it.I do believe this disturbing issue will be solved pretty soon in China. z!xx~kYours,Li Hua5假如你是李華。你的美國網(wǎng)友 Peter 來信詢問你校學生社團的開展情況。請你給他寫封回信，要點包括：1.學生社團簡介；2.特色學生社團。注意：1.詞數(shù) 80 左右；2.可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Dear Peter,I am writing to make a brief introduction to the student societies in our school, in which you show interest in your letter._________________________________________________________________________________What about the student societies in your school? I am expecting to exchange more with you in the future.Yours,Li Hua【范文】Dear Peter,I am writing to make a brief introduction to the student societies in our school, in which you show interest in your letter.The student societies in our school come in many varieties. First of all, there are societies where we develop our hobbies and interests, and broaden our horizons. What’s more, if you are interested in making things and improving your skills, you can join such societies as “Kite Flying“.What about the student societies in your school? I am expecting to exchange more with you in the future.Yours,Li Hua高三二模作文：減去繁復，加點從容人生，與數(shù)學有著相似之處，卻又遠遠高于數(shù)學，其中自然處處蘊含加減法，但并非簡單的數(shù)字相加，它關(guān)乎生活方式、心靈成長，更關(guān)乎造就不同人或困擾或愉快等深層次的內(nèi)心感受。于我看來，唯有減去繁復，加點從容，方才是人生中加減法的智慧所在。生活自然并非一帆風順，愜意到不遇波瀾。當生活褪去紋飾的面具，為生存溫飽的追尋、權(quán)利地位的探求以及挫折困頓接踵而至，我們難免陷入物質(zhì)的漩渦之中。我們無法否認，正如狄更斯所言，這是最好的時代，這是最差的時代，這是希望之春，這是失望之冬。在這個愈發(fā)競爭激烈的社會中，我們總在不斷地追尋更高的名利，更大的物質(zhì)價值與成功，卻忽略了轉(zhuǎn)向自己內(nèi)心深處更廣更豐富的內(nèi)涵所在。我們不可否認，物質(zhì)是人生最為基本的所需，沒有它們精神無法寄托，時代社會無以發(fā)展。但若將物質(zhì)作為所有追求，目光也確實狹隘了些，自然免不了終被其所累，整日忙碌奔波而痛苦不堪。然而，正如白落梅在《林徽因傳》中提筆寫下那樣：生活，本不是乞討，無論日子有多窘迫，都要從容度過，方才不辜負一世韶華。是的，我們的生活需要減去反復，加點從容。這是錢鐘書先生家中四壁空空，唯掛一幅畫于中央，靜心在簡易的書桌旁潛心寫作的淡??；這是現(xiàn)代小說鼻祖福樓拜遠離巴黎喧鬧，居住市郊每日準時看日出寫作的不受干擾；是陶淵明不為五斗米折腰的傲骨。然而，對于處于網(wǎng)絡信息膨脹，各種娛樂方式、各類理論傳聞，以及不同追名逐利之風下的我們所難辦到的。有人稱這個時代是后狂歡時代。人們看似熱鬧繁復，人們每天工作外又深陷于各種社會社交場合，試問在這種狂歡和繁復后，內(nèi)心是否反而蕩起一種孤獨與空洞？《娛樂至死》中寫道：我們終會被所熱愛的事物所毀滅。這不禁讓我想起木心先生和他晚年身處的烏鎮(zhèn)，她如同一個歸來的“外星人”，不限于生活中的紅塵喧囂，潛心于藝術(shù)文學。他的生活便是減去了繁復，人們每天工作外又深陷于各種社會社交場合，試問在這種狂歡和繁復后，內(nèi)心是否反而蕩起一種孤獨與空洞？《娛樂至死》中寫道：我們終會被所熱愛的事物所毀滅。這不禁讓我想起木心先生和他晚年身處的烏鎮(zhèn)，她如同一個歸來的“外星人”不限于生活中的紅塵喧囂。潛心于藝術(shù)文學。他的生活便是減去了繁復，加了點從容。在離開人世之前，也終因內(nèi)心的豐盈充實，自然而淡然，留下那一句“山啊，水啊，一頂橋” 的詩意。是的，對于我們每個人來說，生活方式還可以再簡樸些，功名利祿可以再淡化些，而精神境界可再充實些，心靈也再豐盈一些。生活不是眼前的茍且，還有詩有遠方的田野，唯有減去繁復加點從容，才可以體悟宇宙人生之浩瀚、精神心靈之樂。