2022年高考英語一輪復習：閱讀理解標題主旨大意 專項練習題（Word版含答案）.docx

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1、2022年高考英語一輪復習：閱讀理解標題主旨大意專項練習題 The first organized system for sending messages began in Egypt around 1500 B. C. This system developed because the pharaohs frequently needed (o send messages up and down (he Nile River in order to keep their empire running smoothly. Later, the Persians developed a mor

2、e efficient system for sending messages using men and horses. Message can iers rode along the road system stretching from one end of the Persian Empire to the other. Along these roads, fresh men and horses waited at special stations to take and pass along any messages that needed to sent. The statio

3、ns where riders passed messages back and forth were built 23 kilometers apart, so the men and horses were able to travel quickly between them. The Romans later took up the idea and improved it by using a more advanced and extensive road system. In China, however, Kublai Khan had built up his own sy

4、stem for delivering messages. This system worked in the same basic way as the Roman system. The difference was that Kublai Khan kept 300.000 horses along the roads of his delivery lines. There were over 10,000 stations where a message would be passed from one rider to another with a fresh horse. In

5、this way, Kublai Khan could receive messages from anywhere in the country in only a few days. 1( was not until (he 1500s that a well-organized postal system appeared again in Europe. One family the von Taxis family, gained the right to deliver mail for the Holy Roman Empire and pans of Spain. This

6、family continued to carry mail, both government and private, throughout Europe for almost 300 years. In 1653, a Frenchman, Renouard de Velayer, estabLished a system for delivering post in Paris. Postal charges at that time were paid by the recipient, but de Velayer's system was unique by allowing t

7、he sender to pre-pay the charges, in a similar way to the modern stamp. Unfortunately, de Velayer's system came to an end when jealous competitors put live mice in his letter boxes, ruining his business. Eventually, government-controlled postal systems took over from private postal businesses, and b

8、y the 1700s government ownership of most postal systems in Europe was an accepted fact of life. The thing (hat all these early systems had in common was that they were quite expensive for public use, and were intended for use by the government and the wealthy, However, in 1840, a British school-tea

9、cher named Roland Hill suggested introducing postage stamps, and a postal rate based on weight. This resulted in lowering postal rates, encouraging more people to use the system to slay in touch with each other, His idea helped (he British postal system begin to earn profits as early as 1850. Soon a

10、fter that many other countries took up Mr, Hill's idea, and letter writing became accessible to anyone who could write. Today, (he Roland Hill awards are given each year to "encourage and reward fresh ideas which help promote philatcly'Xstamp collecting). 1. What is the main topic of the passage?

11、9. What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A. Pursuit of economic interest threatens polar bears' existence. B. Protective measxires were not considered important in the past. C. Human activities have led to the reduction of offshore pack ice. D. The development of petrol industry has forced the

12、bears to leave. 10. What is Larson's attitude towards the regulation of human activities in Alaska? A. Approving. B. Critical. C. Worried. D. Hopeful. 11. What is the main idea of the text? A. Attention should be paid to protecting polar bears. B. Technology should be applied to identify polar

13、bears. C. More efforts are necessary to monitor polar bear dens. D. It's very difficult to successfully locate polar bear dens. 9 Coffee is probably the world's least expensive success power tool. Coffee builds better teams and increases your leadership ability. Coffee also increases your immuni

14、ty（免疫力）.Unfortunately, we may not be enjoying the benefits or pleasures of coffee too much longer. According to ecologists, there's a good chance that in 20 or 30 years, the varieties of coffee that we drink today will be extinct. The problem, of course, is climate change. Successful coffee cultiva

15、tion（培育）has three conditions; a warm, highly stable tropical（熟、帶的）climate with an altitude that keeps air temperature between 18 and 20 degrees Celsius; rich soil full of natural nutrients and enough sunshine; an ecological environment that's pest and disease resistant. Coffee is a crop that is onl

16、y grown in a thin band called the coffee belt. Unfortunately, "the coffee bell" is extremely sensitive to climate change, which makes scientists rather worried. If the air is too cold or too hot, it harms the growth of the coffee plant. Moreover, climate change creates environmental stress, which sp

17、reads parasites, pests and plant diseases. Almost all the coffee cultivated in the world today is one of two species, arabica or robusta, both of which might be wiped out in this way. There are other species of coffee, and scientists are hoping that, if worse comes to worst, a different species can

18、 replace coffee. Unfortunately, almost all of these species exist only in Ethiopia, a country that climate change is already happening. The country faces numerous development challenges that exacerbate the harm caused by climate change, including increases in temperature, unpredictability of season

19、al rain and increased droughts and other extreme events. In other words, even as climate change threatens coffee as it exists today, climate change is also eating away at the root source to which we might turn to for replacement species. 28. What docs the author want to stress in Paragraph 1? A. C

20、offee will be replaced in the near future. B. Coffee is of great benefit to health. C. Coffee makes people harder to get sick. D. Coffee may lose variety in a few decades. 29. Why are scientists concerned about coffee? A. It may be wiped out by a deadly disease. B. It will be replaced by a bet

21、ter substitute. C. It probably can't adapt to climate change. D. It might be seriously affected by pests. 30. What docs the underlined word “exacerbate" in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Detect.B. Worsen. 31. What's the best title for the text? A. Treasure Your Time with Coffee C. Clima

22、te Determines Coffee Quality C. Substitute. D. Assess. B. Climate Changes Cause Huge Effects D. Treat Yourself to Wonderful Coffee 10 The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world. This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East, and

23、 allowed the exchange of goods, technology, and ideas between the two civilizations. Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk. The main Silk Road started in Chang'an (known today as Xi'an), the early Han capital. Travelers commencing their journey from

24、 this city could take a northern route that would take them across China's northwestern provinces. After this, they would face the Gobi Desert, arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road. The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This feature made it easi

25、er for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert. Like other deserts, the Gobi Desert is dry and hot, and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels. So, rest stops were creat

26、ed along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there. Usually, the rest stops were placed within a day's joumey of each other. In this way, travelers could avoid spending too much time

27、 in the desert, which would make them targets for robbers, another danger of the Silk Road. Once through the Gobi Desert, travelers would continue their joumey into Iran, Turkey, and finally Europe. Whilst this pail of the journey may have been less dangerous, it is not entirely without its perils.

28、 28. The underlined word "it" in the first paragraph refers to. A. making huge profitsB. traveling the Silk Roadexchanging goods and ideas D. connecting different civilizations 29. Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts? A. The desert s surface was easier to walk on. B. Came

29、ls for transportation were easier to find. C. It was smaller and could be crossed in less time. D. There were more natural water sources available. 30. What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert? A. Travelers were offered free accommodation. B. They were located around the edges

30、of the desert. C. Travelers staying there were often attacked by criminals. D. They were shared by travelers from different countries. 31. What is the passage mainly about? A. The origins of the Silk Road. B. The benefits of the Silk Road. C. The difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers. D.

31、The cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers. 答案CBCA 1. ADABDBAD 2. ABBCCACA 3. ADCBBACD 4. DAACDCBA 5. BADC A. How international letters travelA surprising method for delivering mail. B. The history of postal systems. C. Changes in the methods of communication. 2. Which of the followi

32、ng statements about Renouard de Velayer is true? A. His system was a govemmenl-controlled system. B. His competitors destroyed his business. C. His system lasted fbr hundreds of years. D. In his system, the person who received the letter paid the postage fees. 3. Which of the systems mentioned

33、in (he passage was most like the postal system today? A. Egyptian. B. Chinese. C. De Vclaycr's.D. Von Taxis's. 4. What was Roland Fall's greatest achievement? A. He made letter writing accessible to the average person. B. He made a lot of money for the British postal system. C. He made stamp co

34、llecting a popular hobby. D. He won an award fbr letter writing. 2 There are many ways we can enjoy sport - watching it on TV or a smartphone, attending an event at a stadium or even playing the game. But for (hose who enjoy gelling competitive with their computer gaining, there are realistic-loo

35、king games with lifelike graphics to be played without leaving home. It's this type of sport - if that's what we can call it 一 that has become big business. And interest in it has gone to a new level. Initially, grabbing a joystick or controller and playing a game was a solitary activity. Bui aroun

36、d 20 years ago computers became cheaper and the internet became faster, which made it much easier fbr more people (o get involved with computer gaming. This led to gamers connecting with each other around the world, so they could go head-to-head online. It also became a spectator sport, with people

37、watching others play. The whole experience has been given the name 4 esports *- electronic sports. Now. huge esports tournaments take place all over the world in big arenas with large crowds. Die-hard enthusiasts, who have become first-rate players, arc now well-known - some play together in teams.

38、 Its top stars can earn millions of dollars a year, without even breaking into a sweat! And fans from around the world tune in to watch the action online. The global audience is now estimated at more than 200 million and growing. Annual revenues from esports, currently around 650 million dollars for

39、 events, continue to rise with billions more generated through video games sales. Famous football clubs are now trying to get in on the action. England's Football Association for example launched its first esports team this year, known as the eLions. It recruited Fifa 19 players to represent them a

40、t the inaugural Fifa eNations Cup. Mark Bullingham, the FA's chief commercial and football development officer, said "The FA prides itself on being a modern, innovative organisation that strives to engage and inspire all generations of football fans."Bu( while this virtual version of football might

41、give aspiring footballers a chance to get closer to the real game, some might argue the lack of physical activity means it shouldn't be called a sport - and the biggest winners are the companies who promote and sell esports. 1. What makes computer games look so realistic? A. Lifelike images. B. Sm

42、art-photos C. E-sports D. TelevisionsWhat is mainly talked about in the second paragraph? A. The benefits brought by the e-sports. B. The methods of playing the c-spoils. C. The development of the e-sports. D. the definition of the e-sports. 2. What does the underlined word "ascend" mean in par

43、agraph 3? A. riseB. remainC. advocateD. decreaseAccording to Mark Bullingham. what is his attitude to the e-sports? A. indifferent B. positive C. doubtfulD. objective3 Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wiki chimps

44、 communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered (his by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5, 000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that thi

45、s was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. "That’s what's so amazing about chimp gestures,she said. They're the only thing that

46、 looks like human language in that respect."Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls a

47、nd gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her loot to her crying baby, signalling: "Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother's back and they travel off to

48、gether. "The big message from this study is that there is another species (物種)out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter. Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from (he University of Manchester, said (he study was praiseworthy in seek

49、ing to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were "a little disappointing". “The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures

50、 and actions," she said. ''Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.MWhat do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hohaitcr? A. Memorizing specific words.B. Understanding complex information. C. U

51、sing voices to communicate.D. Communicating messages on purpose. 1. What did Dr Shultz think of lhe study? A. It was well designed but poorly conducted. B. It was a good try but the findings were limited. C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. D. It was a failure but the methods d

52、eserved praise. 2. What does the underlined word "gulf' in the last paragraph mean? A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection. 3. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthroughChimpanzees developed specific communication skil

53、ls B. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdomChimpanzee language: communication gestures translated 4. The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit

54、could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia（失智癥）in later life, and is they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings arc exciting because it's possible that improving peop

55、le's cardiovascular（心'血管的） fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.^, For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak（最大值的）cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was me

56、asured at 103 watts. A total of 40 women met the criteria fbr a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped

57、because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems. These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time,44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of t

58、he women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness. "However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of de

59、mentia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important." She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. 27. What is on (he ever-growing list mentioned in

60、the first paragraph? A. Positive effects of doing exercises. B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged. C. Experimental studies on diseases. D. Advantages of sporty woman over manWhy did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise? A. To predict their maximum heart rate. B. To assess

61、their cardiovascular capacityTo change their habits of working out C. To detect their potential health problemsWhat do we know about Dr.Border's study? A. It aimed to find a cure fbr dementia. B. Data collection was a lengthy process. C. Some participants withdrew from it. D. The results were f

62、ar from satisfactory. 28. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. More Women Arc Exercising to Prevent DementiaMiddle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise B. Fit Women Arc Less Likely to Develop DementiaBiking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness 5 Students from New Zealand

63、have developed sustainable materials made from the leaves of a tree local to New Zealand, the cabbage tree, and a plant whose seeds are often eaten, flax. Sustainable materials are products that are made that limit their harm to the environment and the amount of resources (hey take. They support a l

64、ong-term ecological balance. The sustainable material the New Zealand students developed could soon be used to make high-performance outdoor sporting equipment like skis, kayaks, and skateboards. Their plan is to replace the traditional materials that are used like fiberglass and carbon fiber. Ska

65、teboards need to be strong. Ben Scales and William Murrell are two students at New Zealand's University of Canterbury. They believe they can make them even stronger by using fiber from pl an ts. After experimenting in (heir at-home workshops, they created new, natural composite material, or material

66、 made up of different items. Their first experimental product is a skateboard. It is made up of 25 percent fiber from a plant called harakeke and 75 percent recycled polylactic acid, which is plastic made from corn starch. They said the material is good to make a skateboard because it can take (he force and shocks skateboards receive better than what skateboards arc now made from: wood or carbon-fibcr. The fiber is taken from (he Harakeke plant, which is a native flax plant in New Zealand. The