2018年高考英語二輪復習 第一部分 閱讀理解篇 專題1 閱讀理解 第3講 主旨大意類練案

《2018年高考英語二輪復習 第一部分 閱讀理解篇 專題1 閱讀理解 第3講 主旨大意類練案》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《2018年高考英語二輪復習 第一部分 閱讀理解篇 專題1 閱讀理解 第3講 主旨大意類練案（24頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網上搜索。

1、 專題一　閱讀理解 第三講　主旨大意類 真題驗證 題　　組　　一 　　　　 (2017·全國Ⅲ，D) The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. Re

2、search shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well－being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔絕) and inactive. Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in－vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope co

3、uld help them to continue driving into later life. These include custom－made navigation(導航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their indep

4、endence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.” “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. Th

5、e result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains: “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.

6、”For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We're looking at the benefits of systems

7、 which control their speed as a way of preventing that. “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解決方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.” 文章大意：本文是一篇科普說明文，介紹了智能交通團隊建立移動實驗室，研究老年人開車存在的問題和難點，幫助老年人安全駕駛。 ?　What is the purpose of the DriveLAB？____C____ A．To

8、explore new means of transport. B．To design new types of cars. C．To find out older driver's problems. D．To teach people traffic rules. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據第一段最后一句中的“in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are”可知，建立實驗室的目的是要找出老年人開車有困難的地方，故選C

9、。 ?　Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe？____A____ A．It keeps them independent. B．It helps them save time. C．It builds up their strength. D．It cures their mental illnesses. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據第四段中的“For many older people，particularly those living alone or in the country

10、，driving is important for preserving their independence，giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知，對于老年人來說，開車對保持他們生活的獨立性至關重要，故選A。 ?　What do researchers hope to do for older drivers？____B____ A．Improve their driving skills. B．Develop driver－assist technologies

11、. C．Provide tips on repairing their cars. D．Organize regular physical checkups. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的“the Newcastle team are developing in—vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life”可知，研究者正在研發(fā)車載式的技術以幫助老年人晚年依然能開車，故選B。 ?　What is the best

12、title for the text？____D____ A．A new Model Electric Car B．A Solution to Traffic Problems C．Driving Services for Elders D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road 解析：考查標題判斷。本文的關鍵詞是老年人駕車，重點講述了為了讓他們安全駕車所進行的研究。故選D。 　　　　 (2017·天津，A) Suppose you're in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your s

13、creen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble. Realisation will probably set in seconds after you've clicked “send”. You freeze in horror and burn with shame. What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover. Clicking “send” too soon Don't waste your time trying

14、to find out if the receiver has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored. Writing the wrong name The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apolo

15、gising for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don't handle it too lightly, as people can be offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture (i.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names)． Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire c

16、ompany what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you'd like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light－h(huán)earted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all”

17、 to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down. Sending an offensive message to its subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it t

18、o a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you're discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person. 文章大意：這是一篇應用文。匆忙之中或心不在焉時發(fā)送電

19、子郵件出現錯誤怎么辦？比如，郵件還沒寫好就發(fā)送了，把收件人的名字拼寫錯了，個人郵件被你誤發(fā)給了所有人，或者把埋怨的郵件誤發(fā)給了被你吐槽的那個人。本文告訴我們出現這些情況時我們該如何補救。 ?　After realising an email accident, you are likely to feel____C____. A．curious 　　　　　 B.tired C.awful D.funny 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據題干中的“realising an email accident”可把答案定位在第二段。該段說，在你點擊“發(fā)送”數秒鐘之后你就會意識到自己的

20、錯誤，結合下文的“freeze in horror and burn with shame”可知，人們意識到“郵件事故”后，可能會感覺糟糕，因此選C。 ?　If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ____A____. A．apologise in a serious manner B．tell the receiver to ignore the error C．learn to write the name correctly D．send a short notice to everyone 解

21、析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據題干中的“written the wrong name”可把答案定位在第五段，該部分提出建議說，此時趕緊給對方發(fā)一個簡短的回復，為自己的錯誤道歉(apologising for your mistake)，而且要注意道歉的語調(don't handle it too lightly)，這與A項的陳述是一致的。 ?　What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email？____B____ A．Try offering other choices.

22、B．Avoid further involvement. C．Meet other staff members. D．Make a light－h(huán)earted apology. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據題干的內容可把答案定位至第六段，這部分提到，如果你不小心點了“回復所有人”，可能有人會就此開始回復不太友好的話，此時你最好離開電腦鍵盤(step away from your keyboard)，以便讓大家都冷靜下來。這與B項的陳述相吻合，表示“避免繼續(xù)卷入(這樣的對話)”。 ?　How should you deal with the problem caused by an offe

23、nsive email？____D____ A．By promising not to offend the receiver again. B．By seeking support from the receiver's friends. C．By asking the receiver to control his anger. D．By talking to the receiver face to face. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據題干中的“offensive email”可把答案定位在最后一段。這部分提到，在出現冒犯對方的情況時，要盡快親自向對方道歉。故選D。 ?　Wh

24、at is the passage mainly about？____C____ A．Defining email errors. B．Reducing email mistakes. C．Handling email accidents. D．Improving email writing. 解析：考查主旨要義。通讀全文，尤其是第三段的內容可知，本文主要介紹的是發(fā)送電子郵件出現問題時人們該如何面對和補救，因此C項最能概括本文的主題。 　　　　 (2017·浙江，A) Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed

25、his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel's hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to m

26、ake a brush. The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬亂). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. __The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve.__ That year, one of Benjamin's cousins, Mr.

27、Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版畫)by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was n

28、ine years old，Mr. Pennington returned for another visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a la

29、ndscape (風景) painting. William Williams, a well－known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those tw

30、o books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine－year－old boy decided then that he would be an artist. 文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了美國著名藝術家本杰明·韋斯特是如何開始他的藝術生涯的。 　What i

31、s the text mainly about？____C____ A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia. B．Williams' influence on Benjamin. C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist. D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 解析：主旨大意題。文章從本杰明在六歲時自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術之路的。故選C。 　What doe

32、s the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest？____D____ A．The cat would be closely watched. B．The cat would get some medical care. C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 解析：推理判斷題。由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運將會得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送給了他專

33、業(yè)的顏料和畫筆。由此可推知D項與畫線句的意思相符。 　What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent？____B____ A．He took him to see painting exhibitions. B．He provided him with painting materials. C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D．He taught him how to make engravings. 解析：細節(jié)理解題。短文第四段提到“He was amaze

34、d at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接著下一段又談到“...Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘寧頓送給本杰明繪畫材料來幫助他發(fā)展藝術才能，故選B項。 　Williams' two books helped Benjamin to ____D____. A．master the use of paints B．appreciate landscape paintings C．get to know other painters

35、 D．make up his mind to be a painter 解析：細節(jié)理解題。由文章最后兩句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine－year－old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，這兩本書是他通往古典繪畫的指引，也幫助他下定決心成為一名畫家，故選D項。 　　　　 (2016·全國Ⅰ，D) The mean

36、ing of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may

37、be made to fill every gap(間隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai person

38、s do.Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways,

39、particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions

40、 are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care－givers need to be aware of the possible m

41、eanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the heal

42、ing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 文章大意：文章介紹了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含義以及沉默的治療價值等內容。 　What does the author say about silence in conversations？____C____ A．It implies anger.　　　 B．It promotes friendship. C．It is culture－

43、specific. D．It is content－based. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據第一段第三句“A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry”(某一談話中的沉默可能也表示倔強、不安或者擔憂)可知，silence in conversations具有文化特異性。故選C。 　Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？____A____ A．The Chinese.

44、　 B．The French. C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據第二段中的“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops

45、, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing”可知，中國人可能認為一個人在談話時突然停頓是希望聽話人去仔細思考。故選A。 　What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？____D____ A．Let it continue as the patient pleases. B．Break it while treating patients.

46、C．Evaluate its harm to patients. D．Make use of its healing effects. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。根據最后一段，尤其是最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures”可知，護士應該充分利用沉默的治愈價值。故選D。 　What may be the best

47、title for the text？____B____ A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 解析：考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了沉默在不同文化里所代表的含義，故選B。文章未談及Sound，所以A項不對；文章雖談到了Silence to Native Americans，但這不是文章的中心內容，故排除C項；文章未涉及Speech Is Silver的內容，所以D項也不對。 題　　

48、組　　二 　　　　 (2016·全國Ⅱ，C) Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and

49、would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds __it.__ Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing,

50、says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book

51、can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E－mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is

52、part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虛擬)．The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty－five countries. 文章大意：本文是一篇說明文，介紹了BookC網站幫助喜愛讀書的人們互相交流和傳遞圖書的內容。 ?　Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph？___

53、_B____ A．To explain what they are. B．To introduce BookCrossing. C．To stress the importance of reading. D．To encourage readers to share their ideas. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據第一段第三句話“Now，the website BookCe turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group”可知，作者提到book groups是為了引出BookCrossing。故選B項。 ?　What

54、 does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to？____A____ A．The book. B．An adventure. C．A public place. D．The identification number. 解析：考查代詞指代。根據第二段中的“hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide...”可知，此處的“it”指的是“the book”。故選A項。 ?　What will a BookCrosser do with a

55、 book after reading it？____C____ A．Meet other readers to discuss it. B．Keep it safe in his bookcase. C．Pass it on to another reader. D．Mail it back to its owner. 解析：考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的“BookCrossing provide an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place

56、, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”可知，讀完書之后，BookCrossers將會把它繼續(xù)傳遞給其他的讀者。故選C項。 ?　What is the best title for the text？____D____ A．Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B．Electronic Books: A New Trend C．A Book Group Brings Tradition Back

57、 D．A Website Links People through Books 解析：考查主旨大意。根據第一段的最后一句“Now，the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group”以及其余的內容可知，本篇文章主要介紹了BookC網站的功能及其創(chuàng)建的意義。故選D項。 　　　　 (2016·北京，B) Surviving Hurricane Sandy Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Li

58、ving just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house.“It's the ocean that makes Rockaway so special，” she says. On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce.That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard.Fortun

59、ately, Natalie's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed. When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Natalie's friends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her, people were suffering, especially the eld

60、erly.Natalie's school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn. In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuil

61、d.Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high－rise buildings. “My mom tells me that I can't control what happens to me，” Natalie says.“but I can always choose how I deal with it.” Natalie's choice was to help. She created a w

62、ebsite page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help.Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down.Within days, Patrick's collection was replaced. In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: C

63、hristopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much－need supplies to Rockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change. To

64、day, the scars(創(chuàng)痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air.The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt.“I can't imagine living anywhere but Rockaway，” Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.” 文章大意：這是一篇記敘文。本文的主人公——14歲的女孩娜塔莉——主動參

65、與重建遭受颶風重創(chuàng)的家鄉(xiāng)。她建立了一個網站，為外界的捐贈者和家鄉(xiāng)需要幫助的人結對，同時幫助很多孩子實現了自己的夢想。她應邀到白宮，并被授予榮譽稱號。 ?　When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane，she found____B____. A．some friends had lost their lives B．her neighborhood was destroyed C．her school had moved to Brooklyn D．the elderly were free from suffering

66、解析：考查細節(jié)理解。由題干的“returned...after the hurricane”可知，答案應該在第三段。娜塔莉一家在颶風過后回到家鄉(xiāng)，發(fā)現街區(qū)已變?yōu)閺U墟(neighborhood in ruins)，很多朋友失去了家園，并且住到了很遠的地方。人們都在遭受苦難，特別是老年人。從這些信息可知選B。 ?　According to paragraph 4，who inspired Natalie most？____A____ A．The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B．The people trapped in high－rise building. C．The volunteers donating money to survivors. D．Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people. 解析：考查細節(jié)理解。由第四段第一句中的“the men and women