英語《主謂一致》教案.doc

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主謂一致 在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。 主謂一致是指： 1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。 2） 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。 3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語， 一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。 　 There is much water in the thermos. 但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 　 Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1、 語法形式上的一致 主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis1,700. MaryandKellylookalike. 注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：What I bought were three English books. What he needs is encouragement. 2、意義上一致 （1）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Thecrowdwereruningfortheirlives. 單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有people、police、cattle等。 （2）主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Thenewsisveryexciting. 形復(fù)意單的單詞還有以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱physics、poli-tics、economics等。 3、就近原則。即謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最近它的詞語。如連詞either…or等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞與就近它的主語一致。 EitheryouorIammad. 1 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù) Reading and writing are very important. 1)當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞?！? The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. .成對的名詞用and連接,表示單一概念,bread and butter (涂黃油的面包) , soda and water(汽水), aim and end(目的), coffee and milk(加牛奶的咖啡), salt and water(鹽水), knife and fork(刀叉), 做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù). 2)“the+ 形容詞/-ed分詞”，表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；表示一類事物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：The good in him outweighs the bad. / The wounded were taken good care of. 2 主謂一致中的就近原則 1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. 　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2）當(dāng) or ,either… or…,neither… nor，notonly…butalso, not ... but　連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 3 謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 ( 就前原則 ) 1）當(dāng)主語后面跟有with, together with, like, besides , except, but, no less than, as well as rather than ,including 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。 The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 2）thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書) thiskindofmen的謂語用單數(shù)，menofthiskind的謂語用復(fù)數(shù)， Thiskindofmenisdangerous. / Menoftheiskind/sortaredangerous 4 謂語需用單數(shù) 1）主語中含有each, every, 或由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語，謂語需用單數(shù)。 Every + n and every +n ; Each + n and each +n ; No + n and no +n 作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 each, any, none, neither, either+ of + 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或代詞做主語,正式文體用單數(shù),非正式文體中除each of外都可用復(fù)數(shù). (注: none of +n.u. 謂語用單數(shù).) Each of them has a piece of paper in his hand. Neither of us has/have anything to say. None of my Ss is/are stupid. None of bread is left for you. 　 There is something wrong with my watch. Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclasshasadictionary. 2） 當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。 　 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 　 <<天方夜譚>>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。 3） 表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。 　 Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 　 Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù) 1） 在關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致, 代詞none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。指物用單數(shù)，指人用復(fù)數(shù)。 　All is right.　 (一切順利。) / All are present.　　(所有人都到齊了。) He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the only one of my friends who is working hard 2） 集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, class, company, committee ,team, army, group, club等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數(shù)時表示該個集體。 　His family isnt very large.　他家不是一個大家庭 / His family are music lovers.　他的家人都是音樂愛好者。 　 Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 但集合名詞people, police, cattle等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 　　Are there any police around? 3）　A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞 / The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。 　A number of books have lent out / The majority of the students like English. 4) 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 means , sheep ,fish等 作主語時，謂語根據(jù)主語的意義而定。 All means have been tried. / Every means has been tried. 5) glasses, trousers, shoes, shorts, clothes 等復(fù)數(shù)意義的名詞作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。若前面有 pair 等量詞，謂語有該量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。 There is a pair of shoes / There are pairs of shoes on the desk. 6)主語為表示數(shù)量的one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù), one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致 1） 用 分數(shù)（百分數(shù)percent）/ all / some / none / half / most/ the rest + of + n 做主語，謂語動詞根據(jù)of后的名詞來確定。。 Most of his money is spent on books./Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2） 在一些短語，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。 　 Many a person has read the novel.　許多人都讀過這本書。 　 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個城市。