高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) Module4 Music Born in America 課件 (外研版選修7)
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Module 4 Music Born in America,基礎(chǔ)自主回顧,Ⅰ.課標(biāo)單詞 1.__________(n.)方法;步驟 2.__________(n.)衰退;下降;減少 3.__________(v.)觸動(dòng);感動(dòng);使動(dòng)心 4.__________(v.)(由……)引起(產(chǎn)生) 5.__________(v.)繁榮;興起;迅速發(fā)展 6.__________(n.)融洽;一致,approach,decline,touch,arise,boom,harmony,7.__________(v.)制定預(yù)算,按預(yù)算來(lái)安排開(kāi)支 8.__________(n.)計(jì)劃表,進(jìn)度表,日程表 9.__________(v.)離開(kāi),辭去 10.__________(n.)抗議 11.__________(n.)技巧;手法→__________(adj.)技術(shù)的,budget,schedule,quit,protest,technique,technical,12.__________(v.)出現(xiàn)→__________(n.)出現(xiàn);顯現(xiàn)→__________(n.)緊急情況;危急形勢(shì) 13.__________(v.)為……付出時(shí)間/努力/金錢(qián)等→__________(n.)獻(xiàn)身;摯愛(ài)→__________(adj.)忠實(shí)的;摯愛(ài)的 14.__________(n.)移民→__________(v.)遷移;遷徙→__________(n.)移居;遷移;遷徙 15.__________(adj.)幽默的→__________(n.)幽默,emerge,emergence,emergency,devote,devotion,devoted,migrant,migrate,migration,humorous,humor,Ⅱ.常用短語(yǔ) 1.____________厭煩 2.____________由……組成 3.____________利用 4.____________出版 5.____________對(duì)……專一,專注 6.____________有幸,be bored with,consist of,take advantage of,come out,be devoted to,be blessed with,7.____________乞求,請(qǐng)求 8.____________并排;并肩 9.____________而不是 10.____________嘗試 11.____________遠(yuǎn)非;完全不 12.____________有序地 13.________________________給某人留下印象,beg for,side by side,rather than,try out,far from,in order,make an impression on sb.,Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句型 1.“________I heard it,”he said,“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.” “我一聽(tīng),”他說(shuō),“就知道這是一種全新的音樂(lè)。” 答案:The moment 2.Songs that are spoken ________ sung are called rap. 采用近乎念白方式而不是唱的歌曲被叫做繞舌歌。 答案:rather than,3.________attracting huge audiences in its Hong Kong home, Cantopop has spread offshore, and its stars are known in Beijing, London and New York. 粵語(yǔ)流行音樂(lè)不僅僅吸引了香港本地的大量聽(tīng)眾,而且傳到海外的其他國(guó)家,香港的歌星在北京、倫敦和紐約都很有名。 答案:As well as,4.“My message is that ________ if you're black, white, fat, thin, old and young—we're all the same, it's a great world and you can do something with your life.” “我想告訴大家的是不管你是黑人還是白人,肥胖還是瘦小,年長(zhǎng)還是年幼,這些都不重要——我們都是一樣的,這是一個(gè)美妙的世界,你可以在有生之年做些事情?!?答案:it doesn't matter,1. Don't be afraid of asking for help ________ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 答案:D,2. ________ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 答案:D 3. She hurriedly left the room as if ________. A. she angry B. was angry C. it was angry D. angry 答案:D,4. ________,I will help you with your work. A. If I am possible B. If it possible C. If possible D. Possible 答案:C 5. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not ________? A. ourselves B. ours C. we D. us 答案:D,考點(diǎn)探究解密 考 點(diǎn) 解 讀,1.decline v.&.n.衰退,下降,減少;謝絕,拒絕 精講拓展: ①fall into (a) decline開(kāi)始衰退 ②be in decline處于下降,衰退中 ③on the decline在衰退(減少) ④decline by下降了…… ⑤decline to do sth.拒絕干某事,誤區(qū)警示:(1)表示“增加”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:rise,increase,go up 表示“減少”的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有:fall,drop,decrease,go down,decline (2)表示“增加”或“減少”的幅度常用介詞by;表示“增加到”或“減少到”常用介詞to。,朗文在線: ①The activities of Welsh mines went into decline after about 1880. 約從1880年后,威爾士煤礦的開(kāi)采活動(dòng)開(kāi)始減少。 ②In regions such as New England textile industries had declined and unemployment was high. 新英格蘭等地區(qū)的紡織工業(yè)已經(jīng)衰退,失業(yè)率很高。,詞語(yǔ)辨析:decline,refuse和reject ①decline作“拒絕”之意時(shí),常指有禮貌地回絕,婉言謝絕,其主語(yǔ)只能是人。 ②refuse語(yǔ)氣比decline重,主語(yǔ)可以是人也可以是物。 ③reject語(yǔ)氣比refuse更重,意為“拋棄,拒收,不采納”。 命題方向:decline一詞有可能以詞語(yǔ)辨析的形式出現(xiàn)在高考單項(xiàng)填空或完形填空中。另外該詞與介詞in,into,on等的搭配也應(yīng)引起重視。,活學(xué)巧練:完成句子 (1)The city __________ __________ __________ __________ after the mine closed. 這個(gè)城市在礦井關(guān)閉后開(kāi)始衰退。 答案:(1)fell into a decline,(2)The number of tourists to the island __________ __________ 10% last year. 去年到這個(gè)海島旅游的人數(shù)減少了10%。 答案:declined by (3)I offered to give them a lift,but they __________. 我主動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)他們搭車(chē),但他們婉言謝絕了。 答案:declined,(4)(2009·黑龍江哈師大附中模擬)She ________ to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well. A. declined B. resigned C. tended D. approved 答案與解析:A 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:她以感覺(jué)不舒服為借口謝絕和朋友共進(jìn)午餐。decline謝絕,拒絕;resign辭職;tend易于,往往會(huì);approve贊成,同意。,2.devote v.為……付出時(shí)間/努力/金錢(qián)等 精講拓展: ①devote one's life/time/energy/oneself to.把生命/時(shí)間/精力/一生獻(xiàn)給…… ②devoted adj.熱愛(ài)的;忠誠(chéng)的 ③be devoted to對(duì)……專一,專注于 ④devotion n.熱愛(ài),專心,誤區(qū)警示:devote.to.和be devoted to.句型中,to是介詞,后面須接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,不能接動(dòng)詞原形。 Marx devoted all his life to his revolutionary cause. 馬克思一生致力于革命事業(yè)。 She has devoted herself to helping the poor. 她把自己的全部身心都傾注在幫助窮人上。,朗文在線: ①He has devoted his life to helping blind people. 他為幫助盲人而獻(xiàn)出一生。 ②He devoted his life to promoting world peace. 他一生致力于促進(jìn)世界和平。 ③He was at one time so devoted to playing the piano. 他曾經(jīng)那么沉迷于彈鋼琴。,④Most of our meetings were devoted to discussing the housing problem. 我們的大部分會(huì)議都用來(lái)討論住房問(wèn)題。 命題方向:devote構(gòu)成的句型devote oneself/one's life/one' time/one's energy to sth./doing sth.的用法,與介詞to的搭配,特別是to后必須接代詞、名詞或動(dòng)名詞而不接動(dòng)詞原形的用法,是高考命題的重點(diǎn)。,活學(xué)巧練:介/副詞填空 (1)He devoted all his time __________ being a teacher. (2)We were deeply impressed by his devotion __________ his career.,to,to,(3)Her son, to whom she was so ________,went abroad ten years ago. A. loved B. cared C. devoted D. affected 答案與解析:C be devoted to sb.=love sb.,devoted可用作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),表示“疼愛(ài)的,忠實(shí)的,喜歡的”,又如a devoted friend忠實(shí)的朋友,本句中介詞to已移至引導(dǎo)詞whom前。,3.a(chǎn)rise vi. (1)出現(xiàn),發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生;(2)(由……)引起,(因……)產(chǎn)生;(3)起床,起立,起身;(4)群起反對(duì),奮起斗爭(zhēng) 詞語(yǔ)辨析:arise,rise與raise ①arise多用于抽象意思,因而其主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞,(problem,difficulty,loss等)或無(wú)形物(smoke,wind,mist)等。短語(yǔ)arise out of/from因某事物產(chǎn)生,造成,引起。,②rise vi.主要意思為:上升,起立;起床,升起;起義等,多用于具體意思,后不能跟賓語(yǔ),也無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 ③raise vt.主要意思為:提升,提高;舉起;增加;提出;養(yǎng)育,飼養(yǎng)等。 特別提示: arise的過(guò)去式,過(guò)去分詞分別為arose,arisen。,We keep them informed of any changes as they arise. 如有任何變化,我們隨時(shí)通知他們。 injuries arising out of a road accident 道路交通事故造成的傷害 He arose at dawn. 他黎明就起床了。 The peasants arose against their masters. 農(nóng)民奮起反對(duì)奴役他們的人。,活學(xué)巧練: A completely new station will ________ when the examination system comes into existence. A. arise B. rise C. raise D. arouse 答案與解析:A 由句意知“一個(gè)新的火車(chē)站會(huì)出現(xiàn)……”,因此選A項(xiàng)。arise“出現(xiàn)”;而B(niǎo)“上升,升起”;raise為及物動(dòng)詞后要加賓語(yǔ);arouse vt.“喚醒,喚起”,意思不對(duì)。,4.fancy n.想象力,幻想;愛(ài)好 vt.想象,幻想;想要,喜歡 adj.奇特的,異樣的 精講拓展: Children usually have a lively fancy. ①fancy sth.渴望或希望得到某物 ②fancy that想,以為,想象 ③have a fancy for愛(ài)好,迷戀 ④catch/take sb.'s fancy合某人的心意,吸引某人,⑤take a fancy to sb./sth.喜歡上,愛(ài)上某人/某物 ⑥fancy oneself(as sth.)自命不凡,自負(fù) 注意:fancy用作動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)用于祈使句,表示驚奇、不相信、震驚等,后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。,活學(xué)巧練: (1)My grandfather has a __________(愛(ài)好)for chess. (2)I've suddenly ______________(喜歡上)detective stories. (3)I used to __________(想象)what I would look like wearing a long snow-white dress and high-h(huán)eeled shoes. (4)__________(想不到)meeting you here!,fancy,taken a fancy to,fancy,Fancy,5.protest n.&v.聲明,抗議,反對(duì) Loud protests were heard when the decision was announced. 精講拓展: ①protestant n.新教徒 ②protester n.抗議者,反對(duì)者 ③protest about/against/at sth.抗議,反對(duì)(某事物) ④enter/make a protest about/against sth.對(duì)某事物提出抗議,⑤under protest(經(jīng)抗議后)心有不甘地 ⑥protest too much過(guò)猶不及,活學(xué)巧練: (1)The minister resigned in_protest_against the decision.(替換)_______________ (2)They are holding a rally to __________抗議)the government's defence policy.,to protest against,protest against,(3)There was a large crowd in the square,__________ against the war. A.protecting B.protesting C.preventing D.defending 答案:B,6.far from遠(yuǎn)非,一點(diǎn)也不;不但不……(反而……) 精講拓展: ①by far……的多(修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)) ②as/so far as一直到……(程度) ③so far迄今為止,到目前為止 ④far frombeing doing sth.,朗文在線: ①I(mǎi)'m far from pleased with your behaviour. 我對(duì)你的表現(xiàn)很不滿意。 ②(So)far from taking my advice,he went and did just what I had warned him against. 他不但沒(méi)聽(tīng)從我的勸告,反而干了我警告他不要干的事。,詞語(yǔ)辨析:far away from,faraway與far from ①far away from只表示距離,away可省去。 The school is far(away)from my house. 學(xué)校離我家很遠(yuǎn)。,②faraway為形容詞,用作定語(yǔ),意為“遙遠(yuǎn)的;恍惚的”。 They live at a faraway place. 他們住在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的地方。 She began to have a faraway look in her eyes. 她的眼中開(kāi)始流露出恍惚之情。,③far from除了表示距離的“遠(yuǎn)離”之外,還有“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不,完全不,絕非”之意,后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或形容詞。 Far from eye,far from heart. 眼不見(jiàn),心不煩。 Far from reading his letter,she didn't open it. 別說(shuō)看他的信了,她連信都沒(méi)拆開(kāi)。,命題方向:far from接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或形容詞,表示“遠(yuǎn)非,絕不是”。 His behaviour is far from satisfactory. 他的表現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到令人滿意的程度。 該用法很可能以詞語(yǔ)辨析的形式出現(xiàn)在高考單項(xiàng)填空或完形填空中。,活學(xué)巧練:完成句子 (1)__________ __________ __________ I can see,you've done nothing wrong. (2)Computers,__________ __________ __________ jobs,can creat employment. 答案:(1)As far as (2)far from doing,7.in order按順序;整齊,井然有序;(機(jī)械等)狀況良好,沒(méi)有故障 精講拓展: ①keep.in order使……井然有序 ②put.in order把……整理好 ③out of order雜亂的;(機(jī)械等)出故障 ④order n.順序,整齊;命令;訂單,訂購(gòu) ⑤place/make an order(for sth.)訂購(gòu)……,⑥take sb.'s order讓……點(diǎn)菜 ⑦order v.命令;訂購(gòu) ⑧order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 ⑨order sb. sth.=order sth. for sb.為某人訂購(gòu) ⑩in order that=so that為了…… B11in order to do=so as to do為了做……,誤區(qū)警示: ①in order短語(yǔ)中,order可用不同的形容詞修飾,表示不同意思。 in good order整整齊齊,運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好;in bad order亂七八糟,失修。 ②in order to do既用于句首,也用于句末,但so as to do不能用于句首。,朗文在線: ①She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她早早到場(chǎng),好找個(gè)好位置。 ②His objection was ruled out of order. 他的反對(duì)被裁定為違反規(guī)則。 ③All the procedures must be done in correct order. 一切手續(xù)必須按正確順序辦理。 命題方向:order作名詞和動(dòng)詞的各種用法,以及構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)和句型。,活學(xué)巧練:句型轉(zhuǎn)換 (1)The car broke down on the highway.→The car was __________ __________ __________ on the highway. (2)He stood on a chair so that he could reach the top shelf.→He stood on a chair __________ __________ __________ reach the top shelf. (3)He ordered that all men(should)fire the guns.→He ordered all men __________ fire the guns. 答案:(1)out of order (2)in order to (3)to,8.take advantage of利用 精講拓展: ①have the advantageof(doing)sth.有……優(yōu)勢(shì) over sb.有超過(guò)某人的優(yōu)勢(shì) ②to sb.'s advantage=to the advantage of sb.對(duì)某人有利的或有幫助的 ③advantageous adj.有利的,有益的,有幫助的 ④disadvantage n.不利條件,不利 ⑤disadvantageous adj.不利的,誤區(qū)警示:advantage可作可數(shù)名詞用,表示“有利條件,有利因素”,反義詞為disadvantage。 Just like anything else,the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages. 正如其他任何事物一樣,因特網(wǎng)既有利也有弊。,朗文在線: ①You should take advantage of the fine weather to paint the fence. 你應(yīng)該利用這好天氣給籬笆上油漆。 ②The lawyer's letter said she would hear something to her advantage if she contacted him. 律師的信上說(shuō),如果她同他聯(lián)絡(luò),她會(huì)聽(tīng)到對(duì)她有利的消息。 ③This method has the advantage of saving a lot of fuel. 這個(gè)方法有節(jié)省很多燃料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。,詞語(yǔ)辨析:advantage,benefit與profit 三者均指“好處”。 ①advantage指“有利條件”,“優(yōu)勢(shì)”。 The present world situation is to our advantage. 目前世界局勢(shì)對(duì)我們有利。(使我們處于有利或占優(yōu)勢(shì)的地位,不是特指物質(zhì)方面的好處。),②benefit可兼指物質(zhì)利益或精神方面的好處。 You will derive much benefit from reading good novels. 從讀優(yōu)秀小說(shuō)中你將獲得很大好處。 This performance was given for the benefit of disabled soldiers. 這場(chǎng)演出是為殘疾軍人舉辦的。,③profit“利潤(rùn)”,“用處”,指“利潤(rùn)”時(shí)常用復(fù)數(shù)。 Capitalists are tireless in hunting for super-profits. 資本家總是不倦地追求超額利潤(rùn)。 There is no profit in such studies. 這種研究毫無(wú)用處。 命題方向:advantage常以詞語(yǔ)辨析的形式在單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空中考查;與take/have構(gòu)成的句型也經(jīng)常考查。,活學(xué)巧練: (1)She's got the job because she has the advantages __________ others.She knows many languages. (2)The agreement is __________ our advantage.,over,to,9.rather than而不是 精講拓展: ①other than除了 ②more than超過(guò),不僅僅 ③would rather do.than do.與其……不如…… ④no sooner.than.一……就…… ⑤prefer to do.rather than do.寧愿做……而不愿做……,詞語(yǔ)辨析:rather than與more than ①rather than表示“而不是”之意,其前后部分在語(yǔ)法上應(yīng)該是對(duì)等的成分。 It is Tom,rather than you,that is to blame. 該受責(zé)備的是湯姆,而不是你。,②more than表示在數(shù)量或意義上超出了某種程度,常譯為“超過(guò),多于;不僅僅,不止是”。 He is more than a father,he's also my good friend. 他不止是父親,還是好朋友。 China Daily is more than a newspaper,It can also help us to improve our English. 《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》不止是一份報(bào)紙,它還能幫助我們提高英語(yǔ)水平。,朗文在線: ①I(mǎi) think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee. 我想要冷飲,不要咖啡。 ②Why didn't you ask for help,rather than trying to do it on your own? 你干嗎非得自己干,而不請(qǐng)人幫忙? 命題方向:rather than結(jié)構(gòu)的用法以及與相關(guān)句型意義上的區(qū)別。,活學(xué)巧練:漢譯英 (1)應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備的是父母而不是孩子。 _______________________________________________ (2)我寧愿步行去而不愿坐車(chē)去。 _______________________________________________ (3)她喜歡唱歌而不喜歡跳舞。 _______________________________________________,The parents should be blamed rather than the children.,I prefer to go there on foot rather than take a bus.,She enjoys singing rather than dancing.,10.“My message is that it doesn't matter if you're black, white, fat, thin, old and young—we're all the same, it's a great world and you can do something with your life.” “我想告訴大家的是不管你是黑人還是白人,肥胖還是瘦小,年長(zhǎng)還是年幼,這些都不重要——我們都是一樣的,這是一個(gè)美妙的世界,你可以在有生之年做些事情?!?精講拓展: ①I(mǎi)t doesn't matter (to sb.)+從句 ……(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))沒(méi)關(guān)系,不要緊 It matters a lot/a great deal+從句 ……非常重要 It doesn't matter.(口語(yǔ))沒(méi)關(guān)系。,②no matter who/why/what.無(wú)論誰(shuí)/為什么/什么…… as a matter of fact實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上 What's the matter?(口語(yǔ))怎么了?有什么麻煩? 朗文在線: ①I(mǎi) don't care what it looks—what matters is that it works well. 我不在乎它好看不好看——要緊的是它要好用。,②It matters a lot to her what other people think of her. 其他人怎么看她對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)極為重要。 ③—I've spilled some coffee on the carpet. 我灑了些咖啡在地毯上。 —It doesn't matter. 沒(méi)關(guān)系。,活學(xué)巧練: —Oh, sorry, Jane. I took your dictionary by mistake. —________. A. That's right B. It doesn't matter C. You're welcome D. Never think about it 答案與解析:B 句意:——對(duì)不起,簡(jiǎn)。我誤拿了你的字典?!獩](méi)關(guān)系。,11.Do you think listening to music helps you to study? 你認(rèn)為聽(tīng)音樂(lè)有助于你的學(xué)習(xí)嗎? listening to music是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。 Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 Missing the bus means waiting for one more hour. 錯(cuò)過(guò)這班車(chē)意味著還要等一小時(shí)。,精講拓展: 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)也可以用it作形式主語(yǔ),常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中 (1)It isno use/no good useless/senseless fun/enjoyable/tiring nice/expensive/ dangerous/a bore/a waste of time/a good pleasure+v.-ing It is no use talking like this.,像這樣談話沒(méi)有用。 It is no good wasting time. 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間是沒(méi)有好處的。 (2)There is no saying/telling.=It is impossible to do. There is no saying what may happen. 說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。,誤區(qū)警示: 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)一般由形容詞性的物主代詞或名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成,在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如果不在句首,這種結(jié)構(gòu)在口語(yǔ)中可用:代詞賓格(或名詞普通格)+動(dòng)名詞。,活學(xué)巧練: (1)What worried me most was ________ to go abroad alone. A. my not allowing B. having no allowed C. my being not allowed D. my not being allowed,答案與解析:D 句意:最讓我擔(dān)心的是我不會(huì)被允許單獨(dú)出國(guó)。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ),根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)用其復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)one's doing并用其被動(dòng)式,而且是否定式的被動(dòng)式即one's not being done。,(2)It's no ________ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 答案與解析:A 此題考查固定句式,It's no use doing sth.干……是沒(méi)用的。,12.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 在句子中起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作用的句子稱為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,可放在句首、句中和句尾。 (1)表示“一……就……”引導(dǎo)詞的用法 英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)“一……就……”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有多種形式,常見(jiàn)的有如下幾種: ①as soon as As soon as he heard the news,he jumped with joy. 他一聽(tīng)到這消息,就高興得跳了起來(lái)。,②immediately I'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading your file. 我一看完你的檔案就給你答復(fù)。 ③directly Directly you feel any pains,you must go to the doctor. 你一感覺(jué)不適就得看醫(yī)生。,④instantly Please give me a phone call instantly you arrive. 你一到就給我打電話。 ⑤no sooner.than. No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.→I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off. 我?guī)缀跷磥?lái)得及講話,他就掛斷了電話。,⑥hardly.when. Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped listening.→I had hardly told him my name when he stopped listening. 我?guī)缀鯖](méi)來(lái)得及告訴他我的名字,他就不聽(tīng)了。,(2)名詞短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句 表示時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。常用的這類名詞短語(yǔ)有:the time,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,the first time,the second time,by the time,each time,every time,next time,any time。這些短語(yǔ)含有“每次、每天、每時(shí)”之意,引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),習(xí)慣上不在這些名詞后加when。,The day he returned home,his father was already dead. 他到家的那天,他父親已經(jīng)去世了。 Every time I see him,he is working hard. 我每次見(jiàn)到他,他都在拼命地工作。 He was much better the last time I saw him. 上次我見(jiàn)到他時(shí),他好多了。 By the time he was taken to the hospital,he was nearly dead. 他被送往醫(yī)院時(shí),就幾乎要死了。,(3)when,while,as和whenever的用法 when,while,as都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“在……時(shí)候”。但在具體用法上又不盡相同。 ①when用得最廣,??纱鎤hile與as。when所引導(dǎo)的從句,動(dòng)詞既可是延續(xù)性的,也可是終止性的。as在這一點(diǎn)上與when相同,while所引導(dǎo)的從句中,動(dòng)詞只能是延續(xù)性的。,When the fire broke out,all the students were sleeping soundly. 當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí),所有的學(xué)生正在熟睡。 The telephone rang while I was taking a bath. 我在洗澡時(shí)電話響了。,②while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。 While I played the harp,my sister did her homework. 我在彈豎琴,姐姐在做功課。 ③表述兩個(gè)發(fā)展變化中的情況時(shí)常用as。 As he talked on,he got more and more excited. 他越談就越激動(dòng)。 As you grow older,you'll know better and better about yourself. 隨著你年齡增長(zhǎng),你會(huì)越來(lái)越了解自己。,④表示“一邊……一邊……”時(shí),常用as。 As he was reading,he was shaking his head,which surely slowed down his reading speed. 他邊讀書(shū)邊搖著頭,這當(dāng)然降低了他的閱讀速度。 They talked as they walked along the river. 他們沿著河邊走邊談。,⑤表示隨著短暫動(dòng)作的發(fā)生,另一行為伴隨發(fā)生時(shí),常用as。 My cap was blown away as I sat down. 我往下坐時(shí)帽子被吹走了。 ⑥whenever表示“無(wú)論何時(shí)”,語(yǔ)氣要比when強(qiáng)得多。 Whenever we see him we speak to him. 我們每次見(jiàn)到他都和他說(shuō)話。,(4)till和until ①主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句和從句都用肯定句式,意為“一直到”,表示主句動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到until/till從句表示的時(shí)間才終止;主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句用否定式,從句用肯定式,意思是“直到……才……”,表示主句動(dòng)作到until/till從句表示的時(shí)間才開(kāi)始。,He studied until/till it was 900. 他一直學(xué)到九點(diǎn)。 He didn't study until/till it was 900. 他到九點(diǎn)才學(xué)習(xí)。 Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車(chē)停穩(wěn)后再下車(chē)。,②until和till意義相同,通??蓳Q用,但在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝句或句首時(shí),一般用until。 She didn't go to bed until/till her mother returned. =It was not until her mother returned that she went to bed. =Not until her mother returned did she go to bed. 她直到媽媽回來(lái)才上床睡覺(jué)。,(5)since和before ①since從句中的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)不同,其起算時(shí)間也不同。since+瞬間動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí),從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)算起;since+延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí),從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起。 He has worked very hard since he entered the factory. 從入廠以來(lái),他工作一直非常努力。(enter為瞬間性動(dòng)詞),We haven't seen each other since I worked in the factory.=We haven't seen each other since I stopped working in the factory. 從我不在工廠以來(lái),我們從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。(work為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) since常用于It's+some time+since sb. did sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。試比較: It's two years since he joined the army. 他參軍有兩年了。 It's two years since he was a soldier. 他退役有兩年了。,②before除了在“before和after”部分所講的用法外,也可用于it結(jié)構(gòu),與since結(jié)構(gòu)相似,注意它們所用時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別: It will be+some time+before sb.do/does sth.(表將來(lái)) It was+some time+before sb. did sth.(表過(guò)去) He has gone shopping.It'll be half an hour before he comes back. 他去買(mǎi)東西了,要過(guò)半小時(shí)才能回來(lái)。 It was not long before he returned from abroad. 不久他就從國(guó)外回來(lái)了。,13.省略句 省略是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中的常見(jiàn)現(xiàn)象。為了避免重復(fù),或出于修辭上的需要而省略句中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分,這種句子叫做省略句。 (1)簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 ①人稱(有時(shí)包括謂語(yǔ))的省略。 —How is your mother today? —(She is)much better.,②感嘆句根據(jù)上下文的省略。 How beautiful(it is)! How(hard)they are working! ③名詞所有格后的名詞,如果是表示住宅、店鋪、教堂或上下文已經(jīng)暗示過(guò)的事物時(shí),常省略。 At her mother's(house)she passed many happy days. I'm going to the doctor's(clinic).,④表示年齡的years old和表示鐘表的o'clock等常省略。 I am thirteen(years old). It is five(o'clock)now. ⑤介詞的省略。在waste/spend/have trouble/difficulty等跟v.-ing時(shí),介詞in常省略,在prevent,stop等后的from常省略。 Don't waste time(in)mourning. Ways must be found to stop them(from)polluting our environment.,⑥不定式的省略。保留不定式符號(hào)to,省略動(dòng)詞。 —Are you going to take a course in the summer vacation? —Yes.I have to(take a course)though I don't want to(take a course).,(2)并列句中的省略 在不影響句意的情況下,并列句中后邊分句與前邊分句相同的詞語(yǔ)都可以省略。 I take some exercise at weekends and so do my colleagues(take some exercise). She was poor but(she was)honest.,(3)復(fù)合句中的省略 1)主句中的省略。常見(jiàn)于句首或回答問(wèn)題時(shí),只用從句。 —Why are you late? —(I'm late)Because my watch doesn't work.,(2)從句中的省略。 ①賓語(yǔ)從句 在賓語(yǔ)從句中常省略引導(dǎo)詞that,但當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞之后跟兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只有第一個(gè)that可以省略。 She said (that) I should spend more time with children and that it was a must if I wanted to be a good parent.,②定語(yǔ)從句 可以省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that,which或whom。 Please show me the coat(that)you bought yesterday. ③狀語(yǔ)從句 a.在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果主句、從句的主語(yǔ)一致,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又包含be或主語(yǔ)是it,??梢园褟木渲兄髡Z(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的一部分省略。,When(they were)first introduced to the market,these products enjoyed great success. I'll lend you one if(it is)necessary. b.在由than,as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中,在不造成誤解的前提下,有些成分可省略。 I love you better than he(loves you). You hate him as much as I(hate him).,④在think,expect,hope,believe,guess,imagine,be afraid等后,常用so或not代替從句,作簡(jiǎn)略的肯定或否定回答。 —Is it going to rain? —I guess so./I hope not.,活學(xué)巧練: (1)—The plane is due to take off at 750 from the airport. —__________ we fail to arrive there in time? A.What if B.As if C.Even if D.Only if 答案:A,(2)—I heard Johnson was badly injured in the accident. —__________,let's go and see him. A.What's more B.If so C.Where possible D.When necessary 答案:B (3)We hadn't been out for long __________ she felt sick. A.when B.while C.a(chǎn)fter D.a(chǎn)s 答案:A,(4)—Did Jack come late last night? —Yes.It was eleven o'clock __________ he arrived home. A.when B.before C.that D.if 答案:A (5)How silly we are to sit around inside __________ it is so lovely outside! A.that B.which C.where D.when 答案:D,(6)—Will you go home tomorrow evening? —No,I'm going to a lecture,or at least,I'm planning __________. A.it B.that C.to D.one 答案:C (7)I went home __________ I had finished work. A.suddenly B.hurriedly C.quickly D.directly 答案:D,(8)It won't be __________ we meet again. A.long after B.long before C.before long D.long ago 答案:B,考 題 演 練,1.(2009·福建卷)According to the literary review, Shakespeare ________ his characters live through their language in his plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D. makes 答案與解析:D 因?yàn)槭恰案鶕?jù)文學(xué)評(píng)論”做出的事情,故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間性。,2.(2009·安徽卷)Just as Professor Scott often ________ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude. A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means 答案與解析:C 句意:就像Scott教授常說(shuō)的那樣,成功是由99%的心態(tài)決定的。get獲得;make制造;mean打算;意味著,均不合題意。,3.(2009·北京卷)John plays basketball well, ________ his favorite sport is badminton. A. so B. or C. yet D. for 答案與解析:C 句意:約翰藍(lán)球打得很好,然而他最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)是打羽毛球。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞只有yet。,4.(2009·湖南卷)—The food here is nice enough. —My friend ________ me a right place. 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