高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 模塊知識(shí) Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars限時(shí)規(guī)范訓(xùn)練 新人教版必修3

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第一部分　必修3　Unit 4 Ⅰ.完形填空 (2014四川) My husband, Tom, has always been good with animals, but Iwas still amazed when he befriended a female grouse(松雞)．Its __1__for a grouse to have any contact(接觸) with people.In fact, theyre hard to spot, __2__ they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching. This grouse came into our lives in __3__.Tom was working out in the field when he__4__her walking around at the edge of the field.She was __5__ unafraid and seemed to be __6__ about what he was doing. Tom saw the __7__bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him.We quickly grew__8__ of the bird and decided to call her Mildred. One day, as Tom was working.Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch.Tom __9__ he didnt see her and kept working to see what she would do next. Apparently, she didnt like to be __10__.Shed run up and peck (啄) at Toms hands, then __11__ off to see what he would do.This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the __12__ and left. As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to __13__more and more often.__14__Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Toms leg and stay long enough for me to get a __15__ of the two of them together.This friendly grouse soon felt __16__not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by. When hunting season opened, we put a __17__ at the end of our driveway asking __18__not to shoot our pet grouse.My father, who lived down the road, __19__warned people not to shoot her.__20__， hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her. (　　)1.A．interesting　　　　 B．reasonable C．impossible　　　　 D．unusual (　　)2.A．though　　　　　　 B．because C．unless　　　　　　 D．until (　　)3.A．spring　　　　　　 B．summer C．a(chǎn)utumn　　　　 D．winter (　　)4.A．got　　　　　　　　 B．kept C．noticed　　　　 D．imagined (　　)5.A．naturally　　　　　　 B．certainly C．normally　　　　 D．surprisingly (　　)6.A．crazy　　　　　　 B．curious C．concerned　　　　 D．cautious (　　)7.A．shy　　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)wkward C．friendly　　　　 D．elegant (　　)8.A．careful　　　　　　 B．tired C．fond　　　　　　 D．sick (　　)9.A．supposed　　　　　　 B．realized C．hoped　　　　　　 D．pretended (　　)10.A．ignored　　　　　　 B．observed C．a(chǎn)mazed　　　　 D．disturbed (　　)11.A．put　　　　　　 B．back C．set　　　　　　 D．take (　　)12.A．game　　　　　　 B．work C．place　　　　　　 D．man (　　)13.A．give up　　　　　　 B．come out C．turn over　　　　 D．fly by (　　)14.A．Eventually　　　　 B．Suddenly C．Constantly　　　　 D．Presently (　　)15.A．chance　　　　　　 B．dream C．picture　　　　　　 D．sense (　　)16.A．comfortable　　　　 B．guilty C．a(chǎn)nxious　　　　 D．familiar (　　)17.A．lantern　　　　　　 B．sign C．gun　　　　　　 D．loudspeaker (　　)18.A．drivers　　　　　　 B．farmers C．hunters　　　　 D．tourists (　　)19.A．just　　　　　　　　 B．yet C．thus　　　　　　 D．a(chǎn)lso (　　)20.A．In fact　　　　　　 B．For long C．On the contrary D．By the way 【主旨大意】作者的丈夫很喜愛(ài)小動(dòng)物，令人吃驚的是，有一年春天他與一只松雞成為了朋友。文章記敘了作者的丈夫與松雞成為朋友的過(guò)程和結(jié)果。 1．【答案】D 【解析】上文提到當(dāng)他與一只松雞成為朋友的時(shí)候我很吃驚，說(shuō)明松雞與人接觸是不常見(jiàn)的，故選unusual，意為“不尋常的”。interesting意為“有趣的”；reasonable意為“合乎情理的”；impossible意為“不可能的”。故選D項(xiàng)。 2．【答案】B 【解析】句意為：事實(shí)上，松雞很難被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，因?yàn)楫?dāng)它們聽(tīng)見(jiàn)人們靠近時(shí)，它們通常會(huì)飛走。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，主從句之間應(yīng)為因果關(guān)系，故選because。though意為“盡管”；unless意為“除非”；until意為“直到”。 3．【答案】A 【解析】句意為：這只松雞進(jìn)入我們的生活是在春天。此處與下文第13空前“As spring went and summer came…”相呼應(yīng)，故選A項(xiàng)。 4．【答案】C 【解析】句意為：湯姆當(dāng)時(shí)在田野上干活，他注意到那只松雞在田邊四處走動(dòng)。notice sb.doing sth.意為“注意到某人正在做某事”。get sb.doing sth.意為“迫使某人做某事”；keep sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”；imagine sb.doing sth.意為“想象某人做某事”。故選C項(xiàng)。 5．【答案】D 【解析】上文提到，通常情況下松雞會(huì)飛離人們，但這只松雞不僅不畏懼人類，反而好像對(duì)湯姆所做的事情感到好奇，所以讓人感到驚奇。故選D項(xiàng)，surprisingly意為“令人驚訝地”。naturally意為“自然地”；certainly意為“確定地”；normally意為“正常地；通常地”。 6．【答案】B 【解析】crazy意為“瘋狂的”；curious意為“好奇的”；concerned意為“擔(dān)心的；關(guān)心的”；cautious意為“謹(jǐn)慎的；小心的”。此設(shè)空處應(yīng)填curious，與上一題的surprisingly構(gòu)成上下文一致的邏輯關(guān)系。 7．【答案】C 【解析】根據(jù)上文可知，這只松雞不畏懼人，故排除A項(xiàng)，shy意為“害羞的；畏縮的”；awkward意為“笨拙的，不靈活的”，由下文松雞和湯姆的互動(dòng)可知，這只松雞并不笨拙，故排除B項(xiàng)；原文并未體現(xiàn)出松雞是優(yōu)雅的，故排除D項(xiàng)；聯(lián)系下文可知，這只松雞與我丈夫成為了朋友，表明這只松雞很友好(friendly)，故選C項(xiàng)。 8．【答案】C 【解析】句意為：我們很快喜歡上了它并決定給它取名為米爾德麗德。grow careful 意為“變得仔細(xì)”；grow tired of意為“變得厭煩……”；grow fond of意為“開(kāi)始喜歡……”；grow sick of意為“變得厭煩……”。故選C項(xiàng)。 9．【答案】D 【解析】句意為：湯姆假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)它，繼續(xù)做自己的事情，目的是為了看看它接下來(lái)會(huì)做些什么。suppose意為“認(rèn)為；猜想”；realize意為“意識(shí)到”；hope意為“希望”；pretend意為“假裝”。故選D項(xiàng)。 10．【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)下文松雞的表現(xiàn)，即它不斷地跑來(lái)啄湯姆的手可知它不喜歡被人忽視，故選A項(xiàng)，ignore意為“忽視；不理會(huì)”。observe意為“觀察”；amaze意為“使某人吃驚”；disturb意為“打擾”，均與上下文不符。 11．【答案】B 【解析】此處填入back與上文run up為并列的動(dòng)作，表示松雞跑到“我”丈夫跟前，啄他的手，然后再退后，觀察他的反應(yīng)。back此處為動(dòng)詞，表示“后退”。 12．【答案】A 【解析】此句是說(shuō)，它跑來(lái)啄湯姆的手，又后退，這樣的一幕持續(xù)了大概二十分鐘，后來(lái)它對(duì)這個(gè)游戲(game)厭倦了，然后就離開(kāi)了。work意為“工作”；place意為“地點(diǎn)”；man意為“人”，均不符合題意。 13．【答案】B 【解析】此句意為，春天過(guò)去夏天來(lái)臨，聯(lián)系more and more often進(jìn)行推測(cè)可知這只松雞出現(xiàn)的頻率越來(lái)越高，故選B項(xiàng)。give up意為“放棄”；come out意為“出現(xiàn)；出來(lái)”；turn over意為“移交；翻轉(zhuǎn)”；fly by意為“飛過(guò)”。 14．【答案】A 【解析】湯姆和松雞交上朋友的過(guò)程是逐漸發(fā)展的過(guò)程，上文提到它啄手，下文提到它跳到湯姆的腿上呆很久，可以得出松雞和作者丈夫成為朋友是最終才發(fā)生的事情，故選eventually，意為“最后；終于”。suddenly意為“突然地”；constantly意為“連續(xù)不斷地”；presently意為“目前”。 15．【答案】C 【解析】它跳到湯姆的腿上，停留的時(shí)間很長(zhǎng)，足夠我給他們拍照(get a picture)。故選picture。 16．【答案】A 【解析】第三段第一句中“…she got more comfortable”以及第14空后的“…felt comfortable”均出現(xiàn)提示詞comfortable，故此處選A項(xiàng)。 17．【答案】B 【解析】句意為：當(dāng)打獵季節(jié)開(kāi)始的時(shí)候，我們?cè)谒饺塑?chē)道的盡頭放置了一塊牌子，請(qǐng)求獵人們不要射殺我們的寵物松雞。sign此處意為“標(biāo)牌，指示牌”。lantern意為“提燈”；gun意為“槍”；loudspeaker意為“揚(yáng)聲器”。故選B項(xiàng)。 18．【答案】C 【解析】上文提到“When hunting season opened…”，由此可知，放置標(biāo)牌的目的是告誡獵人們(hunters)不要射殺松雞。故選C項(xiàng)。 19．【答案】D 【解析】作者的父親也參與到保護(hù)這只松雞的行動(dòng)中來(lái)。這與上文作者放置標(biāo)牌的行動(dòng)一致，故選擇also，意為“也”。 20．【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)下文可知，作者的行動(dòng)其實(shí)有點(diǎn)多余，因?yàn)楂C人們從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的松雞，會(huì)停下來(lái)拍照。in fact意為“事實(shí)上”；for long表示“長(zhǎng)久地”；on the contrary意為“相反地”；by the way“順便說(shuō)一句”。故選A項(xiàng)。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 (2015湖北，D) The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer.“Im an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a sixmonth tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.” On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, its just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼氣) has a tendency to form an invisible (隱形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbondioxide headache. Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks youre falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you youre standing straight.That can be annoying—thats why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears. Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.Thats why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a roundtrip to Mars. (　　)1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? A．Deciding on a proper sleep position. B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag. C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly. D．Finding a right time to go to sleep. (　　)2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbondioxide headache when ______. A．they circle around on their bikes B．they use microcomputers without a stop C．they exercise in one place for a long time D．they watch a movie while pedaling (　　)3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ______. A．their senses stop working B．they have to stand up straight C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly D．their brains receive contradictory messages (　　)4.One of NASAs major concerns about astronauts is ______. A．how much exercise they do on the station B．how they can remain healthy for long in space C．whether they can recover after returning home D．whether they are able to go back to the station 【主旨大意】本文講述了太空旅行中的種種奇特之處以及看不見(jiàn)的危險(xiǎn)。 1．【答案】A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句及第二句可知，像睡覺(jué)這樣簡(jiǎn)單的事情，它的睡姿也給人帶來(lái)了挑戰(zhàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。 2．【答案】C 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后兩句可知，宇航員如果在一個(gè)地方待得太久，因?yàn)闆](méi)有引力使空氣流通，呼出的二氧化碳會(huì)在腦袋周?chē)纬煽床灰?jiàn)的云狀物，最終宇航員會(huì)患上二氧化碳頭痛癥。故選C項(xiàng)。 3．【答案】D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段第二句至第四句可知，內(nèi)耳認(rèn)為你要摔倒的同時(shí)，眼睛說(shuō)你正站得筆直，這兩種矛盾的感官信號(hào)讓人惱怒，這就是一些宇航員到太空站的頭幾天感到惡心的原因。故選D項(xiàng)。 4．【答案】B 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段最后一句可知，NASA擔(dān)心兩件事，一件事是宇航員返回地球后所需的復(fù)原時(shí)間；另一件也是更重要的是，在進(jìn)行往返火星旅行的兩年半或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間里如何保持力量和健康。故選B項(xiàng)。 Ⅲ.七選五閱讀 (2014全國(guó)課標(biāo)Ⅱ) Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit－and that can be a very annoying thing.__1__Read on for some techniques worth trying. __2__ People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimers disease (早老性癡呆癥), according to a recent study. __3__Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. Theres evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or shortterm goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward. Go for a walk. Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. __4__ Learn something new. Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. __5__Or go dancing with your friends. A． Focus on the future. B． This can be especially harmful to the aged. C． It should be something like learning gardening. D． So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. E. But dont worry if your schedule isnt filled with lifechanging events. F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments. G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain. 1. 【答案】F 【解析】上一句提到隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我們大腦的反應(yīng)速度逐漸下降；下文又提出了許多克服這一現(xiàn)象的方法。F項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。 2．【答案】A 【解析】本段主要講通過(guò)關(guān)注未來(lái)來(lái)克服反應(yīng)遲緩，故A項(xiàng)“關(guān)注未來(lái)”正確。 3．【答案】E 【解析】本空上一句提到有規(guī)律地制訂計(jì)劃并對(duì)即將到來(lái)的事情保持期盼之心的人不易得老年癡呆癥。E項(xiàng)承接上文，并引出下文對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)劃的介紹。 4．【答案】G 【解析】上一句提到鍛煉能產(chǎn)生對(duì)大腦有益的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)你善待自己的身體的時(shí)候，你也就善待了你的大腦。故G項(xiàng)正確。 5．【答案】C 【解析】本段介紹了學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)保持大腦健康的重要性。上一句提到學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)并同時(shí)使身體處于活躍狀態(tài)對(duì)大腦最有益處。C項(xiàng)中提到的園藝就是一項(xiàng)這樣的活動(dòng)。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2016遼寧實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期階段測(cè)試) Ive learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for receptionist.Im very interesting in the job and Id like to apply to the position. First of all, allow me to introduce myself.I had just graduated from high school and taken the University Entrance Examination.I want to find out a parttime job in the summer.Im 18 year old and have a good command of English, especially in term of speaking and listening.In fact, I once won the first prize in the English speech competition hold in our school.Beside, Im quite easygoing and very popular among my classmates.Im sure Ill do a good job if Im accepted. I sincerely hope you can give us a chance.I am looked forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua 【答案】 Ive learned from the newspaper that your company is looking for receptionist.Im very in the job and Id like to apply the position. First of all, allow me to introduce myself.I just graduated from high school and taken the University Entrance Examination.I want to find out　 a parttime job in the summer.Im 18 old and have a good command of English, especially in of speaking and listening.In fact, I once won the first prize in the English speech competition in our school.， Im quite easygoing and very popular among my classmates.Im sure Ill do a good job if Im accepted. I sincerely hope you can give a chance.I am looked forward to your reply. Yours， Li Hua 【解析】 第一處：receptionist 前加a　該名詞在文中首次出現(xiàn)，用不定冠詞a。 第二處：interesting→ interested　be interested in 意為“對(duì)某事感興趣”。 第三處：to→ for　apply for 意為“申請(qǐng)得到……”。 第四處：had→ have　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，“我剛剛高中畢業(yè)，參加完高考”。所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 第五處：去掉 out　find意為“無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)”；find out意為“(經(jīng)過(guò)一番努力)找到(真相)”。 第六處：year→ years　前面有18修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第七處：term→ terms　考查詞組。in terms of意為“在……方面”。 第八處：hold→ held　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞held, 表示“被舉辦”。 第九處：Beside→ Besides　besides 意為“另外；而且”。 第十處：us→ me　句意：希望您能給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。