SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)含3張CAD圖帶開題
SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)含3張CAD圖帶開題,sk360,車床,主軸,改進(jìn),改良,設(shè)計(jì),cad,開題
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設(shè)計(jì)（XXX）任務(wù)書
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專業(yè)
論文題目 SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)
（方案一）
學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號(hào)
起訖日期
指導(dǎo)教師姓名（簽名）
指導(dǎo)教師職稱
指導(dǎo)教師工作單位
院（系）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)簽名
下發(fā)任務(wù)書日期 ： 20XX年2月 20日
題 目
SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)（方案一）
論文時(shí)間
2013年2月25日至 2013年6月14日
課題的主要內(nèi)容及要求(含技術(shù)要求、圖表要求等)
大體思路是盡量簡化機(jī)構(gòu)，提高性能，從而降低成本，適應(yīng)市場需求，以提高競爭力。其具體要求為：
1.主軸轉(zhuǎn):Nmax=1400rmp,Nmin=30-45rmp,Z=10-12;主軸孔徑大于原機(jī)；主軸電動(dòng)機(jī)功率：4kw;
2.控制振動(dòng)、噪聲和熱變形，提高靜、動(dòng)態(tài)性能;
3.盡量利用原傳動(dòng)軸孔位置以便沿用原鏜模工藝裝備，原主軸、進(jìn)給輸出軸位置不得改變。
課題的實(shí)施的方法、步驟及工作量要求
1.查閱有關(guān)資料和設(shè)計(jì)手冊，了解國家或行業(yè)對SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的要求等；
2.確定試驗(yàn)方案，擬定滿足試驗(yàn)要求的SK360車床主軸箱原理圖；
3.確定SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)方案，完成總裝配圖及零件圖，完成圖紙工作量累計(jì)3張零號(hào)圖紙以上；
4.完成外文翻譯漢字5000字以上；
5.完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書（1萬漢字以上）。
指定參考文獻(xiàn)
1.邱宜懷.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).高等教育出版社,2002
2.曹金榜，張玉峰.機(jī)床主軸變速箱設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo).機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1987
3.戴曙.金屬切屑機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì). 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1985
4.翁世修，王良申. 金屬切屑機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo).上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1988
5.吳圣莊. 金屬切屑機(jī)床概論.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
6.范云漲，陳兆年.金屬切屑機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)簡明手冊.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1995
7.年大華.機(jī)械原理.高等教育出版社,1994
8.王世剛，張春宜等.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐.哈爾濱工程大學(xué)出版社,2001
9.顧維邦.金屬切屑機(jī)床.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1984
10.機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)手冊.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1978
11.SK360江西儀表廠使用說明書.江西儀表廠
畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)進(jìn)度計(jì)劃(以周為單位)
第 1 周（2013年2月25日----2013年3月3日）：
檢查寒假外文翻譯情況，下達(dá)具體畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生撰寫開題報(bào)告，熟悉設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容，查閱有關(guān)資料
第 2 周——第 3 周（2013年3月4日----2013年3月17日）：
參觀實(shí)驗(yàn)室或有關(guān)廠家，增加感性認(rèn)識(shí)，方案論證并確定設(shè)計(jì)方案，完成SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)裝配圖、零部件設(shè)計(jì)及有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算
第 4 周——第 5 周（2013年3月18日----2013年3月31日）：
完成SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)機(jī)械部分的設(shè)計(jì)方案，擬定SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)草圖
第 6 周——第 7 周（2013年4月1日----2013年4月14日）：
完成SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)總圖及有關(guān)零件設(shè)計(jì)圖
第 8 周（2013年4月9日----2013年4月21日）：
提交第1-8周的《指導(dǎo)記錄表》、《實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告》和已做的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容，由指導(dǎo)老師初審后上交學(xué)院
第 9 周——第 13 周（2013年4月22日----2013年5月26日）：
在指導(dǎo)老師指導(dǎo)下修改并完成設(shè)計(jì)，完成相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙，同時(shí)撰寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書，并提交指導(dǎo)老師初審
第 14 周——第 16 周（2013年5月27日----2013年6月14日）：
修改畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙及說明書，完成后參加畢業(yè)答辯
備注
注：表格欄高不夠可自行增加。此表由指導(dǎo)教師在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作開始前填寫，每位畢業(yè)生兩份，一份發(fā)給學(xué)生，一份交院（系）留存。
開題報(bào)告
題 目
SK360車床主軸箱改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)
學(xué)生姓名、學(xué)號(hào)
專業(yè)
指導(dǎo)教師姓名
職稱
一 研究的背景、意義
SK車床用途廣泛，社會(huì)擁有量大，適用于各種車削工作，如車削各種零件外圓柱表面、端面及鉆孔、鉸孔及車削內(nèi)控，車削各種公制、英制、模數(shù)及徑節(jié)螺紋。這次設(shè)計(jì)是對江西儀表廠的SK360型車床主軸箱進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，主要要求是簡化結(jié)構(gòu)，降低成本，提高性能，適應(yīng)市場需求，以提高競爭力，改進(jìn)為剛性高，噪音低，工藝性好，操作可靠，維修方便，經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)用性的機(jī)床。數(shù)控機(jī)床是制造業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的標(biāo)志：是提高促進(jìn)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備，促進(jìn)科技國防現(xiàn)代化的重要手段，也是衡量一個(gè)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)，隨著我國WTO的加入，市場經(jīng)濟(jì)將與世界接軌，為加快我國制造業(yè)向高速、高精、高自動(dòng)化、高柔性化、智能化的發(fā)展速度，提高市場競爭能力，數(shù)控機(jī)床是我國列入十五計(jì)劃的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。
近期，對汽車工業(yè)和數(shù)控行業(yè)的重點(diǎn)投入與扶持，98年來中國數(shù)控機(jī)床消費(fèi)量增長率在30%以上，產(chǎn)量年增長率在19%，據(jù)預(yù)測以后幾年中國數(shù)控機(jī)床的市場消費(fèi)將以年均20.75%的速度增長，國家數(shù)控機(jī)床的市場需求空間很大。
同發(fā)達(dá)國家相比，我國機(jī)械行業(yè)基礎(chǔ)較差，數(shù)控應(yīng)用起步較晚，數(shù)控普及率較低，鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、民營企業(yè)較多，數(shù)控技改資金投入有限，機(jī)床價(jià)格成為制約數(shù)控應(yīng)用的一個(gè)障礙，對普通機(jī)床的數(shù)控化改造成為我國應(yīng)用數(shù)控技術(shù)的投資少、見效快的項(xiàng)目。
我國目前機(jī)床總量380余萬臺(tái)，而其中數(shù)控機(jī)床總數(shù)只有11.34萬臺(tái)，即我國機(jī)床數(shù)控化率不到3%。近10年來，我國數(shù)控機(jī)床年產(chǎn)量約為0.6～0.8萬臺(tái)，年產(chǎn)值約為18億元。機(jī)床的年產(chǎn)量數(shù)控化率為6%。我國機(jī)床役齡10年以上的占60%以上；10年以下的機(jī)床中，自動(dòng)/半自動(dòng)機(jī)床不到20%，F(xiàn)MC/FMS等自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)線更屈指可數(shù)（美國和日本自動(dòng)和半自動(dòng)機(jī)床占60%以上）?？梢娢覀兊拇蠖鄶?shù)制造行業(yè)和企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)、加工裝備絕大數(shù)是傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)床，而且半數(shù)以上是役齡在10年以上的舊機(jī)床。用這種裝備加工出來的產(chǎn)品普遍存在質(zhì)量差、品種少、檔次低、成本高、供貨期長，從而在國際、國內(nèi)市場上缺乏競爭力，直接影響一個(gè)企業(yè)的產(chǎn)品、市場、效益，影響企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展。所以必須大力提高機(jī)床的數(shù)控化率。
經(jīng)過大量實(shí)踐證明普通機(jī)床數(shù)控化改造具有一定經(jīng)濟(jì)性、實(shí)用性和穩(wěn)定性。所以很多企業(yè)紛紛將現(xiàn)有機(jī)床改造成經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床，這種做法具有投資少、見效快的特點(diǎn)。事實(shí)證明：用較少的資金，將普通機(jī)床改造升級(jí)為數(shù)控機(jī)床，可以為企業(yè)帶來可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
二 課題研究的基本內(nèi)容、重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)及要解決的主要問題
2.1 基本內(nèi)容是對SK360車床主軸箱進(jìn)行改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)，其床頭箱中和這次設(shè)計(jì)有關(guān)參數(shù)有；規(guī)格：
中心高：190mm。
最大工件長度：880mm。
床身上最大回轉(zhuǎn)直徑：Ф360mm。
床鞍上最大回轉(zhuǎn)直徑：Ф210mm。
床頭箱：
主軸孔錐度：莫氏短6 號(hào)。
主軸孔直徑：Ф37mm。
主軸正轉(zhuǎn)種數(shù)：12種。
轉(zhuǎn)速范圍：37---1500r/min。
主軸反轉(zhuǎn)種數(shù)：6種。
轉(zhuǎn)速范圍：122---1538r/min。
機(jī)床主電機(jī)：
主電機(jī)功率：2.2Kw。
轉(zhuǎn)速：1400r/min
2.2 要解決的主要問題
1.床頭箱提高主軸精度，增加主軸編碼器和相關(guān)元件，滿足數(shù)空控制的要求及精度要求。
2.手動(dòng)卡盤改為電動(dòng)卡盤，降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高工作效率，并且卡盤定心準(zhǔn)確，性能穩(wěn)定，動(dòng)作靈敏，夾緊力大小可調(diào)，最大加緊力達(dá)45KN，夾持范圍達(dá)4～200mm。
3.手動(dòng)刀架改為電動(dòng)刀架，能實(shí)現(xiàn)刀架的轉(zhuǎn)位、定位、夾緊的自動(dòng)控制，滿足數(shù)控編程的要求，并且要求刀架對指令信號(hào)反應(yīng)靈敏，動(dòng)作執(zhí)行準(zhǔn)確可靠，能充分發(fā)揮出數(shù)控化改造后加工效率高、精度高的特點(diǎn)。
4.溜板與床鞍合理匹配，滿足Z向進(jìn)給的剛性結(jié)構(gòu)及數(shù)控化技術(shù)改造的要求。
5.床鞍、滑板、X向、Z向絲杠潤滑，采用電動(dòng)潤滑，降低勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，提高潤滑的可靠性和潤滑質(zhì)量，滿足數(shù)控化改造對潤滑系統(tǒng)的要求，同時(shí)潤滑系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)改造，應(yīng)有利于數(shù)控化技術(shù)改造后車床的安裝調(diào)試及日常維護(hù)。
6.主軸箱潤滑仍采用原潤滑，軸承溫度最高不大于70·C，溫升小于40·C，以利于提高加工精度。
7.電氣改造采用低成本、高穩(wěn)定性的半閉環(huán)數(shù)字化廣州980T控制系統(tǒng)，配置安全可靠的電器控制箱，與機(jī)械部分的數(shù)控化改造相匹配，安裝數(shù)據(jù)輸入顯示屏和車床數(shù)控化功能操作面板，直流穩(wěn)壓電源由隔離變壓器提供，具有良好的安全性和抗干擾性。
8.機(jī)床改造機(jī)械部分精度按國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《JB/T8324.1-96 數(shù)控臥式車床精度》要求；電氣部分按國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《GB5226.1-2002 》要求。
三 課題研究計(jì)劃與寫作提綱
(1) 設(shè)計(jì)步驟：調(diào)研收集設(shè)計(jì)資料——根據(jù)所給定的參數(shù)制定總體設(shè)計(jì)方案——完成總裝圖及部裝圖——完成零件圖——編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書。
(2)2013年 2月20日----2013年 2 月 26 日：
下達(dá)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書，明確任務(wù)，熟悉課題，收集資料，上交外文翻譯、參考文獻(xiàn)和開題報(bào)告。
2013年 2 月 27 日----2013年4 月 15 日：
制定總體方案，繪制總裝圖草圖。
2013年4月16 日----2013年 5月 27日：
修改并完成總裝圖及部裝圖，完成有關(guān)零件圖的設(shè)計(jì)。
2013年 5 月28日----2013年 6 月5 日：
編寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書
2013年 6月 6日----2013年6 月 8 日：
準(zhǔn)備答辯
四 參考文獻(xiàn)
1.邱宜懷.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì).高等教育出版社,2002
2.曹金榜，張玉峰.機(jī)床主軸變速箱設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo).機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1987
3.戴曙.金屬切屑機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì). 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1985
4.翁世修，王良申. 金屬切屑機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo).上海交通大學(xué)出版社,1988
5.吳圣莊. 金屬切屑機(jī)床概論.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社
6.范云漲，陳兆年.金屬切屑機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)簡明手冊.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1995
7.年大華.機(jī)械原理.高等教育出版社,1994
8.王世剛，張春宜等.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐.哈爾濱工程大學(xué)出版社,2001
9.顧維邦.金屬切屑機(jī)床.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1984
10.機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)手冊.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1978
11.SK360江西儀表廠使用說明書.江西儀表廠
學(xué)生簽名： 年 月 日
指導(dǎo)教師批閱意見
（指導(dǎo)教師應(yīng)對課題研究的思路、方法、對策、措施和預(yù)期成效等做出評(píng)價(jià)，并提出具體的改進(jìn)意見）
指導(dǎo)教師簽名： 年 月 日
4
Design Of Tool Machine Prop
Research significance
The original knife machine control procedures are designed individually, not used tool management system, features a single comparison, the knife only has to find the tool knife, knife positioning the shortest path, axis tool change, but does not support large-scale tool.
Automatic knife in the knife election, in the computer memory knife-election on the basis of using the Siemens 840 D features, and the election procedures knife more concise, and complete the space Daotao View. ATC use the knife rapid completion of STEP-7 programming, and have been tested in practice. In the positioning of the knife, PLC controlled modular design method, which future production of similar machines will be very beneficial, it is easy to use its other machine. Automatic tool change systems will be faster growth, reduced tool change time, increase the positioning accuracy tool is an important means to help NC technology development.
Tool and inventory components of modern production is an important link in the management, especially for large workshop management. The traditional way of account management, and low efficiency, high error rate, and not sharing information and data, tools and the use of state can not track the life cycle, are unable to meet the current information management needs. With actual production, we have to establish a workshop tool for the three-dimensional tool storage system to meet the knife workshop with auxiliary storage and management needs.
The system uses optimization technology, a large number of computer storage inventory information, timely, accurate, and comprehensive tool to reflect the inventory situation. The entire system uses a graphical interface, man-machine dialogue tips from the Chinese menu, select various functions can be realized and the importation of all kinds of information. Management system using online help function. Through the workshop management, network management and sharing of information. Have automated inventory management, warehousing management tool, a tool for the management and statistical functions.
1.System components and control structure
The entire system, including the structure and electrical machinery control systems.
1.1.1Mechanical structure and working principle
Tool from the stent, drive, drive system, Turret, shielding, control system, and electrical components. Support from the column, beam, the upper and lower guide Central track, and track support component.
1) Drive for the system chosen VVVF method. Cone used brake motors, with VVVF by Cycloid reducer through sprocket drive.
2) Drag a variable frequency drive system and control technology. VVVF adopted, will speed drive shaft in the normal range adjustment to control the speed rotary turret to 5 ~ 30mm in, the drive shaft into two, two under through sprocket, the two profiled rollers Chain driven rotating shelves. Expansion chain adopted by the thread tight regulation swelling, swelling the regular way. - Conditioned, under the same chain-of-conditioning, so that the chain of uniform.
3) Turret and shields the entire total of 14 independent Turret. 13 of them as a socket-Turret, as a drawer-Turret, each Turret back through the pin and, under the conveyor chain link chain plate, installed at the bottom roller, chain driven rotating turret rotation along the track. Outlet-Turret and BT50-BT40 Turret Turret two kinds of forms. To strengthen management, security, landscaping modeling, shelf peripherals and shields. Turret-drawer drawer placed at six other Des Voeux a knife, can be categorized with some of knife auxiliary equipment, such as bits, such as turning tools.
1.1.2.Electrical Control System
This tool storage systems is the main electrical control their shelves for operational control and position control. Operational control equipment, including operation of the start of braking control. Position Control is the main location and address of the shelves for testing. Control system as shown in Figure 1.
圖 1 Tool Control System for the
1) Electric Transmission horizontal rotary tool storage systems are the mechanical movements are repeated short-term work system. And the run-time system needs some speed, speed transmission needs, the system will use VVVF method can be used simple structure, reliable operation of the motor and frequency inverter.
2) Control of the system is divided into two kinds of manual control and automatic control, manual control as a general reserve and debugging methods of work; ways to the system control computer (IPC) and the control unit (inverter contactor , etc.) consisting of a control system.
3) location and positioning accuracy of the system automatically identify the site and location using a detection device as proximity switches, relays through the plate-point isolation and the number plate recorded close to the switching signal acquisition and operation of Hutchison with a Optimal Path addressable identify the current location and shelves of the purpose of the shelf location. In order to enable a more accurate positioning system, adopted two photoelectric switches, to detect the two shelves of the two films.
1.2.The functions of the knife
knife The is the role of reserves a certain number of tools, machine tool spindle in hand to achieve the fungibility a disc cutter knife is the type of library, the chain knives, and other means, in the form of the knife and capacity according to the Machine Tool to determine the scope of the process.
1.3.Common types
The knife is a tool storage devices, the common knife mainly in the following forms:
(1) the turret knife
Including the first level turret vertical turret and the first two, see Figure 2.6 a) and b):
(2) the disc cutter
Disc knife in the library with discoid knife, cutting tool along See how vertical arrangement (including radial and axial from knife from knife), along See how radial array into acute or arranged in the form of the knife. Simple, compact, more applications, but are ring-cutter, low utilization of space. Figure 2.7 a) to c). If the knife storage capacity must be increased to increase the diameter of the knife, then the moment of inertia also increased correspondingly, the election campaign long knife. Tool number not more than 32 general. Cutter was multi-loop order of the space utilization knife, but inevitably given the knife from complex institutions, applicable to the restricted space Machine Tool storage capacity and more occasions. Two-disc structure is two smaller capacity knife on both sides of the sub-spindle place, more compact layout, the number of certificates corresponding increase knife, apply to small and medium-sized processing center.
(3) the chain knife
? Including single-and multi-ring chain ring chain, chain link can take many forms change, see Figure 2.8 a) to c), the basic structure shown in Figure 2. 8 do
Features: knife apply to the larger capacity of the occasion, the space of the small number of generally applicable to the tool in the 30-120. Only increase the length of the chain tool will increase the number should not be increased circumferential speed of its moment of inertia of the knife does not increase the disc as large.
(4) linear combination knife and the knife library
The linear knife simple structure in Figure 2.9, tool single order, the capacity of small knife, used for CNC lathe and drill press on. Because the location of fixed knife, ATC completed action by the spindle without manipulator. The cutter knife is generally the turret combination turret with a combination of the disc cutter knife and the chain combination. Every single knife the knife certificates of smaller, faster tool change. There are also some intensive drum wheel, and the lattice-type magazine for the knife, the knife-intensive though. Small footprint, but because of structural constraints, basically not used for single processing center, the concentration used for FMS for the knife system.
1.4 Tool storage capacity
Tool storage capacity of the first to consider the needs of processing, from the use of point of view, generally 10 to 40 knives, knife will be the utilization of the high, and the structure is compact.
1.5 Tool options
(1) choose to order processing tool according to the order, followed Add to the knife every knife in the Block. Each tool change, the order of rotation of a cutter knife on location, and remove the need knives, has been used by the cutter knife can be returned to the original Block, can also order Add Block, a knife. However, as the knife in the tool in different processes can not be repeated use of the knife must increase the capacity and lower utilization rate.
(2) most of the arbitrary choice of the current system of using arbitrary NC election knives, divided into Daotao coding, coding and memory-cutter, three. Daotao coding tool code or knives or Daotao need to install the code used to identify, in accordance with the general principle of binary coding coding. Tool knife election coding method uses a special knife handle structure, and each of the coding tool. Each of the tool has its own code, thereby cutting tool can be in different processes repeatedly used, not to replace the tool back at the original knife, the knife capacity can be reduced accordingly. Memory-election this paper knife, in this way can knives and knife in the position corresponding to the Daotao memory of the PLC in the NC system, no matter which tool on the Inner knife, tool information is always there in mind, PLC . On the knife with position detection devices, will be the location of each Daotao. This tool can be removed and sent back to arbitrary. On the knife is also a mechanical origin, every election, the nearest knife selection.
1.6. Control of the knife
? (1) the knife as a system to control the positioning axis. In the ladder diagram in accordance with the instructions for computing T code comparison of the output angle and speed of instructions to the knife the knife servo drive servo motor. Tool storage capacity, rotation speed, and / deceleration time, and other system parameters can be set in such a manner free from any outside influence positioning accurate and reliable but the cost is higher.
? (2) knife from the hydraulic motor drives, fast / slow the points, with proximity switches count and positioning. In comparison ladder diagram of the current storage system knife (knife spindle) and goals knife (pre-knife) and computing, then output rotation instructions, judging by the shortest path rotation in place. This approach requires sufficient hydraulic power and electromagnetic valve knife the rotational speed can be adjusted through the throttle. But over time may be oily hydraulic, oil temperature and environmental factors impact the change in velocity and accuracy. Not generally used in large and medium-sized machine tool change frequently.
? (3) the knife from AC asynchronous motor driven cam mechanism (Markov institutions), with proximity switches count, which means stable operation, and generally accurate and reliable positioning cam used in conjunction with a mechanical hand, ATC fast-positioning.
2. ATC, the main types, characteristics, and the scope of application
2.1 Auto Rotary Tool
Rotary Tool automatically on the use of CNC machine tool is a simple installation of automatic tool change, the Quartet and 47.60 Turret Tool various forms, such as rotary turret were installed on four, six or more of the Tool , NC instructions by ATC. Rotary Tool has two vertical and horizontal, relatively simple structure, applicable to economic CNC lathe.
Rotary Tool in the structure must have good strength and stiffness, resistance to bear rough Cutting Tool in the cutting force and reduce the role of deformation and improve processing accuracy. Rotating Tool to choose reliable positioning programme structure and reasonable position, in order to ensure that each rotary turret to a higher position after repeated positioning accuracy (typically 0.001 to 0.005mm). Figure 2.1 shows the spiral movements of the Quartet Turret.
Auto Rotary Tool in the simplest of ATC, is 180 o rotary ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.2 ATC instructions received, the machine control system put ATC spindle control to the designated location at the same time, the tool movement to the appropriate location, ATC, with the rotary axis and at the same time, the knives matching tool; drawbars from Spindle Cutting Tools rip, ATC, will be the tool from their position removed; ATC, 180 o rotary tool spindle and the tool and tool away; ATC, the Rotary At the same time, the tool refocusing its position to accept Spindle removed from the cutting tool; Next, ATC, will be replaced with the cutter knives were unloaded into the spindle and tool: Finally, back to the original ATC, "standby" position. At this point, ATC completed procedures to continue to run. This ATC, the main advantage of simple structure, the less movement, fast tool change. The main disadvantage is that knives must be kept in parallel with the axis of the plane, and after the home side compared to the tool, chip and liquid-cutting knife into the folder, it is necessary to the tool plus protection. Cone knife folder on the chip will cause ATC error, or even damage knife folders, and the possibility of spindle. Some processing centre at the transfer, and the tool side. When the ATC command is called, the transfer-cutter knives will be removed, the machine go forward, and positioning with the ATC, in line with the position. 180 o "Rotary ATC devices can be used horizontal machine, can also be used for vertical machining centers.
2. 2 ATC head-turret installed
With rotating CNC machine tool often used such ATC devices, with a few turret head spindle, each with a spindle on both knives, the first tower interim process can be automatic tool change-realization. The advantage is simple structure, tool change time is short, only about 2 s. However, due to spatial constraints, the number of spindle can not be too much, usually only apply to processes less, not to high precision machine tools, such as the NC drill, such as CNC milling machine. In recent years there has been a mechanical hand and the turret head with a knife for the automatic tool change ATC devices, as shown in Figure 2.3. It is in fact a turret head ATC, and the knife-ATC device combination. The principle is as follows:
5 turret on the first two tool spindle 3 and 4, when using the tool spindle 4 processing tool, the manipulator 2 will be the next step to the need for the tool does not work on the tool spindle 3 until after the completion of this process , the first rotary turret 180 o, ATC completed. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed.
2. 3.Daidao system for the automatic tool change
Figure 2.4 shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig.
? Figure 2.5 shows the knife and split-type machine to the appearance of CNC machine tool plans.
At this point, knife storage capacity, a heavier tool can, and often additional transport unit to complete the knife between the spindle and cutting tool transport.
Daidao the knife from the ATC, the election knives, automatic loading and unloading machine tool and tool exchange institutions (manipulator), composed of four parts, used widely.
Tool Automatic Tool Change the manipulator system, the whole process more complicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the pre-size, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back into the knife.
? ATC, as the former two knives to accommodate a limited number can not be too many, can not meet the needs of complex parts machining, CNC machine tool Automatic Tool Change Daidao the use of the automatic tool change devices. The knife has more capacity, both installed in the spindle box side or above. As for the automatic tool change Daidao device CNC machine tool spindle box only a spindle, spindle components to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more complex parts of the machining processes, significantly improving productivity. Daidao system for the automatic tool change applied to drilling centres and CNC machining centers. The comparison drawn Daidao automatic tool change system is the most promising.
3.PLC control of the knife random mode of election
3. 1Common methods of automatic election knife
Automatic control of the knife CNC refers to the system after the implementation of user instructions on the knife library automation process, including the process to find knives and automatic tool change [(63,71]. CNC Machining Center device (CNC) directive issued by the election knife , a knife, the tool required to take the knife position, said the election automatic knife. automatically elected knife There are two ways: random sequence election knives and knife election method.
3.1.1 order election knife
Tool Selection order is the process tool according to the sequence of the insert knife, the use of knives in order to take place, used knives back at the original knife, can also order Add Block, a knife. In this way, no need Tool identification devices, and drive control is a relatively simple, reliable and can be used directly from the points of the knife machinery to achieve. But the knives in each of the tool in different processes can not be reused, if the tool is installed in accordance with the order of the knife, there will be serious consequences. The need to increase the number of knives and knife the capacity of the tool and reduce the utilization of the knife.
3.1.2Random election knife
Random election under the knife is arbitrary instructions to select the required tools, then there must be tool identification devices. Tool knife in the library do not have the processing in accordance with the order of the workpiece can be arbitrary storage. Each of the tool (or knife blocks) are for a code, automatic tool change, the rotary cutter, every tool have been the "tool identification device" acceptable identification. When CNC tool code and the code in line with directives of the tool selected, the rotary cutter knives will be sent to the ATC position, waiting to grab manipulator. Random knife election is the advantage of the cutter knife in the order has nothing to do with the processing sequence, the same tool can be used repeatedly. Therefore, the relatively small number of knives, knife the corresponding smaller. Random elections knife on the tool must be coded to identify. There are three main coding.
1. Tool coding. Adopt special knife handle structure coding, the drawbars on the knife handle back-end packages such as spacing of the coding part of the lock-nut fixed. Coding diameter ring diameter of a size two, respectively, said that binary "1" and "0" to the two rings are different, can be a series of code. For example, there are six small diameter of the ring can be made to distinguish between 63 (26-1 = 63) of the coding tool. All of 0 normally not allowed to use the code, to avoid the cutter knife Block did not confuse the situation.
2. Knife Block coding. On the knife Block coding, coding tool, and tool into line with the number of knives in the Block. ATC knife when the rotation, so that each knife seats followed through knowledge knife, knife found blocks, knives stopped the rot
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