Unit 3《The world of colours and light》-grammar and usage學(xué)案1（牛津譯林版選修8）

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111 M8U3 The world of colors and light Grammar and usage學(xué)案 倒裝句 第一部分：重點(diǎn)講解 英語(yǔ)最基本的語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后。但有時(shí)由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，就要采用倒裝形式。將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞完全移到主語(yǔ)之前稱為完全倒裝，只將助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放到主語(yǔ)之前稱為部分倒裝。強(qiáng)調(diào)性倒裝和以so, neither, nor開頭的句子是高考例題的熱點(diǎn)。 （一）倒裝句的意義 1、適應(yīng)一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，主要是指疑問(wèn)句句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。 e.g. May I come in? Was the People’s Liberation Army founded in 1927? 2、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一部分，而把這部分放到句首，構(gòu)成倒裝。 e.g. Never have I been late for school this term. So early did he come to school that no other students came. （二）倒裝的使用情況 1、在 “there be” 結(jié)構(gòu)里，there是引導(dǎo)詞，主語(yǔ)在be后。 e.g. There is a box on the table. 2、在疑問(wèn)句中。 e.g. Is she singing in the classroom? What does your mother do? 3、在here, there等副詞開頭的某些句子里（要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)）。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，主語(yǔ)和主要?jiǎng)釉~的詞序不變。（完全倒裝） e.g. There goes the bell. Here is an apple for you. There she comes. 4、重復(fù)倒裝句型，用在以so, nor, neither開頭，表示謂語(yǔ)所述的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一樣”、“也這樣”；nor, neither用于否定句，表示“同樣也不，也不這樣”。 e.g. I am watching TV. So is she. My parents didn’t watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I. 5、直接引語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí)，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。（完全倒裝） e.g. “Very well,” said the French student. “Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea, please.” said he. 6、在以never, little, hardly, not only, few, not, seldom等否定副詞開頭的句子中，采用部分倒裝。如不放在句首就不要倒裝。 e.g. Little did he say at the meeting. Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army. 比較：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army. 7、用于以only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句的句子中。 e.g. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to wrk. Only in this way can we learn English well. 注意：如果only后的詞組不是狀語(yǔ)，不需倒裝。 e.g. Only Wang Lili knows this. 8、為了表達(dá)生動(dòng)，有時(shí)把表地點(diǎn)、方位的副詞，如 up, down, out, away, in等放在句首，同時(shí)把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)之前。若主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的位置不變，只將副詞放在句首。（完全倒裝） e.g. Away hurried the boy. Out rushed the girl. 9、在虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，條件從句的謂語(yǔ)含有were, had 和should這三個(gè)詞是，可省去if，將這些詞移至主語(yǔ)之前。 e.g. Had I time (= If I had time), I would go and help you. Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad. Should he come (=If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 10、as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要倒裝（形容詞/ 副詞/ 名詞/ 動(dòng)詞 + as + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)）。 e.g. Proud as they are, they are afraid to see me. Child as he is, he seems to know everything.（child前不加冠詞） Hard as he worded, he made little progress. 11、用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。 e.g. May you succeed! Long live the People’s Republic of China! 12、So + 形容詞、副詞及such 置于句首時(shí)要倒裝。 So happy did he feel. Such was me. 第二部分：練習(xí) 1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted. A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t realize D. I realized 2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language. A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you 3. If you don’t go, neither ____. A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I shall 4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left. A. had I got, when B. I had got, than C. had I got, than D. did I get, when 5. — Your father is very strict with you. —____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he 6. ____ today, he would get there by Sunday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 7. Never in my life ____ such a thing. A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see 8. ---- Here ____! Where is Xiao Liu? ---- There ____. A. comes the bus, is he B. comes the bus, he is C. the bus comes, is he D. the bus comes, he is 9. ____ , I will not buy it. A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much 10. ---- I like football. I don’t like volleyball. ---- ____. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is it with me 11._____ the expense, I _____ to Italy. A. If it were not, go B. Were it not for, would go C. Weren't it for, will go D. If it hadn t been, would have gone 12. So _____ in the darkness that he didn' t dare to move an inch. A. he was frightened B. was he frightened C. frightened he was D. frightened was he 13.—In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes. —Yes, _____ and boys. After all, our life has greatly improved. A. so do they; so do you B. so they do; so you do C. so do they; so you do D. so they do; so do you 14.—You have an English class every day except Sunday. --- _____. A. So we have B. So we do C. So have we D. So do we 15.1 wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _____, so _____ mine. A. does; will B. will; does C. will; would D. does; do 16. Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea. A. that I knew B. did I knew C. 1 could know D. I did know 17.—You seem to have learned all the English words by heart. A. Sol do B. Sodol C. So I have D. So have 1 18. —I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. A. So do I B. Neither do I C. I m the same D. So it is with me 19. So excited _____ that he couldn't say a word. A. he seemed B. did he seem C. was he seeming D. he did look 20. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _____ down in the dictation. A. he wrote B. he was written C. did he write D. was he written 21. Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me. A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know 22. —Have you ever seen anything like that before? — ____. A. No, I never have seen anything like that before B. No, never I have seen anything like that before C. No, never have 1 seen anything like that before D. No, I have seen anything like that before never 23. _____ , 1 would accept the invitation and go to the party. A. Were I you B. Was I you C. Had I been you D. Would 1 be you 24. You should work less _____. A. and neither should I B. and so should I C. and nor should I D. and so I should 25. _____ and caught the mouse. A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat 26. Not only _____ a promise, but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made 27. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _____. A. So is his aunt B. So has his aunt C. So his aunt does D. So it is with his aunt 28. Not once _____ their plan. A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change 29.—Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? —I don't know, and ______ . A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also 30. Not until he arrived home _____ he find that this wallet had been stolen. A. did B. would C. when D. that 31. —This is one of the oldest trees in the world. — _____ such a big tree. A. Never I have seen B. I haven't never seen C. Never have I seen D. I have seen never 32. Nowhere else in the world _____ cheaper tailoring（裁縫業(yè), 成衣業(yè)）than in Hong Kong. A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist find C. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found 33. _____ succeed in doing anything. A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working hard we can C. Only we can by working hard D. Only by working hard can we 34. _____ that we all went out, lying in the sun. A. So fine was the weather B. So was the fine weather C. The weather was so fine was D. So the weather was tine 35. ____ a nice man ____ that we all believe him. A. So; did he seem B. So; he seemed C. Such; he seemed D. Such; did he seem 36. —You seem to be an actor. —_____. I have played many parts in a lot of films. A. So do I B. So am I C. So I do D. So I am 37. Not only ____ working hard, but also ____ very polite. A. the boy is; he is B. is the boy; he is C. the boy is; is he D. is the boy; is he 38. _____ , he never seems able to do the work beautifully. A. Try as he does B. As he tries C. Try as does he D. As try he does 39.—I cannot see the picture well from here. — _____. A. Neither can t I B. Neither I can C. I can't neither D. Neither can I 40.— You ought to have given them some advice — _____, but who cared what I asked? A. So ought you B. So 1 ought C. So it was D. So I did 41. So carelessly _____ that he almost killed himself. A. he drives B. does he drive C. did he drive D. he drove 42. Little _____ about his own health though he was very ill. A. he cared B. did he care C. he cares D. does he care 43. Well ____ know him and well ____ know me. A. I did; he did B. did I; he did C. did I; did he D. I did; did he 44. No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street. A. did they hear the news than B. did they hear the news when C. had they heard the news than D. had they heard the news when 45. Little wonder _____ up their hands in dismay. A. have some thrown B. some have thrown C. thrown some have D. have thrown some 46. _____ , he would have passed the exam. A. If he were to study B. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard 47. We were lucky enough, for no sooner _____ home _____ it rained. A. we returned; and B. we had returned; when C. did we return; when D. had we returned; than 48. So little _____ agree on the plan that they could not settle their difference. A. did they B. do they C. they did D. they did not 49. _____ he realized it was too late to return home. A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly did it grow dark when C. It was not until dark that D. It was until dark that 50. Gone _________ when we were young and lively. A. the days are B. are the days C. there were days D. were there days 第三部分：練習(xí)答案 1~5 BDACA 6~10 CBBCC 11~15 BDDBA 16~20 BADBC 21~25 DCABC 26~30 ADABA 31~35 CBDAD 36~40 DBADD 41~45 CBCCB 46~50 CDACB 111