球閥設(shè)計大致過程.doc
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本科課程設(shè)計 題 目: 過程流體機械課程設(shè)計 學 院: 機械與自動控制學院 專業(yè)班級: 過程裝備與控制工程 姓 名: 學 號: 二O一六年七月 目 錄 摘 要 · ·························································I 第一章 工作原理和設(shè)計方法········································· 1 1.1 工作原理··················································· 1 1.2 設(shè)計方法··················································· 1 1.2.1 球閥結(jié)構(gòu)·················································· 1 1.2.2 球閥材料·················································· 2 1.2.3 閥體················································ 3 1.2.4 球體················································ 4 1.2.5 閥桿················································ 4 第二章 球閥尺寸計算················································6 2.1 閥體······················································· 6 2.2 閥桿······················································· 6 2.2.1 閥桿尺寸··········································· 6 2.3 球體尺寸計算··············································· 6 2.4 密封比壓··················································· 6 2.5 球閥轉(zhuǎn)矩··················································· 9 2.6 法蘭螺栓校核·············································· 10 2.7 法蘭選型·················································· 11 第三章 數(shù)值模擬計算方法········································· 12 3.1 數(shù)學模型···················································12 3.2 網(wǎng)格劃分···················································13 3.3 邊界條件···················································14 3.4 CFD使用步驟················································14 第四章 管道內(nèi)流體模擬結(jié)果分析····································· 15 4.1 球閥在不同相對開度時的速度分析······························· 15 4.2 球閥在不同相對開度時的壓力分析······························· 16 4.3 球閥在不同相對開度時的流量系數(shù)分析··························· 17 第五章 總結(jié)······················································· 參考文獻·························································· 摘要 本學期過程流體機械,我組所做課程設(shè)計為V型球閥。V型球閥屬于固定球閥,也是單閥座密封球閥,調(diào)節(jié)性能在球閥中比較有優(yōu)勢。本設(shè)計說明根據(jù)已知的球法者及經(jīng)驗對DN100mm,PN 1MPa的球閥進行設(shè)計,主要包括了材料選擇,結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,尺寸計算,強度校核,三維建模,CFD數(shù)值模擬分析等。并且,盡量式結(jié)構(gòu)在滿足其工藝要求的前提下,降低結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜性。 本設(shè)計中,根據(jù)老師給定的數(shù)據(jù)和已知條件進行設(shè)計,并根據(jù)國家標準和設(shè)計手冊進行選材。設(shè)計期間用到了solidworks進行三維建模,并建立了流道圖,用到了gambit進行網(wǎng)格劃分,設(shè)置邊界條件,用fluent進行對不同開度時的流道進行壓力和速度分析并獲得相應云圖。通過以上軟件完成對V型球閥的分析計算。并未以后的相應工作打好相應的基礎(chǔ)。 關(guān)鍵詞:結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,尺寸計算,強度校核,數(shù)值分析 第一章 工作原理及設(shè)計方法 1.1 工作原理 具有與截止閥相同的旋轉(zhuǎn)90度提動作,不同的是旋塞體是球體,有錐形通孔或通道通過其軸線。當球旋轉(zhuǎn)90度時,在進、出口處應全部呈現(xiàn)球面,從而截斷流動。球閥的主要特點是本身結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,易于操作和維修,適用于水、溶劑、酸和天然氣等一般工作介質(zhì),而且還適用于工作條件惡劣的介質(zhì),如氧氣、過氧化氫、甲烷和乙烯等。球閥閥體可以是整體的,也可以是組合式的。V型球閥是中央有通孔的球作開關(guān)的閥門,傳統(tǒng)上分為浮動V型球閥和軸耳固定V型球閥兩種。浮動V型球閥的開關(guān)球經(jīng)閥座密封對接在閥體中轉(zhuǎn)動,轉(zhuǎn)動到通孔與通道口對準時為全通,轉(zhuǎn)動到通孔與通道口成一定角度時為全閉。 浮動V型球閥的開關(guān)球通過槽與操作閥桿相連,在介質(zhì)壓力作用下,可相對閥桿或閥體浮動在下游閥座上,從而實現(xiàn)關(guān)閉密封。軸耳固定V型球閥的開關(guān)球通過以閥桿為軸的軸耳固定在閥體上,在介質(zhì)壓力作用下,不可相對閥體浮動,只能通過上游閥座的浮動實現(xiàn)關(guān)閉密封。因此,浮動V型球閥的閥座可以是固定閥座,軸耳固定V型球閥的閥座是浮動閥座??偨Y(jié):V型球閥座的結(jié)構(gòu)和性能可通過閥座的截面基準等邊三角形來控制和調(diào)整,因此,凡V型球閥座皆可按等邊三角截面法設(shè)計,首先按結(jié)構(gòu)和性能基本需要確定其截面基準等邊三角形,然后以截面基準等邊三角形為截面要素、截面成分或截面輪廓確定閥座截面,最后按具體需要選擇材料。實際上,按等邊三角截面法設(shè)計,V型球閥座和開關(guān)球一同變得極易標準化,而一旦標準化后,V型球閥座和球的設(shè)計僅在于按介質(zhì)和介質(zhì)壓力簡單確定材料。(等邊三角形截面法) 1.2 設(shè)計方法 1.2.1 球閥結(jié)構(gòu) 1.2.2 球閥材料 球閥材料根據(jù)公稱壓力選用,由球閥設(shè)計計算手冊查得可選 灰鑄鐵 HT 150 。如圖示: 閥體選用HT150 σL=21.5 MPa σW=40MPa τ=11MPa 1.2.3 閥體 閥體為二分式閥體,法蘭連接,材料為HT150 設(shè)計初始條件 口徑:25mm 壓差:5000Pa 進口壓力:0.1MPa 公稱壓力PN=1MPa 閥體壁厚設(shè)計: tB'=5.892mm 所以 附加余量c = 5mm 所以tB=6mm 1.2.4 球體 確定球體直徑: 對于通孔球徑,球體半徑一般按R=(0.8~0.95)d計算 對小口徑R取相對大值,反之取較小值為了保證球體表面能完全覆蓋閥座密封面,選定球徑后,須按下式校核: Dmin=D22-d2 R=24mm 根據(jù)以上可選球徑為R=24mm,A=10mm,H=6mm。 1.2.4 閥桿 閥桿的確定可由球體的直徑來確定,由球體直徑D=48mm,查閥門設(shè)計手冊可選閥桿: 第二章 球閥尺寸計算 2.1 閥體 口徑:25mm 壓差:5000Pa 進口壓力:0.1MPa 公稱壓力PN=1MPa tB'=5.892mm 所以 附加余量c = 5mm 所以tB=6mm 2.2 閥桿 2.2.1 閥桿尺寸: 由上述方法可計算: 對于球徑R=24mm的球,可選用閥桿尺寸為:d=12mm, SR=50mm, h=5mm, d0=16mm, b=8mm。 2.3球體尺寸計算: 根據(jù)1.2.4可計算得球體的尺寸: 對于通孔球徑,球體半徑一般按R=(0.8~0.95)d計算 對小口徑R取相對大值,反之取較小值 。 為了保證球體表面能完全覆蓋閥座密封面,選定球徑后,須按下式校核 Dmin=D22-d2 R=24mm 根據(jù)以上可選球徑為R=24mm,A=10mm,H=6mm。 2.4密封比壓確定 當 qMF下載提示(請認真閱讀)
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