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摘 要
數(shù)控機(jī)床即數(shù)字程序控制機(jī)床，是一種自動化機(jī)床，數(shù)控技術(shù)是數(shù)控機(jī)床研究的核心，是制造業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)自動化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、柔性化、集成化的基礎(chǔ)。隨著制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展，現(xiàn)代數(shù)控機(jī)床借助現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)、工序集約化和新的功能部件使機(jī)床的加工范圍、動態(tài)性能、加工精度和可靠性有了極大的提高。
本文主要對XK5040數(shù)控立式銑床及控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)，首先分析立式銑床的加工特點(diǎn)和加工要求確定其主參數(shù)，包括運(yùn)動和動力參數(shù)；根據(jù)主參數(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)要求進(jìn)行主運(yùn)動系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)。主要進(jìn)行主運(yùn)動系統(tǒng)和進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及滾珠絲杠和步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選型和校核；對于控制系統(tǒng)由于這里主要針對經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控銑床的設(shè)計(jì)，這里采用步進(jìn)電機(jī)開環(huán)控制，計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)采用高性能價(jià)格比的MCS-51系列單片擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)，主要進(jìn)行中央處理單元的選擇、存儲器擴(kuò)展和接口電路設(shè)計(jì)。
由于本文采用8031單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)，因此，設(shè)計(jì)出的立式銑床性能價(jià)格比高，滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求?？蓪?shí)用于加工精度較高的場合。
關(guān)鍵詞 數(shù)控技術(shù)，立式銑床，設(shè)計(jì)
ABSTRACT
The numerical control engine bed is the digital process control engine bed, is one kind of automated engine bed, the numerical control technology is the core which the numerical control engine bed studies, is the manufacturing industry realization automation, the network, the flexibility, the integrated foundation. Along with the manufacture technology development, the modern numerical control engine bed with the aid of the modern design technology, the working procedure intensification and the new function part caused the engine bed the processing scope, the dynamic performance, the processing precision and the reliability had the enormous enhancement .
This article mainly carries on the design to the XK5040 numerical control vertical milling machine and the control system, first analyzes the vertical milling machine the processing characteristic and the processing request determines its host parameter, including movement and dynamic parameter; Carry on the host kinematic scheme according to the host parameter and the design request, enters for the system and the control system hardware circuit design. Mainly carries on the host kinematic scheme and enters for the system mechanism design and the ball bearing guide screw and electric stepping motor shaping and the examination; Regarding control system because here mainly aims at the economy numerical control milling machine the design, here uses electric stepping motor open-loop control, the computer system uses the high performance price compared to the MCS-51 series monolithic expansion system, mainly carries on the central processing element the choice, the memory expansion and the connection circuit design .
Because this article uses 8,031 monolithic integrated circuits control system, therefore, designs the vertical milling machine performance price is higher than, satisfies the efficient request. But practical to processing precision higher situation .
Key words：Numerical control technology， Vertical milling machine，Design
目 錄
摘 要 1
1 總體設(shè)計(jì) 5
1.1、銑床簡介 5
1.2、 XK5040型數(shù)控銑床的總體布局、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)及總傳動系統(tǒng)圖 5
1.2.1 XK5040型數(shù)控銑床的總體布局 5
1.2.2 XK5040型數(shù)控銑床的主要技術(shù)參數(shù) 6
1.2.3 總傳動系統(tǒng)圖 8
2 主運(yùn)動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.1 傳動系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 9
2.1.1參數(shù)的擬定 9
2.1.2 傳動結(jié)構(gòu)或結(jié)構(gòu)網(wǎng)的選擇 9
2.1.3 轉(zhuǎn)速圖擬定 11
2.1.4齒輪齒數(shù)的確定及傳動系統(tǒng)圖的繪制 13
２.２ 傳動件的估算與驗(yàn)算 16
2.2.1傳動軸的估算和驗(yàn)算 16
２.２.２齒輪模數(shù)的估算 19
２.３ 展開圖設(shè)計(jì) 24
２.３.１結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際的內(nèi)容及技術(shù)要求 24
２.３.２ 齒輪塊的設(shè)計(jì) 25
２.３.３ 傳動軸設(shè)計(jì) 27
２.３.４ 主軸組件設(shè)計(jì) 30
２.４ 制動器設(shè)計(jì) 35
２.４.１ 按扭矩選擇 35
２.５ 截面圖設(shè)計(jì) 36
２.５.１ 軸的空間布置 37
２.５.２ 操縱機(jī)構(gòu) 37
２.５.３ 潤滑 37
２.５.４箱體設(shè)計(jì)的確有關(guān)問題 38
３ 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 40
３.１ 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) 40
３.１.１對進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)的基本要求 40
３.１.２進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要求 40
３.１.３總體方案 40
３.２ 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分設(shè)計(jì) 41
３.２.１確定脈沖當(dāng)量，計(jì)算切削力 41
３.２.２滾珠絲桿螺母副的計(jì)算和造型 43
３.２.３齒輪傳動比計(jì)算 51
３.２.４ 步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算和選型 52
３.２.５ 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng)機(jī)械部分結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 62
４ 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 66
4.1繪制控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 66
4.2.選擇中央處理單元（CPU）的類型 66
4.3存儲器擴(kuò)展電路設(shè)計(jì) 67
４.３.１程序存儲器的擴(kuò)展 67
４.３.２ 數(shù)據(jù)存儲器的擴(kuò)展 68
４.４?I/O接口電路及輔助電路設(shè)計(jì) 68
４.４.１ ?I/O接口電路設(shè)計(jì) 68
４.４.２ 步進(jìn)電機(jī)接口及驅(qū)動電路 69
４.２.３ 其他輔助電路 70
參考文獻(xiàn) 73
致謝 74
附 錄（英文翻譯及實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告） 75