高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題十一 特殊句式（強(qiáng)調(diào)倒裝主謂一致省略及其他）課件.ppt

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專題十一 特殊句式(強(qiáng)調(diào),倒裝,主謂一致,省略及其他),詞匯復(fù)習(xí)11(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填入以f開(kāi)頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以f開(kāi)頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。) 【情景】When the fashion art master delivered the speech,he mentioned that you have to (打,斗爭(zhēng)) against the following (因素) such as self-doubt, (失敗),loneliness,misunderstanding and even threat on condition that you want to have access to achievement.Furthermore,you should get (熟悉) with any flexible change,focus on the key points and form a good habit.Only in this way can a person have good fortune.,fight,factors,failure,familiar,譯文:當(dāng)那個(gè)時(shí)尚藝術(shù)大師發(fā)表演講時(shí),他提到:如果你想獲得成就,你必須和以下因素作斗爭(zhēng),例如,不自信、失敗、孤獨(dú)、誤解,甚至是威脅。而且,你應(yīng)該熟悉任何靈活的變化,著重關(guān)注要點(diǎn),養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣。只有用這種方式一個(gè)人才可以得到好運(yùn)。,特殊句式很特別,每類都有規(guī)則尋; 注意語(yǔ)境和邏輯,感情表達(dá)更充分。 1.(2015·重慶卷改編)Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.,答案,解析,2.(2015·天津卷改編)Only when Lily walked into the office (she realize)that she had left the contract at home.,答案,解析,3.(2015·江蘇卷改編)It might have saved me some trouble (I know)the schedule.,答案,解析,4.(2015·湖南卷改編)It is important to remember that success (be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often (take)years to achieve.,答案,解析,5.(2015·湖南卷改編)Always (keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.,答案,解析,一,二,三,四,五,一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本構(gòu)成為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+who/that+其他成分。一般來(lái)說(shuō),被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí),可用who或that;被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指物時(shí),用that。如: It was John who(that) wore his best suit to the dance last night. 是約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會(huì)。 It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night. 約翰昨晚穿著他最好的一套衣服去參加舞會(huì)的。,一,二,三,四,五,2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句形式為“Is/Was it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他成分”;特殊疑問(wèn)句形式為“Wh-疑問(wèn)詞+is/was it+that+其他成分”。 Was it in high school that you began playing basketball? 你是不是在高中的時(shí)候開(kāi)始打籃球的? Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back? 你回來(lái)之后把手機(jī)放在什么地方了? 3.not.until.結(jié)構(gòu)中的狀語(yǔ)成分在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí),not與until要放在一起。 It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him. 直到他把太陽(yáng)鏡摘下來(lái)我才將其認(rèn)了出來(lái)。,一,二,三,四,五,溫馨提示 注意:強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致:當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)一致,即人稱和數(shù)要一致。如: It is my mother who cooks every day. 每天煮飯的是我媽媽。 It is he who is wrong.是他錯(cuò)了。,一,二,三,四,五,二、全部倒裝 1.表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ),如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,on the wall,under the tree等置于句首,且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),此時(shí)要用全部倒裝。 There goes the bell.鈴響了。 On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. 山頂有棵松樹(shù)。 2.代詞such放在句首,且在句中做表語(yǔ)時(shí),此時(shí)要用全部倒裝。 Such are the facts;no one can deny them. 這些就是事實(shí);沒(méi)有人可以否認(rèn)。,一,二,三,四,五,3.為平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)或使上下文銜接緊密,常將做表語(yǔ)的形容詞、副詞、分詞或介詞短語(yǔ)提到句首,引起全部倒裝。 Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 坐在第一排的是一些資深工人。 注意:1.全部倒裝句中不用進(jìn)行時(shí),采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替進(jìn)行時(shí)。 Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming here.車來(lái)了。 2.當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞時(shí),即使有表示方位或時(shí)間的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首,句子也不再用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 Out he rushed.他沖了出去。,一,二,三,四,五,三、部分倒裝 1.only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句做狀語(yǔ)且放在句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。 Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用這種方法我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。 Only when one loses friendship does one know its value. 只有當(dāng)一個(gè)人失去友誼時(shí),他才知道友誼的價(jià)值。 2.否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition,in no way等置于句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。 Never before have I seen such a moving film.=I have never seen such a moving film before.以前我從未看過(guò)這么感人的電影。 By no means will I give up searching for my lost dog. 我絕不會(huì)放棄尋找我那只丟失的狗。,一,二,三,四,五,3.as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),要將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提到句首;though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),也可用正常語(yǔ)序。 Tired though/as he was,he kept on running. =Though he was tired,he kept on running. 盡管他很累,但還是繼續(xù)跑著。 4.倒裝句常見(jiàn)句型總結(jié),一,二,三,四,五,一,二,三,四,五,①So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。 ②Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的進(jìn)步以至于受到了表?yè)P(yáng)。 ③Hardly had I entered the lecture hall when I was surrounded by the students. 我剛一進(jìn)入報(bào)告廳就被同學(xué)們圍住了。,一,二,三,四,五,四、主謂一致 主謂一致即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語(yǔ)保持一致,主謂一致包括語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致三種原則。做題時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)境中的時(shí)態(tài)及其他語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。 (一)語(yǔ)法一致原則 只要確定句子的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若句子的主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Electric cars are more environmentally friendly than traditional cars. 電動(dòng)汽車比普通汽車更環(huán)保。,一,二,三,四,五,1.主語(yǔ)后跟由with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well as,in addition to,including,rather than等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和這些詞匯前面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。(因?yàn)閣ith等詞為介詞,其后跟的名詞只能是介詞賓語(yǔ),不可能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。) Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday. 格林先生和他的孩子們每個(gè)周日都去公園。 The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. 除那個(gè)男孩外,這些女孩也學(xué)會(huì)了說(shuō)日語(yǔ)。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“every/each/no+單數(shù)名詞+and+every/each/no+單數(shù)名詞,more than one+單數(shù)名詞,many a+單數(shù)名詞,one+單數(shù)名詞+and a half”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Every boy and every girl is having sports now. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都正在做運(yùn)動(dòng)。 Many a child was playing there. 許多孩子正在那邊玩耍。 More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生考試失利了。 One apple and a half was on the table. 桌子上有一個(gè)半蘋(píng)果。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)意義一致原則 1.當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時(shí),應(yīng)看作單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。但是,當(dāng)and 連接兩個(gè)形容詞去修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)形式的主語(yǔ)時(shí),其實(shí)是指兩種不同的事物,主語(yǔ)則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù),那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。 The writer and teacher Smith has gone through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney. 那位既是作家又是教師的史密斯自從搬到悉尼經(jīng)歷了無(wú)數(shù)的成敗。 War and peace is a constant theme in history. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平在歷史上是一個(gè)永恒的主題。 Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality. 中國(guó)絲綢和日本絲綢質(zhì)量都不錯(cuò)。,一,二,三,四,五,2.“a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意思是“許多……”,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義;“the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”意思是“……的數(shù)目”,表示單數(shù)概念。 “the population of.”意思是“……的人口數(shù)量”,做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,但如果是分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)(half of/the rest of the population)做主語(yǔ)時(shí),具體指其中的多少人,表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 “the average of.”意思是“……的平均數(shù)量”,做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard. 我們學(xué)校學(xué)生很多并且很多教師工作很努力。 The population of the country is large and most of the population are farmers. 那個(gè)國(guó)家的人口很多,大部分人口是農(nóng)民。,一,二,三,四,五,3.當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和名詞性從句做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 To see is to believe.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。 What he said is of great help to our work. 他說(shuō)的對(duì)我們的工作很有幫助。,一,二,三,四,五,(三)就近一致原則 1.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近的做主語(yǔ)的詞語(yǔ)保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有:or,not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等。 Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 要么是我要么是他們?yōu)檫@件事的結(jié)果負(fù)責(zé)。 Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress. 不友善的話語(yǔ)和不友好的態(tài)度都沒(méi)給我?guī)?lái)任何沮喪。 2.當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk. 桌子上有一支鋼筆,一把小刀和幾本書(shū)。 There are twenty boy students and twenty-three girl students in the class. 班里有二十個(gè)男同學(xué)和二十三個(gè)女同學(xué)。,一,二,三,四,五,五、省略句及其他 (一) 省略句 1.not,so的替代性省略 動(dòng)詞believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和I’m afraid后面可用替代詞so或not來(lái)避免重復(fù)前面提到的內(nèi)容。表示肯定意義時(shí),以上動(dòng)詞都可與so搭配;但表示否定意義時(shí),hope與guess只用I hope not和I guess not的形式,而think,believe,suppose等詞可有兩種形式,即:I think not和I don’t think so。如: —Do they mind you smoking there?——你在那兒吸煙,他們介意嗎? —I don’t think so/I think not.——我想不會(huì)。,一,二,三,四,五,2.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as,after,before等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,若謂語(yǔ)部分含有be 動(dòng)詞,而主語(yǔ)又和主句主語(yǔ)相同或主語(yǔ)是it時(shí),從句的主語(yǔ)和be 動(dòng)詞常被省略。 If (it is) possible,I want to travel to Australia with my family. 如果有可能,我想同家人一起去澳大利亞旅游。 You can’t be careful enough while (you are) crossing the street. 過(guò)馬路時(shí)你怎么小心都不為過(guò)。 Film has a much shorter history,especially when(it is) compared to such art forms as music and painting. 電影制作藝術(shù)的歷史要短得多,尤其是同音樂(lè)、繪畫(huà)之類的藝術(shù)形式比較的時(shí)候。,一,二,三,四,五,3.不定式的省略 ①通常情況下,只留下不定式符號(hào)to,常用于be afraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等詞之后。 He thought I hurt him intentionally,but I didn’t mean to. 他認(rèn)為我有意傷害他,可我并無(wú)此意。 ②如果不定式后有系動(dòng)詞be或助動(dòng)詞have時(shí),be 和have不能省略。 I don’t think Jim is lazy in his study,but he used to be. 我認(rèn)為吉姆在學(xué)習(xí)上并不懶惰,可他過(guò)去是很懶惰的。,一,二,三,四,五,(二)祈使句 祈使句的固定句式 1.祈使句+and+簡(jiǎn)單句 表示“如果……就……” 2.祈使句+or+簡(jiǎn)單句 表示“……否則……” Put it down,or else I’ll smack you. 把它放下來(lái),不然我會(huì)揍你。 Do that again and I’ll call a policeman. 你再那樣做我就要叫警察了。 注意:有時(shí)名詞短語(yǔ)可以看作是祈使句。 A few more minutes and I will finish the work. 再給我?guī)追昼娢揖蜁?huì)完成這項(xiàng)工作。,一,二,三,四,五,(三)感嘆句 感嘆句的固定句式 1.What a(n)+adj.+單數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)! What an interesting story it is!多么有趣的故事啊! What a day it is!多么快樂(lè)的(疲憊的/忙碌的……)一天啊! 2.What+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)! What beautiful butterflies they are!多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊! 3.How+形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)! How tall a boy he is!這個(gè)男孩真高啊! 4.How+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)! How well she plays!她演奏得多好啊!,一,二,三,四,五,(四)反意疑問(wèn)句 1.祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)部分用will you。 Don’t do that again,will you? 注意:Let’s 開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用“shall we?”; Let us 開(kāi)頭的祈使句,后用“will you?”。 Let’s go and listen to music,shall we? 咱們?nèi)ヂ?tīng)音樂(lè),好嗎? Let us wait for you in the reading room,will you? 我們?cè)陂営[室等你,好嗎?,一,二,三,四,五,2.主句主語(yǔ)為第一人稱,謂語(yǔ)是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,疑問(wèn)部分與賓語(yǔ)從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問(wèn)句。 I don’t think he is bright,is he? 我認(rèn)為他不太聰明,對(duì)嗎? We believe she can do it better,can’t she? 我們相信她能做得更好,不是嗎?,一,二,三,四,五,一、完成句子 1. (make) what you’re doing today important,because you’re trading a day of your life for it. 2.Was it because Jack came late for school Mr Smith got angry? 3.Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. 4.—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you? 5. (foolish) what the six blind men said sounded! 6.I don’t think David could have done such a stupid thing last night, ?,Make,that,and,didn’t,How foolish,did he,一,二,三,四,五,7.He had to sell his luxury car, his company was in debt. 8.Only after one has become a parent (realize) how great his parents are. 9.No sooner (the star/arrive)at the airport than she was surrounded by many reporters. 10.The door was opened and there (our English teacher/enter).,for,will he realize,had the star arrived,entered our English teacher,一,二,三,四,五,二、根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示,改寫(xiě)下列句子 1.Jack was my professor.He encouraged me to go on with my experiment.(改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句) → ,who was my professor, / encouraged me to go on with my experiment. 2.As soon as the professor arrived at our school,he was warmly welcomed.(改為倒裝句) → / had the professor arrived at our school, / he was warmly welcomed. 3.He was devoted to his study and cared little about his clothes.(改為省略句) → his study,he cared little about his clothes.,It was Jack,that,who,No sooner,Hardly,than,when,Devoted to,一,二,三,四,五,4.If you are not invited to speak,you should keep silent at the meeting.(用unless 改為省略句) → to speak,you should keep silent at the meeting. 5.He didn’t come here until yesterday afternoon.(改為強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句) → yesterday afternoon he came here.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) → yesterday afternoon here.(倒裝句),Unless invited,It was not until,that,Not until,did he come,一,二,三,四,五,三、單句改錯(cuò) 1.In front of our school is standing a tower on whose top we can have a clear view of the lake. 2.Knocking at the door before you enter the office,or you’ll be considered impolite. 3.What different life today is from what it was 20 years ago.,is standing→stands,Knocking→Knock,What→How,一,二,三,四,五,4.It was totally by chance when they discovered the entrance to the underground palace. 5.Generally speaking,when is taken according to the direction,the drug has few side effects.,when→that,去掉is/在is前加it,一,二,三,四,五,四、語(yǔ)法填空 It is reported that many middle school students are just not getting enough sleep,especially during the school week.The problem seems to get 1. (bad) as they get older.Year 7 students sleep 8.4 hours on a school night,and Year 9 students only 6.9 hours. It’s also reported that not getting enough sleep can cause 2. (problem) in a student’s life.Many students fall 3. (sleep) in school or while doing their homework,so it is not 4. (surprise) that they get lower grades than those who get enough sleep.Scientists suggest nine hours a night for middle school students.,worse,problems,asleep,surprising,一,二,三,四,五,Of the students who feel 5. (happy) and nervous,73% don’t get enough sleep at night. Why aren’t students getting enough sleep?Many students have one of the 6. (follow) things,like telephone,television,or computer in their bedrooms.Using them on a school night not 7. takes their time away from homework,but also makes 8. difficult for them to sleep.As a result,many students can’t sleep before 11 p.m.,yet they must get up early 9. (go) to school. Scientists also suggest students should not do exciting activities for an hour 10. bedtime.,unhappy,following,only,it,to go,before,一,二,三,四,五,五、短文改錯(cuò) I went back to her hometown with my parents during the National Day holidays.We spent three hours on the train after a bus took us to the small village. My grandparents were so glad to see us back home that they prepare a lot of delicious food.We had a big dinner with some relatives lived nearby.Later,my grandfather showed us around the village.To our great surprised,great changes have been taken place during the last few years.A lot of two-storeyed houses have been built but young trees have been planted.The remote village has taken a completely new look. It is clearly that the life of common people is getting better and better,that made us very pleased.,一,二,三,四,五,