4座微型客貨兩用車設(shè)計——后驅(qū)動橋、后懸設(shè)計

4座微型客貨兩用車設(shè)計——后驅(qū)動橋、后懸設(shè)計,微型,客貨兩用車,設(shè)計,驅(qū)動 車輛與動力工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書 4座微型客貨兩用車設(shè)計 （后驅(qū)動橋、后懸設(shè)計） 摘 要 本設(shè)計為4座微型客貨兩用車的后驅(qū)動橋、后懸架設(shè)計。參照現(xiàn)有的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平，綜合考慮生產(chǎn)成本，以及使用條件等多種因素, 經(jīng)過收集各類型的后驅(qū)動橋、懸架的資料、實車觀測和老師的指導(dǎo)，完成了本次設(shè)計。 本次設(shè)計確定采用整體式驅(qū)動橋。其主減速器為單級，采用準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪傳動，差速器采用普通對稱式圓錐齒輪對稱式圓差速器，全浮式半軸，整體鑄造式驅(qū)動橋殼。主減速器齒輪主要設(shè)計的是雙曲面齒輪的尺寸、校核及材料選擇；差速器主要計算的是對稱式圓錐齒輪的主要參數(shù)計算及校核；半軸設(shè)計主要是根據(jù)強(qiáng)度來確定半軸的半徑和半軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及材料與熱處理；驅(qū)動橋橋殼既是承載件又是傳動件，因此橋殼需要有足夠的強(qiáng)度和剛度。 后懸架采用鋼板彈簧式非獨(dú)立懸架，其需要計算的內(nèi)容比較廣泛，但也主要是集中在對彈性元件的計算上。計算包含了從滿載弧高，各鋼板彈簧片長度、厚度、寬度，到整個懸架系統(tǒng)的動、靜撓度值的確定。這是因為在懸架系統(tǒng)中，鋼板彈簧既是它的彈性元件又是它的導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)，是其最為重要的部件。 綜合各部分的設(shè)計與校核的結(jié)果，本次設(shè)計基本能滿足其設(shè)計要求。 關(guān)鍵詞：后驅(qū)動橋, 整體式，非獨(dú)立懸架，鋼板彈簧 THE DESIGNING FOR THE MINIATURE MOTORCAR TO CARRY PERSONS AND GOODS WITH 4 SEATS （THE DESIGN OF BACK DRIVING AXLE AND REAR SUSPENSION） ABSTRACT This design is for the back driving axle and back suspension of the miniature motorcar to carry persons and goods with 4 seats. According to the existing production technique level, synthesize the consideration production cost, and use the condition etc. various factor. In weeks , there was much useful information about the back driving axle and the rear suspension collected. With the helping of my teacher ,and observation on vehicle in laboratory , this designing is completed. This design assurance adopts the whole type to drive the bridge. Its lord decelerates the machine as single class, the adoption allows a curved face wheel gear to spread to move, differ soon the machine adopt the common and symmetry type cone wheel gear symmetry type circle differ soon machine, the whole float type half stalk, hurtle to cast the whole type to drive the bridge hull. The lord mainly decelerate the machine wheel gear what to design is a pair of pit and the material choice of size, school of curved faces wheel gear. Bad soon machine mainly what to compute is the main parameter calculation and school pits of the symmetry type cone wheel gear.The half stalk design is mainly the basis strength to certain structure design and material and hot processingses of the radius and half stalk of the half stalks. Drive the bridge bridge hull since is to load the piece and is to spread to move the piece, so the bridge hull needs to have the enough strength and just degree. The design of the rear suspension adopts unindependent suspension with steeel spring. It has more data computation.There are entire rate of rear suspension, heavy load arch high ,dynamic distortion quantity,the different length of different leaf brade, thickness and width of them.Those are indispensable data in suspension of a vehicle. The result of design and school pit of comprehensive each part, this time design basic can satisfy it designs the request. KEY WORDS：back driving axle， the whole type， unindependent suspension，steeel spring 目 錄 第一章 前言............. ...................... ........1 第二章 驅(qū)動橋結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計.................................2 §2.1驅(qū)動橋的組成與結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析......................2 §2.2 主減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)形式的分析和確定..................2 §2.2.1 主減速器傳動齒輪的類型......................2 §2.2.2 主減速器的減速形式..........................3 §2.3差速器的方案分析及確定......................... .3 §2.4半軸............................................3 §2. 5驅(qū)動橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析............................4 第三章 驅(qū)動橋尺寸計算 .................................5 §3.1主減速器的基本參數(shù)選擇與設(shè)計計算................5 §3.1.1主減速比的確定.............................5 §3.1.2主減速器齒輪計算載荷的確定.................. 5 §3.1.3主減速器齒輪基本參數(shù)的選擇.................. 6 §3.2差速器的基本參數(shù)選擇與設(shè)計計算.................17 §3.2.1差速器齒輪的基本參數(shù)的選擇................. 17 §3.2.2差速器齒輪的幾何尺寸設(shè)計計算............... 18 §3.3全浮式半軸的設(shè)計計算...........................20 §3.4驅(qū)動橋橋殼的設(shè)計計算...........................21 §3.4.1驅(qū)動橋殼結(jié)構(gòu)方案分析....................... 21 §3.4.2驅(qū)動橋殼強(qiáng)度計算........................... 22 第四章 驅(qū)動橋強(qiáng)度計算.................................28 §4.1主減速器準(zhǔn)雙曲面齒輪的強(qiáng)度校核.................28 §4.1.1單位齒長圓周力............................. 28 §4.1.2輪齒的彎曲強(qiáng)度計算 ........................29 §4.1.3輪齒的彎曲強(qiáng)度計算......................... 30 §4.2差速器齒輪的強(qiáng)度計算...........................30 §4.3半軸強(qiáng)度計算...................................31 §4.3.1半軸扭轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)力............................... 31 §4.3.2半軸的最大扭轉(zhuǎn)角........................... 31 第五章 軸承的壽命計算.................................33 §5.1主減速器主動錐齒輪支承軸承的計算...............33 §5.1.1主減速器主動齒輪上的當(dāng)量轉(zhuǎn)矩的計算....... 33 §5.1.2主從動錐齒輪齒面寬中點(diǎn)處的圓周力p的計算....33 §5.1.3雙曲面齒輪的軸向力與徑向力的計算........... 33 §5.1.4懸臂式支承主動錐齒輪的軸承徑向載荷的確定... 34 §5.1.5軸承壽命的計算............................. 35 §5.2從動齒輪支承軸承校核...........................36 §5.2.1單級主減速器從動齒輪支承軸承徑向載荷的確定. 36 §5.2.2軸承壽命計算............................... 36 第六章 后懸架結(jié)構(gòu)分析.................................38 §6.1懸架概述.......................................38 §6.2懸架結(jié)構(gòu)形式和布置的分析.......................38 第七章 后懸架參數(shù)確定和尺寸計算.......................40 §7.1總體布置及其基本參數(shù)...........................40 §7.2彈性元件的設(shè)計計算.............................40 §7.2.1鋼板彈簧的布置方案......................... 40 §7.2.2鋼板彈簧結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸參數(shù)計算................... 40 §7.3后懸架減振器的設(shè)計與計算....................... 47 §7.3.1選取相對阻尼系數(shù)..........................47 §7.3.2最大卸荷力的確定..........................47 §7.3.3減振器工作缸直徑D的確定....................47 第八章 結(jié) 論..........................................48 參考文獻(xiàn)...............................................49 致謝...................................................50 V