2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 單元知識匯總 Book 6 Unit 16 Stories 北師大版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語大一輪復習 單元知識匯總 Book 6 Unit 16 Stories 北師大版 重點識記詞匯 1.abandon vt.放棄，遺棄；n.放任，放縱 2e into view出現(xiàn) 3.knock sb.over撞倒某人 4.once upon a time從前 5.witness v.目擊；n.目擊者 6.occur vi.發(fā)生 7.block out封閉 8.tremble vi.顫抖，發(fā)抖 9.loss n.遺失，丟失 10.in a way從某種程度上說 11.on one’s side側身 12.sympathy n.同情 13.on the way to在去……的路上 14.pay rise增加工資 15.split up (使)解散；決裂 16.gather vi.&vt.聚集 17.sorrow n.悲傷，難過 18.burst vi.爆炸；闖，沖 19.specific adj.詳細的；特定的 20.hold up支撐起 21.significance n.重要性；意義 22.count on依靠 23.vivid adj.生動的，逼真的 24e across偶然遇見 25.discourage vt.使泄氣，使灰心 26.figure out理解，弄清楚 27.end up以……結束，以……告終 28.in particular特別，尤其 29.severe adj.嚴重的；嚴厲的 30.put up with容忍，忍受 31.stubborn adj.倔強的，固執(zhí)的 32.former adj.以前的 33.troublesome adj.引起麻煩的 34.now that既然 35.eager adj.渴望的，熱衷的 36.precious adj.寶貴的 37.gradual adj.逐漸的 38plex adj.復雜的 39.applaud vi.&vt.鼓掌 40.apparent adj.明顯的，顯而易見的 41.breakthrough n.突破，重大發(fā)現(xiàn) 42.tense adj.緊張的→tension n.緊張 43.name...after以……的名字給某人/某物命名 44.preserve vt.保護，保存→preservation n.保護；保養(yǎng) 45.particularly adv.特別地；特定地→particular adj.特別的 46.abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的→normal adj.正常的 47.admirable adj.令人欽佩的→admire vt.欽佩 48.unbearable adj.不能忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的→bear vi.容忍，忍受 49.restriction n.限制，約束→restrict vt.限制，限定 50.expand v.擴大，擴充→expansion n.擴張 必背經(jīng)典句式 1.Another man，lying on his side，looks as if he is trying to get up. 躺在他旁邊的另一個人看上去好像在試圖站立起來。 2.Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. 既然海倫理解了語言之謎，她非常渴望學習更多的詞語并且盡可能多地使用它們。 3.It was the first time Helen had understood such a plex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch. 這是海倫第一次理解這么復雜的單詞——一個代表她觸碰不到的東西的單詞。 4.Uncertain about how to fix them，she stopped to think carefully. 不能確定如何修理它們，她停下來仔細思考。 構詞記憶 　difficulty /′dIfIk?ltI/n.1.[U]困難；艱難　2.[C]難點；難事；難題 disability /?dIs?′bIl?tI/n.[C]&[U]無能；傷殘 discovery /dIs′k?v?rI/n.[U]&[C]發(fā)現(xiàn)；被發(fā)現(xiàn)的事物 electricity /?Ilek′trIs?tI/n.[U]電；電學；電流；電力供應 equality /i?′kw?l?tI/n.[U]相等；相同；平等 majority /m?′d??r?tI/n.[U]多數(shù)；大多數(shù) Ⅰ.詞匯與派生 A．語境填詞 1．We’ll gather(集合) at the Students’ Club at 8 pm this Friday，after the evening classes. 2．The girl in the shop is always eager(熱心的) to please every customer. 3．The day witnessed(見證了) the successful launch of Tiangong1，that is，China’s development in lunar exploration program. 4．The policy guarantees us against all loss(損失)． 5．I don’t want such a thing to occur(發(fā)生) again. 6．She was discouraged(泄氣) in her marriage. 7．We attached no significance(意義) to his statement. 8．It was a breakthrough(突破) for me. 9．The broken car was abandoned(遺棄) by the riverside. 10．As we know，time is more precious(寶貴的) than anything else in the world. B．用所給詞的適當形式填空 11．The society was set up to preserve (preservation) endangered species from extinction. 12．Her temperature soon returned to normal (abnormal)． 13．As far as I know，you are enthusiastic about Chinese traditional culture，particularly (particular) Chinese opera. 14．The roof will not bear (unbearable) the strain of its weight. 15．But we continue to trust in such solutions because，well，they relieve the tension (tense)． Ⅱ.短語運用 A．用方框內(nèi)所給動詞短語的適當形式填空 name after，knock over，e across，refer to，put up with，count on，figure out，hold up，end up，go wrong 16.If she could put up with the conditions there，we could take her. 17．Every time they went dancing they ended up in a bad mood. 18．When I said someone was foolish，I wasn’t referring to you. 19．I came across an old photo while tidying up my study，which reminded me of my happy childhood. 20．They were held up by the heavy fog，so they were late. 21．After a broken promise，it is hard for people to count on you. 22．A boy was knocked over by a passing car but fortunately he was not hurt severely. 23．We can’t figure out why quite a number of insects，birds，and animals are dying out. 24．The aircraft carrier was named after a famous general. 25．When things go wrong，you mustn’t quit. B．用方框內(nèi)所給短語的適當形式填空 in particular，in a way，once upon a time，instead of，on one’s side，on the way to，now that 26.The baby was lying on his side watching his mother. 27．I’ll look after grandma instead of mum tonight. 28．The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. 29．I never miss breakfast，so I either eat at home or eat on the way to school. 30．Now that you put your hand to the work，you should do your utmost to finish it. 31．In away，it is nice to be working alone. 32．Once upon a time there was a poor old fisherman. Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句式 33．We needn’t have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner. 既然蘇西不和我們一起吃晚飯，我們本不必買這么多食物的。 34．It is the first time that he has been praised by his teachers. 這是他第一次受到老師們的表揚。 35．The woman loves the children deeply as if she were their mother. 這個女人深愛著孩子，就好像是他們的媽媽一樣。 36．Tired and hot，we had to have a break. 又累又熱，我們不得不休息一下。 1 abandon v.放棄(stop doing)；遺棄，拋棄(leave)；沉湎于；n.放任；放縱(an uncontrolled way of behaving) [應試指導]　(1)后跟動名詞　(2)過去分詞作定語的考查 abandon oneself to...縱情；沉溺于…… abandon sth.to sb.把某事遺棄給某人 abandon doing...放棄做…… with abandon放縱地；盡情地 an abandoned child棄兒 The authorities have abandoned any attempt to distribute food. 當局中止了分發(fā)食物的嘗試。 We are scared to abandon ourselves to our feelings in case we seem weak or out of control. 我們不敢放縱自己的情感，以免顯得太過軟弱或缺乏自制。 [夯實基礎] (1)語法填空 ①Soon they reached an abandoned(abandon) building，where there once lived an old monk. ②My doctor advised me to abandon smoking(smoke). (2)He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn’t pass the exam. ①Abandoning himself to the Internet games，he didn’t pass the exam.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) ②Abandoned to the Internet games，he didn’t pass the exam.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) 2 preserve...from...保護……免受…… be well preserved保存得很好 in good preservation處于良好的保存狀態(tài) We will do everything to preserve peace. 我們會盡全力維護和平。 Pantanal is one of the world’s great wildlife preserves. 潘塔納爾是世界上最大的野生動物保護區(qū)之一。 [夯實基礎] (1)I think these traditional customs should be preserved(應該受到保護). (2)No one could preserve him from(保護他免受) such a fate.He deserved that. (3)—The town is so beautiful！I just love it. —Me too.The character of the town is well preserved.(保存得很完好) 3 witness v.當場看到，目擊；見證(see sth.happen)；為……的證據(jù)；n.目擊者；證人(a person who sees sth.happen)；證據(jù)(evidence) [應試指導]　無生命名詞作主語時的寫作詞匯 a witness to...……的證人(證據(jù)) bear/give witness to/against為……作證；證明 (a) witness for作證，為……辯護 witness to doing...為……作證；出庭證明；證實 No witnesses have e forward. 沒有目擊證人站出來。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)He witnessed to having seen(see) the man enter the room. (2)His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment. (3)The past ten years has witnessed(witness) a boom in economy in my hometown，as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before. 4 [多詞一義]　occur，happen，e about，take place sth.occurs to sb.某人突然想起……；某人發(fā)生某事 It occurs to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想起…… Didn’t it occur to you that he was lying? 你當時沒想到他在撒謊嗎？ The crash occurred only minutes after the plane took off. 空難在飛機起飛幾分鐘后就發(fā)生了。 [思考題]　表示“某人想起……”的短語還有：sth.strike/hit sb.，sb.hit/strike on sth.，sthe to sb.等。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)An idea occurred to me. (2)An idea came to/into my mind. (3)I hit/struck on an idea. (4)It suddenly occurred to me that I hadn’t locked my door. 5 at a loss不知所措，困惑 be lost in陷入…… lose v.丟失；損失，喪失 lose face丟臉,lose weight減肥 He was at a loss what to do.他對做什么不知所措。 He is afraid of making mistakes and losing face in public. 他害怕出錯在公眾面前丟臉。 [夯實基礎] 用lose的適當形式填空 (1)Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing...but we seem to be losing the art of municating face to face. (2)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words. (3)Listening to loud music at rock concerts has caused hearing loss in some teenagers. (4)He enjoyed his music，lost in happiness. 6 burst v.爆炸；爆裂(to break apart)；脹開(to break open)；沖，闖；突然出現(xiàn)(appear suddenly)；n.突發(fā)；爆破；爆裂 burst (break) into＋n. 突然爆發(fā)；闖入 burst (break) out doing...突然開始做…… burst in突然沖入 burst forth迸發(fā) Last night the room was burst into but nothing was taken away. 昨晚有人闖入房間但沒有帶走任何東西。 [圖解助記] [夯實基礎] Hearing the news，John burst into tears. Hearing the news，John burst out crying.(用v.ing形式改寫句子) 7 [應試指導]　作為高級詞匯替換importance be of great significance＝be very significant非常重要 be of no significance無意義/不重要 the significance of...……的重要性/含義 significantly adv.有重大意義地；意味深長地. Few people realized the significance of the discovery. 很少有人意識到這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性。 He smiled significantly at his students. 他意味深長地對他的學生笑了。 [夯實基礎] Innovation in car design is very significant. Innovation in car design is of great significance.(用“be＋of＋名詞”結構改寫句子) 8 [多詞一義]　discourage sb.from doing...，prevent sb.from doing...，keep sb.from doing...，stop sb.from doing... discourage sb.from doing sth.勸/阻止/不鼓勵某人做某事 discouraged adj.泄氣的，沮喪的，灰心喪氣的 discouraging adj.令人泄氣的，令人沮喪的 discouragement n.勸阻；泄氣，使人泄氣的事，挫折，氣餒 encourage v.(反義詞)鼓勵；激勵；促進 encourage sb.to do...鼓勵某人做…… encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的 encouragement n.鼓舞；鼓勵 courage n.勇氣 I knew that nothing would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director. 我知道沒有什么會使他灰心，他永遠也不會放棄想成為一名導演的愿望。(湖南，24) [夯實基礎] (1)用discourage的適當形式填空 ①If you meet with any difficulty in your study，don’t be discouraged. ②The examination result is discouraging. ③Let’s start a campaign to discourage smoking among the teenagers! (2)He was discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt and decided to give it up. Discouraged by the unsuccessful attempt，he decided to give it up.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子) 9 be eager to do...渴望做…… be eager for...急于得到…… be eager that...熱切地希望…… only too eager to do...過于迫切地想做…… Robert was eager to talk about the life in the army. 羅伯特很想談談他的陸軍生活。 She is so eager for success. 她太渴望成功了。 [特別提醒] (1)表達“急切/盼望(做)……”的短語還有：be anxious for/to do...，long for，be greedy for，be hungry for，be dying for/to do...，be thirsty for，be keen on/to do...等。 (2)too eager to do...急于做某事……，而非“太著急而不能做……”。 [詞義辨析]　anxious，eager anxious是“渴望的，急于”的意思，側重于對結果感到不安。 eager也是“渴望的，急于”的意思，指對成功的期望或?qū)ψ瞿呈碌目释? [夯實基礎] (1)用eager，anxious填空 ①He is still absent，so I am quite anxious about his health. ②She is eager for her parents’ approval. (2)He was eager to see the film，so he finished dinner quickly and hurried off. Eager to see the film，he finished dinner quickly and hurried off.(用形容詞短語作狀語改寫句子) 1 in a way有幾分；從某種意義上講，從某方面來說；在某種程度上(to some extent；up to a certain point) [應試指導]　(1)way前面冠詞的使用　(2)in no way置于句首的倒裝 all the way一路上；完全地 by way of經(jīng)由；途經(jīng) in the way擋路 on the way在路上 in no way絕不(置于句首句子用倒裝) in this way用這種方法 In this way，I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overe problems all by myself. 用這種方法，我不但解決了問題而且提高了獨立克服困難的能力。(安徽書面表達) [夯實基礎] (1)用way的相關短語填空 ①We can allow such a thing to continue in no way. ②You will soon receive the parcel for it is on the way. ③You can solve this problem only in this way. (2)按照要求改寫句子 ①In no way can we allow such a thing to continue.(將上題句①變?yōu)榈寡b句) ②Only in this way can you solve this problem.(將上題句③變?yōu)榈寡b句) 2 [應試指導]　hold短語語境詞義辨析 hold back阻擋；抑制；克制；控制 hold on to抓住；保留 hold out伸出；維持；給予希望；使有可能 hold on(電話用語)別掛斷，等一下；堅持；緊緊抓住 hold down控制；保持 The moment you think about giving up，think of the reason why you hold on so long. 每當你想放棄的時候，想一想你堅持這么久的原因。 What else held back stocks yesterday? 還有哪些因素抑制了昨日股市的表現(xiàn)？ [夯實基礎] 用hold短語的適當形式填空 (1)The roof is held up by wood. (2)Doctors hold out little hope of her recovering. (3)The government took a series of measures to hold down prices. 3 count on/upon (＝depend/rely on/upon)依賴，依靠 [多詞一義]　(1)count，consider，regard，judge，matter (2)count on，depend on，rely on count vi.認為，算作；重要；vt.數(shù)數(shù)；包括 count...in把……包括在內(nèi) count...out不包括 count sb./sth.as/to be...認為某人/物…… count up (＝add up)把……加起來 Few people can count on having a job for life. 幾乎沒有人能指望一輩子都干一個工作。 If you are going out tonight you’ll have to count me out. 假如你們今晚要出去，就別把我算在內(nèi)。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)I’m counting on you to help me. (2)I hear you’re organizing a trip to the game next week？Count me in! (3)Will you please count up these figures for me? 4 [應試指導]　作為高級詞匯替換understand [多詞一義]　figure out，work out，settle，solve figure n.數(shù)字；身材；體形；人物；v.計算；認為 keep one’s figure保持體形 I can’t figure out why he quit his job. 我琢磨不透他為什么要辭掉工作。 Don’t worry we’ll figure something out. 別擔心，我們會找到辦法解決的。 [夯實基礎] (1)寫出下列句子中figure的漢語意思 ①She has a good figure.身材 ②By xx，this figure had risen to 14 million.數(shù)字 ③Chairman Mao is an important political figure.人物 (2)語法填空 ①Figuring(figure) that he is sure to e，we have been waiting for him. ②Having figured(figure) out the final total number，they were satisfied with the result. 5 end up(多指出乎意料地)最終處于，(以……)告終(in sth.)；最終(成為……)(as sth.)；最終(做……)(doing)；以……結尾(with sth.)；結果為…… [多詞一義]　end up with，end up in，finish，acplish，plete bring/put...to an end使……終止 on end豎著，直立著；連續(xù)地 make ends meet使收支相抵 e to an end結束 at an end結束；終止 After a luxurious life，he ended up in poverty. 他過了一段奢侈的生活后，最終變得窮困潦倒。 [夯實基礎] (1)We were planning to go out，but ended up watching a football game at home (在家看足球賽). (2)The young couple seemed very happy，but they ended up getting divorced/in divorce (離婚). 6 [應試指導]　put短語的語境詞義辨析 put forward提出 put through給……接通電話(to sb.)；做完，完成；使經(jīng)受(痛苦) put aside把……擱一邊；積蓄 put away收起；存錢；把……放回原處 put in投入；安裝；插話 as sb.puts it按照某人的說法 How do you put up with that woman? 你怎么能受得了那個女人？ She has a few thousand dollars put away for her retirement. 她為退休生活積攢了幾千元錢。 [夯實基礎] 用put短語的適當形式填空 (1)He has put forward new peace proposals. (2)We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in mon. (3)Hello.Could you please put me through to Mr.Brown? 1 Now that Helen understood the key to language，she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.既然海倫理解了語言之謎，她非常渴望學習更多的詞語并且盡可能多地使用它們。 now that既然，由于，是連詞詞組，引導原因狀語從句，表示明顯的原因或既成的事實?？谡Z中that?？墒÷浴? 其他表示原因的連詞或介詞： because因為(語氣較重，常用于回答why的疑問) since因為；既然(可與now that互換) as因為(語氣較弱) for因為(并列連詞，引導一個分句，不能置于句首，表示進一步補充說明) due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等 Now that the children know，we can tell everyone else. 既然孩子們知道了，我們就可以告訴其他人了。 [夯實基礎] 語法填空 (1)Now that/Since you’re here，why not have a drink? (2)Since it is late I shall go home now. (3)The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too large. (4)It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet. 2 Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.她的話使我感到非常困惑，因為那時我若不用手觸摸就什么都不理解。 (1)unless除非；如果不，引導一個肯定的條件狀語從句，從句有時可與if...not引導的否定狀語從句互換。 (2)unless引導的條件狀語從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，主句多用一般將來時。 (3)在unless引導的條件狀語從句中，主語和部分謂語有時可以省略。 Unless you are trying to lose weight to please yourself，it’s going to be hard to keep your motivation level high. 除非減肥是為了悅己，否則很難保持積極性。 [夯實基礎] (1)I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop. I want you to keep working if I don’t tell you to stop.(用if從句改寫句子) (2)要是不能額外弄一些錢，劇院將要關閉。(翻譯句子) Unless some extra money is found，the theatre will close. 3 單元語法 ——語法填空 (1)There was nothing left of the town.The earthquake of the previous year had destroyed(destroy) it pletely. (2)We were late.When we arrived，the show had started(start). (3)When the guard had inspected(inspect) the bag，he handed(hand) it back to Mark. (4)My bike is broken.I’ll have it repaired(repair). (5)I’ll try my best to get my work finished(finish) as soon as possible. 高考題組 Ⅰ.短文改錯(xx新課標全國Ⅱ) The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.It is said to have started in the early 1800’s.Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.This custom soon bees another meal of day.Interesting，it had a connection by the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry. 答案 The book I’m reading of talks about afternoon tea in Britain.It is said to have started in the early 1800’s. tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner， might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.This custom soon another meal of day.，it had a connection the British porcelain(瓷器) industry.Tea in China was traditionally from cups without handles.When tea got popular in Britain，there was a crying need for good with handles to suit British habits.This made for the in the porcelain industry. Ⅱ.寫作常用句翻譯 1.聽到這里，全班同學大笑起來，我同桌的臉變紅了。(burst)(xx湖北短文寫作) Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter/out laughing and my deskmate’s face turned red. 2.為了鼓勵學生進行戶外鍛煉，學校組織在4月10日爬山。(encourage)(xx江西書面表達) In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10. 3.林肯被認為是世界上最鼓舞人心的人物之一。(figure)(xx浙江書面表達) Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring figures in the world. 模擬題組 Ⅰ.語法填空 1.You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work. 2.Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to. 3.Peter had intended to take a job in business，but abandoned (abandon) that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx. 4.It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. 5.—Peter，where did you guys go for the summer vacation? —We had been (be) busy with our work for months，so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. 6.—My father is coughing heavily. —You’d better discourage him from smoking (smoke).It’s bad for his health. 7.We are encouraged to make (make) good use of our farmland. 8.Now that you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it. 9.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done (do) for me. 10.The past ten years has witnessed (witness) a boom in economy in my hometown，as a result of which people here are enjoying a far better life than before. Ⅱ.單句改錯 1.Having abandoned to the puter games，he became hopeless.abandoned后加上himself 2.He witnessed to have seen the man take away the book.have→having 3.How did this occur to him that he got lost on his way back home？this→it 4.At that time he was really at loss for words.loss前加上a 5.Discouraging pletely，he decided to give it up.Discouraging→Discouraged 6.He rushed back to the classroom，eagerly to know the result.eagerly→eager 7.Of the two，I prefer a former one.a→the 8.This war has caused widespread human suffered.suffered→suffering 9.Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years，particular among young people.particular→particularly 10.One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away while my daughter heard cries for help.while→when Ⅲ.寫作句式升級訓練 1.We can’t imagine the future life without phones.(素材來源于xx重慶寫作一) We can’t imagine what life would be like if there weren’t phones.(用what從句及if虛擬句改寫句子) 2.We all know the saying that a life without a friend is a life without sun.(素材來源于xx重慶寫作一) As the saying goes，“A life without a friend is a life without sun.”(用as引導的非限制性定語從句改寫句子) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A With more than 10,000 plants，the 68ft “l(fā)iving wall” near Victoria station will collect rainwater which falls onto the roof of the building and use it to nourish the plants.The result will be an eyecatching garden which brightens up the popular tourist route，near the Rubens at the Palace Hotel，and stops it from flooding. Containing more than 20 seasonal plant species，the wall required 16 tons of soil and will be capable of storing up to 10,000 litres of water.The project，backed by London Mayor Boris Johnson，was launched with the aim of dealing with a key environmental challenge in London. According to the Environment Agency，there are around 534,000 properties in London on the Thames flood plain and one in four are at risk of flooding.This is partly due to the low absorbency of urban surfaces. Matthew Pencharz，the Mayor’s Advisor for Environment and Energy，said，“London has plenty of trees，parks，gardens and in