高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)攻 主謂一致課件.ppt

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主謂一致,知識(shí)梳理,復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)1.主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近一致。2.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)一、主謂一致的原則主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。一般遵循下列原則：,1.語(yǔ)法一致原則：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.意義一致原則：謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)的意義。有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式；有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。3.就近一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致。,二、主謂一致的具體應(yīng)用1.名詞作主語(yǔ)★集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，如果表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類名詞有：army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population等。有些集合名詞如cattle,people,police等，通?？醋鲝?fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Theteamisthebestintheleague.,★單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)形式，常見的這類名詞有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works（工廠）等。如：Therearetensheeponthefarm,butthereareonlyfourgoats.★表示單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞，如：學(xué)科（maths，physics等）、機(jī)構(gòu)、書名、劇名等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：Mathsisoneofthemostimportantcoursesintheseniorschool.TheTimesisBritain’soldestnationaldaily.,★表示成雙成對(duì)的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，這類名詞有：trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有apairof,akindof等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：Apairoftrousersisonthebed.★當(dāng)名詞短語(yǔ)中心詞為表示距離、金額、時(shí)間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Fourthousanddollarsismorethanshecanafford.,★“the+形容詞或過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有wounded,rich,unemployed,blind等。如：Theunemployedleadamiserablelife.★如果主語(yǔ)由morethanone...或manya...構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式；在“morethan+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Manyaplaywrightissatisfiedwiththeplay.Morethanonepersonhasbeenconcernedinthis.,2.代詞作主語(yǔ)★由代詞each,everyone,noone,either,neither,another以及合成代詞something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)。如：Eachbookwasinitsproperplace.★關(guān)系代詞who，that，which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中的先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：,Heisoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.★all,most,none,some等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所代替的內(nèi)容來(lái)定。如：Mostofhissparetimewasspentinreading.Allofmyclassmatesworkhard.,3.由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)★用and或both...and...連接并列主語(yǔ)，如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)and后面的可數(shù)名詞不帶冠詞。如：Boththesecretaryandthemanagerhaveagreedtobepresent.Lawandordermeansdifferentthingstopeoplewithdifferentpoliticalopinions.,★當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，如用with,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto與修飾語(yǔ)連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Themissingthings,aswellasthebag,havebeenfoundandreturnedtotheowner.★由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與鄰近的主語(yǔ)相一致。如：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteachergoestotheexhibition.,4.數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)。如：Onlyonethirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.Thirdsfourthofthestudentscometoschoolontime.,5.從句及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)★名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。但如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的從句由and連接表示兩個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。另外，what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由其表示的意義來(lái)決定。如：Whetherwegocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.Whatcausedthesnowslideandhowmanytouristsareinjuredarestillunknown.,Whatyouwantisabigbag.Youneednotgetanymorestamps.Whatwehavearequitesufficient.★動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：Smoking/Tosmokeisabadhabit.常見考點(diǎn)高考試題對(duì)主謂一致的考查重點(diǎn)是：名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1.Allweneed_____asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.areB.wasC.isD.were,C,2.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents_____around$8,450ayear,which_____aburdenforsomeofthem.A.are；isB.are；areC.is；areD.is；is,A,3.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_____toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited4.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_____essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were,B,A,5.Amongthecrisesthatfacehumans_____thelackofnaturalresources.A.isB.areC.isthereD.arethere,A,鞏固練習(xí),用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1.SofarDavid’stheonlyoneofuswho________(go)abroad.2.SuchsingersasLiuHuan________(be)widelypopular,ofwhosesongs,however,some________(be)difficulttosing.3.Manyafamouspopstar_________________________(perform)intheconcerttonight,soI’mlookingforwardtoitverymuch.,hasgone,are,are,isperforming/willperform,4.—Iseveryonehere?—Notyet...Look,there________(come)therestofourcolleagues!5.Thechiefeditortogetherwithhiseditors________(be)discussingthenewlawaboutnewspapersthat________(be)newlypublishedlastmonth.6.Themanageranddesigner________(be)togivesomesuggestionsforthedesignofthenewbuildinginawhile.,come,is,was,is,7.I,who________(be)yourdeskmatenow,hopewecanhelpeachotherwithourstudies.8.Whentohavethenextmeetingandwhethertoinvitethedirectorstill________(remain)amysterytous.9.Nobodybutdoctorsornursesandthosewho________(be)invitedbyDoctorLiu________(be)allowedtoenterthepatient’sroom.,am,remain(s),are,is,10.Toourdisappointment,everypossiblemeans____________(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.,hasbeenused,