2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 動詞的時(shí)態(tài).doc

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2019-2020年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 動詞的時(shí)態(tài) 《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和《高考大綱》規(guī)定：時(shí)態(tài)是教與學(xué)的難點(diǎn)，高考的必考點(diǎn)。 一、時(shí)態(tài)：時(shí)間決定動詞的形式叫作時(shí)態(tài)。高考要考十種時(shí)態(tài)。它們是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 最后沖刺階段要在時(shí)態(tài)中習(xí)得舉一反三的能力。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)都是兩兩相通的，知其一便得其二，如此就學(xué)會英語中常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)。而其他由時(shí)態(tài)兩兩結(jié)合而形成的時(shí)態(tài)就不是難題。 【高考連接】 【xx天津】12. The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer. A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel 【答案】A 【xx重慶】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ________.We must act immediately before there’s none left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 【答案】B 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) = 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) = 過去完成時(shí) + 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，等等。面對難點(diǎn)，考生們關(guān)鍵是要掌握觸類旁通和歸納能力。 【高考連接】 【xx全國卷II】⒙ The manager ________ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told 【答案】C 【xx安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 【答案】D 一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1．表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制） The sun rises in the east. 太陽從東方升起。 2. 表示現(xiàn)狀、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動作，且常與usually，always，every day, twice a week, seldom, sometimes等表頻率的時(shí)間狀語連用。 ①John sometimes sits up very late. 約翰有時(shí)很晚才睡。 ②We always care for each other and help each other. 我們經(jīng)?；突ブ?。 3．表示知覺、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等。 ①I know what you mean. 我明白你的意思。 ②Smith owns a car and a house. Smith有車和房子。 4. 如果主句是一般將來時(shí)，那么時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。 ①If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.如果明天下雨，我將不去那兒。 【真題在線】 ①Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. （xx?安徽卷?33） A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept 【解析】選A。考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。句意為：沃爾瑪是美國最大的連鎖超市之一，它的一些商店從周一至周六二十四小時(shí)營業(yè)。keep在此處意為“使，使得”。根據(jù)句意可知，此句是表示一般客觀情況，應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；由于主語是Walmart，謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，故選擇A項(xiàng)。 ②“Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step .” （xx?全國卷I? 23） A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed 【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)Life is like walking in the snow可知，后半句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。所以選C。句意：祖母過去經(jīng)常說：“人生就像在雪地里行走，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉寄茱@現(xiàn)出來”。 二、 一般過去時(shí) 1.表示過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或表示在過去某個時(shí)間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。（往往暗示現(xiàn)在“己不再這樣”。）它一般與yesterday，just now，last week，ago等時(shí)間狀語連用；也可與由when等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句一起使用（或有上下文語境暗示）； ①She went to the cinema last night with her boyfriend. 昨晚她和她的男友一起去看電影。 ②When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there． 當(dāng)我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)，經(jīng)常去拜訪那里的老朋友。 2．表示事先不知道或不記得，但現(xiàn)在已知道或記得的事情。 Sorry，I didn’t know you were here．不好意思，我不知道你在這。（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)知道） 【真題在線】 ①—kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong? —Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result. （xx，重慶，22） A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 【解析】選B?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：——Kevin，你看起很著急。有什么事嗎？——嗯，我剛剛參加了一場考試，現(xiàn)在正在等結(jié)果。由句意“我現(xiàn)在正在等結(jié)果”可知，參加考試是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。will take是一般將來時(shí)；took是一般過去時(shí)；had taken 是過去完成時(shí)，表示的是發(fā)生在過去某個動作之前的動作；take是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選B。 ②After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project. （xx?山東卷? 28） A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 【解析】選C。考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：杰克發(fā)送了一些電子郵件后，開始從事于他的方案。After引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，意為在…之后，從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前。在本題中，從句用了過去完成時(shí)，因此主句中發(fā)生的動作應(yīng)該在過去完成時(shí)之后，故用一般過去時(shí)，故選C。 三、 一般將來時(shí) 1．“will do”表示從現(xiàn)在來看以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，指事物的固有屬性或 必然趨勢。 Fish will die without water. 沒有水魚將會死。 2．“be going to+動詞原形”多用于口語中，表示“打算或計(jì)劃要做某事”。此外，還可以 表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象，對未來進(jìn)行推斷。 They are going to meet outside the school gate.他們打算在校門口見面。 3．“be about to+動詞原形”表示“即將……”，因此，它不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或時(shí)間狀語 連用。 The English evening is about to start．英語晚會即將開始。 4．“be to+動詞原形”表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作”，還可以表示“吩咐、命令、禁止等”。 There’s to be a slide show this afternoon. 今天下午要放幻燈片。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.到10點(diǎn)你得交上試卷。 5．有些動詞例如：go，e，begin，leave，arrive．return，take等，其一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在 進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。 I’m leaving for Tibet on Sunday. 星期天我要去西藏。 【真題在線】 ①By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold. （xx?北京?22） A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting 【解析】選C。考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：到你讀完這本書的時(shí)候，你的飯菜就會涼了。by the time引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句，從句中用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說明主從句的動作是發(fā)生在將來的動作，主句應(yīng)用將來時(shí)。 ②Close the door of fear behind you, and you ____ the door of faith open before you.（xx?湖南卷? 25） A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 【解析】 選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：關(guān)上通往恐懼的門之后，你會很快地看到通往信心的大 門。本句考查固定句式：do sth. and you will “做某事，就會…”。C項(xiàng)一般將來時(shí)；符合題意。A項(xiàng)為一般過去時(shí)；B項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)； D項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 四、過去將來時(shí) 過去將來時(shí)一般由 "助動詞would(第二、三人稱)/should(第一人稱)+動詞原形"構(gòu)成。 1、表示對過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)而言將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語從句中。 I thought they would e to help me.我認(rèn)為他們會來幫我的。 He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他說他要在車站等我們。 2、表示過去的某種習(xí)慣行為 He would sit for hours doing nothing.過去他常常坐幾個鐘頭什么事也不做。 He would e to see us on Sundays.過去星期天他經(jīng)常來看望我們。 3、過去將來時(shí)的其它表達(dá)法 （1）was/were going to ①表示過去的打算和意圖 He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期開始工作。（打算） ②表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算和意圖 He was going to e last night, but it rained.他打算昨晚來，但下雨了。(沒實(shí)現(xiàn)) I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想這部電影會很有趣的。（結(jié)果不是） （4）表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞 (如go，e，leave，start等)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示按照過去的計(jì)劃安排將在過去將來發(fā)生的事情。 I didnt know you were ing.我不知道你會來。 【真題在線】 The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.（xx?山東卷? 34） A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 【解析】選D?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：聽說兩個他信任的工人要離開，經(jīng)理很憂慮。leave意為“離開”，是表示趨向的動詞，用在將來時(shí)中時(shí)要用be leaving來表示，一般不用will/would leave；根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)可知用過去將來時(shí)，故選D。 注意，下列動詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)： 感覺類：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear等； 情感類：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear等； 思想類：wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, know等； 其他類：have, contain, win, hold, belong to等。 【真題在線】 ①“The moment _______ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. （xx?湖南卷? 27） A. came B. has e C. was ing D. is ing 【解析】 選D。考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：“這一刻就要來到了，”他自思自忖到，焦急地等待著。由句中的soon及選項(xiàng)可知本題考查進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來。且謂語動詞e用于直接引語中，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。D項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，符合題意。A項(xiàng)為一般過去時(shí)；B項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；C項(xiàng)為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)； ②That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who __ the piano upstairs?（2011，重慶卷，21） A. has played B．played C．plays D. is playing 【解析】選D。句意：那首音樂聽起來十分熟悉。誰在樓上彈鋼琴？考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，本句說的是現(xiàn)在的事情且動作尚未完成，故用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選D項(xiàng)。 六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1．表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動 作，由“was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。 She was watching TV at six yesterday evening. 昨晚六點(diǎn)她正在看電視。 He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 昨天他一整天都在準(zhǔn)備他的演講。 2．表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行。 He was reading a novel when I came in. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他正在看小說。 3．表示過去計(jì)劃好或安排好的將來動作（只限于e, go, leave, arrive, start, move, sail, fly, travel，stay等）。 He said she was arriving the next day. 他說她將第二天到達(dá)。 4．與always, forever, constantly, continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。 rade Lei Feng was always thinking of others. He never thought of himself first. 雷鋒同志總是先想著他人，而不是自己。 七、將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來某一段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動作，常與this time tomorrow，at three o’clock tomorrow morning等時(shí)間狀語連用，一般由will/shall+ be+ doing構(gòu)成。 I’ll be visiting Professor Wang at two this afternoon.今天下午兩點(diǎn)我將拜訪王教授。 【真題在線】 —Can 1 call you back at two oclock this afternoon? —Im sorry, but by then I_______ to Beijing. How about five? （xx?陜西卷? 24） A. fly B. will fly C will be flying D. am flying 【解析】 選C。考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：——今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘我給你回電話好嗎？ ——不好意思，兩點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我正在飛往北京的路上，五點(diǎn)鐘怎么樣？。 根據(jù)語境可知第二個人說：在今天下午兩點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候，將正在….,，表達(dá)在將來的某個時(shí)間正在做….，要用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)：will be doing ,所以C項(xiàng)符合題意。 八、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1. 表示說話之前已完成了的動作，并且表示過去發(fā)生的動作或事情對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，著眼點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在。常與不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如yet，just, before, recently, once, lately等 。 ①He has been to Beijing before.他以前去過北京。（現(xiàn)在已回來了） He has gone to Beijing.他去了北京。（說話時(shí)有可能到了北京，也有可能在路上） ②I haven’t heard from her recently. 我近來沒有收到她的來信。 2．表示一個從過去某個時(shí)間開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能延續(xù)下去的動作。常同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如。so far, up to now, since, for a long time, till now, up to present。 ①He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在這里工作已有20多年了。 ②Where have you been since I last saw you? 自從上次我見到你以來，你去哪兒了？ 3. 在after，as soon as，if，till，when等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來完成時(shí)。 If he hasnt gone to bed when you see him, tell him to give me a ring， 如果你見到他時(shí)他還沒有睡，讓他給我打個電話。 4. It (This) +is ( will be)+the first,/second/third…+time+ that從句。that從句的謂語要用現(xiàn)在完 成時(shí)，that可以省略。 This is the first time I have been here.這是我第一次來這里。 【真題在線】 ①—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I ______ the piano for years. （xx?湖南卷? 33） A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played 【解析】 選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：--我記得在大學(xué)里的時(shí)候你是個才華橫溢的鋼琴家。你能給我彈奏一曲嗎？--抱歉。我已經(jīng)好多年沒彈鋼琴了。由情景可知，不彈鋼琴這個動作應(yīng)該是由過去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；B項(xiàng)為過去進(jìn)行時(shí)；D項(xiàng)為過去完成時(shí)。 ②—Look! Somebody the sofa. —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. （xx?江西卷? 26） A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned 【解析】 選C?？疾閯釉~時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：——你瞧！有人擦了沙發(fā)了?！?，不是我，我沒擦。從答語來看，是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，說明“沙發(fā)已經(jīng)擦過了”，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示影響和結(jié)果。A項(xiàng)表示“現(xiàn)在正在擦”；B項(xiàng)表示“過去正在擦” ；C項(xiàng)表示“已經(jīng)擦了” ；D項(xiàng)是過去完成時(shí)，表示“過去的過去”，此句沒有說明。 九、 過去完成時(shí) 1．過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作（即表示“過去的過去”）。時(shí)間狀語可用by，before等構(gòu)成的短語，也可用時(shí)間狀語從句或通過上下文的語境表示。 He said that he had been abroad for three years.他說他在國外呆了3年。 2．表示動作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的這一時(shí)間，而且還可能繼續(xù)下去的動作，常用的時(shí)間狀語有．by then，by the end of，by the time，until，before等。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet．直到那時(shí)為止，他對此仍一無所知。 3．用在It was the first/second./third…time that…句型中，that從句的謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。 That was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years，這是39年里他們第一次見面。 4．It was+一段時(shí)間+ since從句。since從句的謂語動詞用過去完成時(shí)。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我們十年來從沒這么高興過。 5．表示愿望或打算一類的詞，例如：intend．mean，hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等，其過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或希望等，含有某種惋惜。 I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本來打算去看你，但我這來了個不速之客。 6．用在表示“剛剛……就……”的句型中：Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had+主語+done…when…did…;No sooner had+主語+done…than…did…。 Hardly had she gone to bed when the bell rang. 她剛一上床鈴就響了。 【真題在線】 ①By the time Jack returned home from England, his son from college. （2011?遼寧卷? 34） A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated 【解析】選D。句意：杰克從英國回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。by the time.“到……的時(shí)候”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時(shí)，主句的謂語動詞要用過去完成時(shí)。 ②She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ everything! （2011?山東卷? 35） A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating 【解析】選B。考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。第一個分句用的是一般過去時(shí)，由語意可知，第二個分句中的動作( eat)發(fā)生在第一個分句的謂語動詞動作前，屬于典型的“過去的過去”，所以用過去完成時(shí)。 十、 將來完成時(shí) 將來完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將來某時(shí)的動作或狀態(tài) 【真題在線】 On her next birthday, Ann married for twenty years. （2011?天津卷? 4） A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been 【解析】選D。考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：等到下次生日的時(shí)候，Ann結(jié)婚有二十年了。her next birthday是將來的時(shí)間，for twenty years是個時(shí)間段。將來完成時(shí)表示持續(xù)到將來某時(shí)的動作或狀態(tài)，故選D。 —Tommy is planning to buy a car. —I know. By next month, he ___ enough for a used one. （2011?江蘇卷? 23） A. saves B .saved C. will save D. will have saved 【解析】選D。句意：—Tommy將計(jì)劃買車?！抑?，到下個月為止，他積攢的錢足夠買一輛舊車了?！眀y next month是將來完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，全句表示在將來next month之前完成“積攢足夠錢”的動作，對將來的時(shí)間next month產(chǎn)生影響，能買一輛舊車。故選D。 十一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個動作開始于過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能延續(xù)下去?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行體是完成體和進(jìn)行體的組合。因此，它具備完成體和進(jìn)行體的一些因素，例如：它具備進(jìn)行體的未完成性、暫時(shí)性、感情色彩等特點(diǎn)。 They have been living here for 10 years. 他們住在這里十年了。（從過去某一時(shí)間開始住，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還住在這兒） We’ve been discussing the matter several times this year. 我們今年已數(shù)次討論那件事。（強(qiáng)調(diào)說話者“抱怨”的感情色彩） 【真題在線】 ①In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. （xx?安徽卷?26） A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 【解析】選D。考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意為：為了找到那位失蹤兒童，在過去的五個小時(shí)里村民們做了他們所能做的一切事情。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語over the past five hours可知，應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。A項(xiàng)是一般過去時(shí)，B項(xiàng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，C項(xiàng)是過去完成時(shí)，都不符合題意。 ②The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. （xx?全國卷II?18） A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told 【解析】選C?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。句意為：自從上午9點(diǎn)經(jīng)理就一直在告訴工人如何改善這一方案。此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的關(guān)鍵就是動作是否仍然在進(jìn)行，如果已經(jīng)完成，選A；如果仍然在進(jìn)行，選C。從語境看，動作應(yīng)該是仍在進(jìn)行中。故選C。 十二、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 1. 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去這一時(shí)間。這一動作可能己經(jīng)停止也可能還在進(jìn)行。 She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. 她告訴我她己經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語5年了。（仍繼續(xù)） She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour. 她告訴我她己經(jīng)等我一個鐘頭了。（不再繼續(xù)） 2. 表示過去反復(fù)的動作、企圖、情緒等 You had been giving me everything.你對我真是有求必應(yīng)。（感激） 【真題在線】 When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there. （xx?全國卷?29） A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain 【解析】選A。句意：當(dāng)Alice蘇醒過來時(shí)，她不知道她在那兒躺了多久了。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示持續(xù)到過去某時(shí)之前的動作。came to蘇醒過來是過去時(shí)，蘇醒前的情況是過去的過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的過去里發(fā)生的事，故選A。 易混的時(shí)態(tài)比較 一、一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．時(shí)間狀語不同。一般過去時(shí)，常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用（表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)）；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語（表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)）。請比較： We visited Beijing last summer．（last summer為具體的過去時(shí)間，因此用一般過去時(shí)） With the help of high technology, more and more new substances have been discovered in the past years.（in the past years為模糊的時(shí)間，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用） 2．一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 I have read the novel．我看過這部小說。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“看過這部小說”，對現(xiàn)在的影響：我了解這部小說的內(nèi)容） I read the novel last week.我上星期看了這部小說。（只說明上星期看過這部小說，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況） 3，一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)／現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)都可以與一段時(shí)間連用。其區(qū)別是：一般過去時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用表示動作沒有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)／現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與一段時(shí)間連用表示動作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在。 He has lived here since 1985. 1985年以來他一直住在這里。（他現(xiàn)在還住在這里） He lived here for 6 years when he was young. 他小時(shí)候在這里住了6年。（他現(xiàn)在不住在這里了） 二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作已完成或表示一個發(fā)生在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個動作開始于過去，并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在還在進(jìn)行。請比較： Hes written a novel。他寫了一部小說。（已完成） Hes been writing a novel. 他在寫一部小說。（可能尚未完成） 三、一般過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別 1．一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。請比較： The moment the thieves saw the police, they ran away.這些賊一看見警察來了，立刻就逃跑了。 （“看見”與“逃跑”同時(shí)發(fā)生，因此“逃跑”用一般過去時(shí)） When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.當(dāng)警察趕到時(shí)，這些賊已經(jīng)逃跑了。（“趕到”發(fā)生在過去，“逃跑”發(fā)生在警察趕到之前，即“過去的過去”，因此“逃跑”要用過去完成時(shí)） 拓展 1．表示短暫意義的動詞，如：open，go，e，die，leave，arrive, begin，return，stop等，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如要表達(dá)“他參軍已經(jīng)4年了”這一意思，不能說“He has joined the army for four years.”而要把其中的動詞換成延續(xù)性動詞或用其他表達(dá)法。如上句可用下列方式表達(dá)： He has been in the army for four years. He joined the army four years ago. It is four years since he joined the army. 2．下列動詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 ①感官動詞：see, look, hear, smell, taste, feel等。 ②情感類動詞：hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等。 ③表示存在概念的動詞：be, exist, remain等。 ④擁有、從屬類動詞：have, own, possess, contain, belong to, consist of等。 ⑤認(rèn)識類動詞：understand, know, believe, forget, remember等。 練習(xí)：選擇填空 從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1【xx全國卷II】 14. — Did you ask Sophia for help? — I _______ need to — I managed perfectly well on my own. A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t 2【xx全國卷II】⒙ The manager _______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told 3【xx安徽】26. In order to find the missing child , villagers _ all they can over the past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing 4【xx安徽】31. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live 5【xx安徽】33. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____ some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept 6【xx安徽】35. After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _ . A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 7【xx重慶】22.-Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_______ a test and I’m waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take 8【xx重慶】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _______.We must act immediately before there’s none left. A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out 9【xx全國】23. “Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step .” A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed 10【xx全國】33.I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _______ before my eyes. A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum 11.【xx北京】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _______ cold. A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting 12.【xx北京】25. George said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he _______. A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t 13.【xx北京】29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market? — Yes, fortunately no one ________. A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt 14.【xx北京】30. Our friendship _______ quickly over the weeks that followed. A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed 15.【xx北京】35. Don’t handle the vase as if it _______ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been 16.【xx福建】24.—When did the puter crash? — This morning, while I _______ the reading materials downloaded from some websites. A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted 17.【xx陜西】24. –Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon? —I’m sorry, but by then I _______ to Beijing. How about five? A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 18.【xx山東】28. After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 19.【xx山東】34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _______. A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 20【xx湖南】22. Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _______ later in life. A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid 21【xx湖南】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _______ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing 22【xx湖南】27. “The moment _______ soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has e C. was ing D. is ing 23【xx湖南】33. —I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? —Sorry, I ______ the piano for years. A. don’t play B. wasn’t playing C. haven’t played D. hadn’t played 24【xx天津】2. The letter for the boss ______ on his desk but he didn’t read them until three days later. A. were put B. was put C. put D. has put 25【xx天津】12. The three of us ________ around Europe for about a month last summer. A. traveled B. have traveled C. had traveled D. travel 26【xx江西】26. —Look! Somebody _______ the sofa. — Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned 27【xx遼寧】31. I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I _______ to Shanghai. A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown 28【xx遼寧】35. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _______ on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid 29【xx四川】9. —Did you catch what I said? —Sorry. I ______ a text message just now. A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering 30【xx四川】11. They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _______. A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt 31【xx浙江】13. Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _______ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in xx. A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon 32【xx浙江】16. — Alvin, are you ing with us? — I’d love to, but something unexpected _______. A. has e up B. was ing up C. had e up D. would e up 33【xx江蘇】32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _______ some European business partners. A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met 34【xx江蘇】34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he _______. A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start 【答案】1-5CCDDA 6-10DBBCC 11-15CBBDB 16-20BCCDA 21-25CDCBA 26-30CABDA 31-34BADC 練習(xí) I. 選擇最佳答案填空 選擇填空 從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。  1. My aunt ________ to see us. Shell be here soon. A. e