2019高考英語 詞匯（22）練習（含解析）.doc

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詞匯（22） 復習：1、核心單詞2、重點短語3、寫作句式4、我讀我練（詞匯應用、句式仿寫） 【單句單詞語法填空】 1． I wish I________(be) at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then. 答案：had been　利用虛擬語氣考查時態(tài)。句意為：我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過我當時正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的but可知“參加妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設，根據(jù)空后的時間狀語last Tuesday可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，此處表示與過去事實相反的假設，故謂語用“had＋過去分詞”結構。故答案為had been。 2． It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________have nowhere to stay now. 答案：would/could/should/might　句意為：幸虧我們預訂了一個房間，要不然我們現(xiàn)在就無處可呆了。根據(jù)語境可知，or后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，此處為含蓄虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞用“would/could/should/might＋動詞原形”結構。 3．(2015北京，34改編)If I________(see) it with my own eyes，I wouldnt have believed it. 答案：hadnt seen　根據(jù)主句中“wouldnt have believed”可以判斷是對過去的虛擬。句意：如果不是我親眼看到，我不會相信。 4．(2015陜西，23改編)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance) as well as her. 答案：danced　wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用could/should/would do；敘述與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用had done。由語境可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，故謂語動詞用過去式。句意：艾倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。 5．(2015四川成都二診改編)Film reviewers are surprised to find that Han Hans first film, The Contrinent, ________ be such a huge success. 答案：should　句意為：影評家們很吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)韓寒的第一部電影《后會無期》，竟然獲得如此巨大的成功。表示“竟然”應用should。 核心單詞 1.profession n.　　　　 (需要有高等教育學位的)職業(yè)(如醫(yī)生或律師) 2.profit n. 利潤，益處 　 v. 有益于，有利于 3.programme n. 節(jié)目；項目 4.progress n. 進步；進展；前進 　　 vi. 前進；進步 5.prohibit vt. 阻止；禁止 6.project n. 工程 7.promise n.& v. 答應，允諾 8.promote vt. 促進，發(fā)揚，增進；提升，提拔；宣傳，推銷(商品等) 9.pronounce v. 發(fā)音 10.properly adv. 適當?shù)? 11.protection n. 保護 12.prove vt. 證明 13.provide vt. 提供 14.province n. 省 15.publicly adv. 當眾；公開地 16.publish vt. 出版，發(fā)行 17.punctual adj. 準時的 18.punishment n. 懲罰 19.purpose n. 目的，意圖 20.puzzled adj. 迷惑的，困惑的 21.qualification n. 資格，學歷 22.quality n. 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)，性質(zhì) 23.quantity n. 量，數(shù)量 24.quarrel vi. 爭吵，吵架 25.questionnaire n. 調(diào)查表，問卷 重點短語 1.let sb down 讓某人失望 let out 放出；泄露 let in 放進；讓……進入 2.leave alone 不干涉/打擾；不理，順其自然 leave behind 留下；丟棄；忘記攜帶 leave for 動身去 leave out 遺漏；省去；不考慮 leave...to/with 把……托付給；留/交給 on leave 休假 ask for leave 請假 【閱讀理解】 It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight. A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物學機制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers. The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight. For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of being obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells. 1.The passage is mainly for those_________. A. who produce wine B. who have a drinking habit C. who go on a diet D. who are eager to lose weight 2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________. A. excitedly B. carefully C. frequently D. properly 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight. B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat. C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect. D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear. 4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. How to do some easy experiments. B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine. C. How to prove the finding mentioned above. D. How to make wine in a healthy way. 【文章大意】文章講述了飲酒和健康的關系，告訴我們適量葡萄酒還會減肥。 1.B【解析】推理判斷題。文章講述了飲酒和健康的關系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的關系。所以說是寫給有 喝酒習慣的人的，故選B。 2.D【解析】猜測詞義題。與上句形成對比，此處指適量飲酒的人事實上能減肥，moderation＂適度＂與D 項同義，故選D。 4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文章最后講到葡萄酒和紅酒混合會破壞肥胖細胞，所以下文會證明這一觀點， 故選C。 寫作句式 倒　裝 1.Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 直到經(jīng)歷了真正的苦難，他才意識到我們對家人的愛是多么重要。 2.On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我們絕對不能忽視知識的價值。 3.(2014天津高考書面表達)Only if we understand and learn from each other can we spend those good days together happily. 只有相互理解、彼此學習我們才能一起幸福地度過那些美好的日子。 我讀我練 Ⅰ.詞匯應用 1.I have made up my mind to study harder and make greater progress(進步). 2.Not all the advertisements can be used to promote__(促進) the sale of the products. 3.Once attacked by viruses, your puter won’t function properly(proper). 4.Mr.Lee decided to fight for the protection (protect) of the environment. 5.Throwing their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team __let__out (發(fā)出) loud shouts of victory. 6.He’s in a bad mood right now.We’d better leave__him__alone(不要打攪他). Ⅱ.句式仿寫 1.至于我自己，我會在現(xiàn)實生活中多做有價值的事情，從交友到學習，只有用這種方式我才能使生活充實、有價值。 As for myself, I’ll devote myself to more worthwhile things in real life, from making friends to studying; only__in__this__way_can__I_make_my_life_full_and_valuable. 2.在任何情況下我們都不應該以犧牲環(huán)境為代價發(fā)展經(jīng)濟。 Under no circumstances should__we__develop__the__economy__at the cost of the environment. 3.直到他醒來他才意識到他已經(jīng)昏迷了好幾天了。 Not until he woke up did__he__learn he had been in a for several days. 【練習】 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 【答案】　 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 第一處：it→them。考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，第二句中“towards”的賓語指代的是第一句的主語“Mistakes”，故用them。 第二處：a→the?？疾楣谠~。根據(jù)前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，該處特指上文中“提高英語口語水平”的開始，故用定冠詞。 第三處：make→making?？疾榉侵^語動詞。avoid doing sth.為固定用法，意為“避免做某事”。 第四處：that→what?？疾橘e語從句。分析該句結構可知，該句為含有賓語從句的主從復合句，what既作賓語從句的引導詞，也作從句中及物動詞thought的賓語，而that在從句中不能作成分，故將that改為what。 第五處：discouraging→discouraged?？疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)從句主語I可知，該處應用discouraged形容人，意為“沮喪的”；discouraging形容事物，意為“令人沮喪的”。 第六處：must→could?？疾榍閼B(tài)動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句使用了虛擬語氣，表示“過去本能夠做卻沒有做”，故用could have done。 第七處：刪除in?？疾楣潭ù钆?。該處指“參加英語俱樂部”，參加某個組織用join，而join in為固定搭配，意為“參加活動”，故刪除in。 第八處：made→makes?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意：熟能生巧。該句為一般真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句主語為Practice，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式，故用makes。 第九處：fluent→fluently。考查副詞。根據(jù)該句中的動詞“talk”可知，此處修飾動詞，故用副詞形式。 第十處：afraid前加be。考查祈使句。分析句子結構可知，該句為祈使句，afraid為形容詞，故afraid前加動詞原形be。