高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解[打包10套]51.zip

高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解[打包10套]51.zip,打包10套,高考,英語(yǔ),一輪,復(fù)習(xí),閱讀,理解,打包,10,51 河南孟津縣2017高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解暑假練習(xí)（二） （2016高考訓(xùn)練）閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Countless people long to make a difference this holiday season, yet they don't realize that opportunities to make a difference are everywhere.Here are some ideas to get you started. Organize a blank drive It is cold outside, but imagine how thousands of homeless people may feel without a home of their own, or even a blanket to keep them from the cold. Organize a blank drive for your local homeless, and ask around for donations! Practice random acts of kindness I'll never forget the time when I went to pay for my Dr. Pepper, but the server resisted, saying my bill was paid by an anonymous(匿名的) guest. It's this random act of kindness that restores my faith in humanity. Bless someone by paying for their drink at Starbucks, or praising them! If you live somewhere where it snows, shovel your neighbour's snow out of their driveway for them! Whether it is as simple as praise or as complex as paying the bill, you'll never know how far your impact will reach. Say thank-you Just a simple thank-you can make__somebody's__day,__especially if they feel like their work is never noticed. Cultivate(培養(yǎng)) a smile on their face by being sincere and grateful for all that they do. Use your talents to help the community The best way to show your appreciation for people is by using the talents and skills you have to bless others. For me, I love to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào)) events and write, and so my way of reaching out to the community is through writing articles and creating awareness about problems we face today. If you can bake, make some delicious cookies for people to enjoy! If you can knit, put your talents to use by making clothes for children in foster care. Any talent can be used to help the community in meaningful ways. Wish you a happy, healthy and helpful holiday season. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文主要講的是如何通過(guò)自己的努力去幫助別人，給他人帶來(lái)幸福。 1．If you join a blank drive, you can________． A．keep yourself from the cold B．bring a blanket to go on a trip C．buy a home for homeless people D．collect donations for the homeless people 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第二段最后一句話：Organize a blank drive for your local homeless, and ask around for donations！] 2．How did the author restore his faith in humanity? A．He helps others. B．He often blessed others. C．He got help from others. D．He got praised by others. 答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第三段前兩句話所表達(dá)的意思可知答案：I'll never forget the time when I went to pay for my Dr. Pepper, but the server resisted, saying my bill was paid by an anonymous(匿名的) guest. It's this random act of kindness that restores my faith in humanity.作者的賬單已經(jīng)被一名匿名顧客給支付了，這件事讓作者回復(fù)了對(duì)人性的信任。] 3．The underlined phrase “to make somebody's day” is to________． A．make someone feel grateful all day B．do something unnoticed by people C．make someone feel good all day D．help someone to solve problems 答案　C　[詞義猜測(cè)題，第四段第二句話可知答案：Cultivate(培養(yǎng)) a smile on their face by being sincere and grateful for all that they do。] 4．What is the author's talent? A．Sewing. B．Writing. C．Baking. D．Knitting. 答案　B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題，第五段第二句話：For me, I love to coordinate(協(xié)調(diào)) events and write 。] 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Help Others in Need B．Make the Best of Talent C．Enjoy Your Holiday Season D．Make a Difference in Your Holiday Season 答案　D　[主旨大意題，根據(jù)文章第一段，此類文章結(jié)構(gòu)，標(biāo)題一般都根據(jù)第一段選擇，本篇文章的第一段第二句話很好的說(shuō)明了文章的中心，而標(biāo)題一般要反映文章的中心。] 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (Cryptic Coloring) ? ?Cryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. It is employed for the purpose of attack (aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring ) as well as of defense (protective resemblance or procryptic coloring ). The fact that the same method concealment, may be used both for attack and defense has been well explained by T.Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations. Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life. Thus well-concealed mammals and birds, when discovered, will generally endeavor to escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively. On the other hand, small animals which have no means of active defense, such as large, numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey. In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form. Cryptic coloring, whether used for defense of attack, may be either general or special. In general resemblance the animal, in consequence of its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline. General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth’s surface, such as an ocean or a desert. In the former, animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent blue color, on the latter, equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. Thus the black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance, and “their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.” Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is the form which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water, as well as on the floating masses of algae on the surface of the ocean, such as the Sargasso Sea. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes. Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected. In special resemblance the combination of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patch of lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively. The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object. In seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. The first seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual (G.L.L.Buffon), or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts (J.B.P.Lamarck). The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in each generation. The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival. A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides, passing into white on the belly. Abbot H. Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow. The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environment (e. g. earth), bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky, while the belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton in the case of a larva and a pupa, but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e.g., a part of a leaf. This method of rendering invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry. 1. ? ? ?The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form [A]. hunters. ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . nocturnal predators [C]. lions and tigers. ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? [C]. insectivorous ?Vertrbrata 2. ? ? ?Aggressive resemblance occurs when [A]. a predaceous attitude is assumed. . special resemblance is utilized. [C]. an animal relies on speed. [D]. an animal blends in with its background. 3. ? ? ?Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies on [A]. its ability to frighten its adversary. ? ?? ?. speed. [C]. its ability to assume an attitude. ? ?? ?? [D]. mistaken identify 4. ? ? ?The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is [A]. Cryptic coloration for Protection. ? ?? ?? . How Animals Survive. [C]. The uses of Mimicry in Nature. ? ?? ?? ? [D]. Resemblances of Animals. 5. ? ? ?Of the following which is the least common? [A]. protective resemblance. ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? . General resemblance. [C]. Aggressive resemblance. ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?[D]. Special resemblance. Vocabulary 1. ?cryptic ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?隱藏的，保護(hù)的 ? ? ?? ?? cryptic coloring ? ? 保護(hù)色，隱藏色 2. ?predaceous ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?食肉的，捕食其他動(dòng)物的。 3. ?vertebrate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 脊椎動(dòng)物門 4. ?tint ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 色澤，色彩 5. ? zebra ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 斑馬 6. ? Sargasso ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 果本馬尾藻 7. ? twig ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 嫩枝 8. ? lichen ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?地衣 9. ? flake ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 一片 10. ?gradation ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?等級(jí)，層次，分等 11. ?obliterate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?涂抹，擦去，使消失 12. ?larva ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 幼蟲(chóng)，幼體 13. ?pupa ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 蛹 14. ?mimicry ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 模仿，擬態(tài) 15. ?nocturnal ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?夜間發(fā)生的，夜出的 16. ?insectivorous ? ?? ?? ?? ?食蟲(chóng)的 17. ?procryptic ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?有保護(hù)色的，保護(hù)性的 ? ? 難句譯注 1. ? ? ?…the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations. [參考譯文] ?追捕動(dòng)物和被追的動(dòng)物也利用快速的動(dòng)作。這種快速的運(yùn)動(dòng)同樣是通過(guò)幾代更迭，逐漸消除了慢速，而發(fā)展到快速頂峰。 2. ? ? ?Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey. [參考譯文] ?保護(hù)性模仿遠(yuǎn)比侵犯行模仿要普遍得多，這是和下述的情況想配合的：食肉的（形式）動(dòng)物，按慣律總是比他們捕食的對(duì)象要大而且多得多。 3. ? ? ?The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. [參考譯文] ?在驚人的對(duì)比中，色澤的綜合可能產(chǎn)生外形一致的效果。 4. ? ? ?…their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight. [參考譯文] ?（這里指斑馬的黑白條）比例正好和在月光下觀看貧瘠土地所具有的蒼白色澤相吻合。 5. ? ? ?In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes. [參考譯文] ?在這些環(huán)境中，動(dòng)物的保護(hù)色常常得到特定的形狀變化和本能的協(xié)作，這種本能會(huì)使動(dòng)物采取特定的姿勢(shì)。 6. ? ? ?Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized… [參考譯文]　絕對(duì)靜態(tài)和采取一般姿勢(shì)在陸地的一般模仿中起很大作用，而在專門模仿中，姿勢(shì)常常是高度專門化的。 7. ? ? ?Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. [參考譯文] ?因此許多類顏色排列成恰當(dāng)?shù)哪Ｊ?形式，要求把合適的外形和嚴(yán)格的采用一定的精心設(shè)計(jì)的姿勢(shì)相結(jié)合。 8. ? ? ?The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival. [參考譯文] ?保護(hù)效果是由于所以這些因素確切合作而形成。根據(jù)目前科學(xué)水平，唯一的解釋（此種現(xiàn)象）就是自然選擇理論，它可以累積要生存的各種變異/變種。 寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意 文章以一般到具體的協(xié)作和分類方式寫(xiě)作，第一段點(diǎn)出生物界生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中最常用的一種顏色是保護(hù)色，保護(hù)色可分為兩類：進(jìn)犯（進(jìn)攻）型和防衛(wèi)型。一般是防御性保護(hù)色多于進(jìn)攻型。而兩種類型都可歸納為一般性模仿和專門（特定）模仿。居住（棲息）在單一色澤的地方的動(dòng)物，如海洋或沙漠，常采用模仿性保護(hù)色——如透明的綠色，土色等，而特定摸剛的動(dòng)物則棲息在多樣性的地方，如海岸，淺水，海洋表面等。特定模仿還需要有改變形狀姿勢(shì)之協(xié)作，使其看起來(lái)像客觀環(huán)境中的某物，某種身份mistaken identify. 第二段涉及有關(guān)模仿性的解釋的探索，結(jié)果為二。一種觀點(diǎn)是環(huán)境直接影響的結(jié)果。第二種是自然選擇的結(jié)果。當(dāng)人們理解了許多特定模仿的復(fù)雜特性時(shí)，第一種解釋就不能成立了。這說(shuō)明保護(hù)效果是一切因素——合適的外形和某種精心設(shè)計(jì)的姿勢(shì)等——合作而成。按現(xiàn)在科學(xué)水平來(lái)解釋，只能歸之“自然選擇”理論，然后是用具體例子來(lái)證實(shí)。 答案祥解 1. ? ? ?B. 夜間活動(dòng)的食肉動(dòng)物。見(jiàn)難句譯注4，斑馬的黑白相間顏色的比例正好和月光下所見(jiàn)的貧瘠土地的蒼白的色澤相吻合。當(dāng)然能保護(hù)斑馬夜間免遭這些食肉動(dòng)物的襲擊。 A. 捕獲者。 ? ?? ?? C. 獅子和老虎。 ? ?? ?? ?? ? D. 食蟲(chóng)的脊椎動(dòng)物 2. ? ? ?A. 在裝成捕食其他動(dòng)物的姿勢(shì)時(shí)。 B. 應(yīng)該專門模仿。 ? ?? ? C. 動(dòng)物依賴速度。 ? ?? ?? D. 動(dòng)物和背景混在一起。 3. ? ? ?D. 搞錯(cuò)/認(rèn)錯(cuò)了動(dòng)物（身份）（mistaken identify 認(rèn)錯(cuò)了人之義）。見(jiàn)第一段最后一句話，它不像一般模仿那樣，通過(guò)動(dòng)物和背景難以辨別從而從視覺(jué)中隱藏起來(lái)，它是被誤認(rèn)為某種著名動(dòng)物。 A. 用以嚇走它的對(duì)手（敵人）的能力。 ? B. 速度。 ? ? C. 采用某種姿勢(shì)的能力。 4. ? ? ?C. 自然界模擬的運(yùn)動(dòng)。文章一開(kāi)始就點(diǎn)命保護(hù)色迄今為止生存斗爭(zhēng)中最常用的一種顏色，常用于進(jìn)攻和防衛(wèi)。保護(hù)色常和其他措施相配合，首先提到速度，見(jiàn)難句譯注1。然后講到保護(hù)色分類，一般（普通）和特殊（專門）模擬/模仿。第二段解釋或說(shuō)明模擬適應(yīng)性。第一種解釋為環(huán)境使然/影響。第二種認(rèn)為是自然界選擇之結(jié)果。 A. 為了保衛(wèi)的保護(hù)色。 ? ? B. 動(dòng)物是如何存活下來(lái)。 ? ?? D. 動(dòng)物之模仿性。 5. ? ? ?C. 進(jìn)攻性（侵犯性）模仿。見(jiàn)難句譯注2。 A. 保護(hù)色模仿。 ? ?? ? B. 一般性模仿。 ? ?? ?? D. 專項(xiàng)模仿。 任務(wù)型閱讀。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：每空格1個(gè)單詞。 Parents can help their seventh and eighth grade students stand out in and out of their English classroom by introducing them to newspapers. Newspapers not only offer information on current events, but they can also be used to test your child's knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and more. Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How Have your child read the first couple of paragraphs of a news story. Ask them to write down all of the important facts, such as who, what, where, when, why and how. This helps parents to see if their children comprehend the basic facts and information they read. Grammar Parents can monitor a child's understanding of grammatical parts of speech (詞性) without a grammar textbook. Ask your child to read a paragraph in an article and then list a specific number of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions and the like, which serves more of a test of their grammatical knowledge. Encourage them to list each of these parts of speech in a paragraph. Then, reread the paragraph to see if they missed anything. Persuasion Ask your child to select an advertisement from the newspaper. Have them investigate how specific words or phrases influence their feelings about a particular product. Then, encourage them to create an advertisement of their own for an item they do not like. Tell them not to show their true feelings and try to make people want to buy this unwanted item. After that, ask them to list the persuasive techniques used in their ad. Facts vs Opinions Select an editorial for your middle schooler to read. Have your child divide a piece of paper into two columns, one marked fact, and the other marked opinion. Have your student decide which column it fits under. This will help your child better understand facts versus opinions. Another related exercise is responding to an editorial. Encourage your child to write letters to the editor or responses to editorials or other articles. Before your child sends his or her letter, check the opinion section to see what requirements there are. Headlines and Synonyms (同義詞) Ask your middle schooler to rewrite a couple of headlines using the synonyms of the original words. Compare the headlines. Do the original versions or the rewrites sound better? This is a great exercise to help students learn synonyms and expand their vocabulary. If you find your seventh or eighth grade child is struggling with these newspaper activities, it may be an indicator that they have fallen behind in their reading skills. These activities were designed with a seventh or eighth grader in mind; therefore, while they are educational, they should be more of reinforcement (增強(qiáng)) instead of a major reading challenge. Outline Supporting details An approach to learning 1 students in seventh and eighth grades to newspapers can be helpful in learning English. Newspaper 2 ● Ask students to read the first paragraphs of a news story and write down the important and 3 facts to see if they can understand them. ● Have students read an article and list different parts of speech to improve their understanding of 4 . ● Select an ad and ask students to find the persuasive expressions 5 in it, and then create their own ad for a product they dislike. ● Select an editorial and have students 6 between facts and opinions. After that encourage them to write a 7 to an editorial. ● Ask students to write a few synonyms and compare them with the 8 headlines to help them with their vocabulary expansion. Possible results ● It may 9 that a child is poor at reading if he or she has 10 with these activities. ● These activities, designed for special graders, can not be used as a major reading challenge. 【參考答案】任務(wù)型： 1. Introducing 2. activities 3. basic 4. grammar 5. used 6. distinguish 7. response / reply 8. original 9. indicate / show 10. difficulty / trouble 10