高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解[打包10套]61.zip

高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解[打包10套]61.zip,打包10套,高考,英語(yǔ),一輪,復(fù)習(xí),閱讀,理解,打包,10,61 河南浚縣2017高考英語(yǔ)一輪閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)題（二） 閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 【2014·江西省贛中四校高三第二次聯(lián)考】 Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help. Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops.American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation.It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants—those that return year after year. Soil scientist John Reganold says，“One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions.So how do you grow food on poor soils？There have to be food production systems that can build the soil and improve the yield.” Mr Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years of weathering that washed away many nutrients.He says some farmers may have done more harm than good. “They have been actually using farming practices where they’re not putting in organic matter.They’re not putting in fertilizers.They can’t afford those things.And it just runs the soil down.So they’re worsening the situation.” The scientist says the word perenniation defines three systems that are already used in Africa.The oldest of the three is called evergreen agriculture.This is where farmers plant trees with their crops.Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years，but it seems to be growing in popularity. The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger，Burkina Faso，Malawi and Zambia.The trees are planted among maize (玉米)，millet or sorghum crops.They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots，but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.At other times of the year，the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight. John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation. “She’s a grandmother in her fifties.Her name is Rhoda Mang’yana and she started using this system about twenty years ago.And her yields initially were about a ton of maize.Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare，four times what she was getting.” 1．The purpose of the passage is to________. A．tell people how to increase production B．introduce an agricultural system in Africa C．introduce the oldest farming method in Africa D．tell us how to prevent soil being poor 2．What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Being exposed to wind and rain. B．Growing different crops. C．Being polluted severely. D．Being ploughed improperly. 3．According to the passage，which of the following statements is WRONG? A．Perenniation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants. B．Poor soil is the main problem in increasing food production. C．Farmers may be more to blame for the present situation. D．American researchers first invented perenniation. 4．Evergreen agriculture is popular with the farmers mainly because it________. A．can build the soil and improve the yield B．can provide more wood as well C．is the easiest method to carry out D．is used for a long time 5．Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda Mang’yana? A．To show the method is very popular in Africa. B．Because she is an expert at farming production. C．To prove the farming method is effective. D．Because she produced more grains than anyone else in the country. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　在非洲，土地有限、地力貧瘠，如何有效地改善土地狀況，提高農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量呢？本文介紹了一種能有效提高土地的肥力，促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)的耕作方式。 1．解析：　考查寫(xiě)作意圖。由文章第一段及第二段第二句話可知，本文主要針對(duì)非洲土地營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分不足、產(chǎn)量低這一問(wèn)題，向我們介紹了一種新的農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)。 答案：　B 2．解析：　考查詞義猜測(cè)。分析畫(huà)線詞所在句可知，多年的風(fēng)雨侵蝕，導(dǎo)致了土地中大量的營(yíng)養(yǎng)流失。C項(xiàng)文中未提及，B、D兩項(xiàng)不符合句意，可排除。 答案：　A 3．解析：　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。由文章第六段第一句以及最后一句可知，這種系統(tǒng)早已經(jīng)在非洲使用，所以這種系統(tǒng)并不是美國(guó)研究人員最先發(fā)明的。 答案：　D 4．解析：　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段尤其是本段后半部分內(nèi)容可知，evergreen agriculture這種方式之所以受農(nóng)民們的歡迎，在于它能改良土壤，故選擇A項(xiàng)。 答案：　A 5．解析：　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后兩段可知，John Reganold提到Rhoda Mang’yana是為了證明這種種植方式是有效果的。 答案：C。 閱讀理解。 You may not pay much attention to your daily elevator ride. Many of us use a lift several times during the day without really thinking about it. But Lee Gray, PhD, of the University of North Carolina, US, has made it his business to examine this overlooked form of public transport. He is known as the “Elevator Guy”. “The lift becomes this interesting social space where etiquette (禮儀) is sort of odd (奇怪的),” Gray told the BBC. “They [elevators] are socially very interesting but often very awkward places.” We walk in and usually turn around to face the door. If someone else comes in, we may have to move. And here, according to Gray, liftusers unthinkingly go through a set pattern of movements. He told the BBC what he had observed. He explained that when you are the only one inside a lift, you can do whatever you want – it’s your own little box. If there are two of you, you go into different corners, standing diagonally (對(duì)角線地) across from each other to create distance. When a third person enters, you will unconsciously form a triangle. And when there is a fourth person it becomes a square, with someone in every corner. A fifth person is probably going to have to stand in the middle. New entrants to the lift will need to size up the situation when the doors slide open and then act decisively. Once in, for most people the rule is simple – look down, or look at your phone. Why are we so awkward in lifts? “You don’t have enough space,” Professor Babette Renneberg, a clinical psychologist at the Free University of Berlin, told the BBC. “Usually when we meet other people we have about an arm’s length of distance between us. And that’s not possible in most elevators.” In such a small, enclosed space it becomes very important to act in a way that cannot be construed (理解) as threatening or odd. “The easiest way to do this is to avoid eye contact,” she said. 【文章大意】本文告訴我們一些不成文的電梯禮儀。 36.The main purpose of the article is to _____. A. remind us to enjoy ourselves in the elevator B. tell us some unwritten rules of elevator etiquette C. share an interesting but awkward elevator ride D. analyze what makes people feel awkward in an elevator 【答案】B 【 解析】寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容可知這里敘述了電梯里的一些不成文的規(guī)定，故選B。 37. According to Gray, when people enter an elevator, they usually _____. A. turn around and greet one another B. look around or examine their phone C. make eye contact with those in the elevator D. try to keep a distance from other people 【答案】D 【 解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“from each other to create distance”可知，人們進(jìn)電梯后要跟別人保持距離。故選D。 38. Which of the following describes how people usually stand when there are at least two people in an elevator? 【答案】C 【 解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A兩個(gè)人應(yīng)站在對(duì)角線。B三個(gè)人要站成三角形。D五個(gè)人要站在四個(gè)角和中間。只有C四個(gè)人站在四個(gè)角是正確的。故選C。 39. The underlined phrase “size up” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _____. A. judge B. ignore C. put up with D. make the best of 【答案】A 【 解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。size up出現(xiàn)在“when the doors slide open”電梯門(mén)開(kāi)時(shí)，“act decisively果斷行動(dòng)”之前，所以應(yīng)該是判斷門(mén)內(nèi)情況的意思，只有judge審度最接近。B“ignore”無(wú)視；C“put up with”容忍；D “make the best of” 充分利用。故選A。 40. According to the article, people feel awkward in lifts because of _____. A. someone’s odd behaviors B. the lack of space C. their unfamiliarity with one another D. their eye contact with one another 【答案】B 【 解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“You don’t have enough space”可知只有電梯里缺少空間的時(shí)候感到尷尬，故選B。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A.B.C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts (氣鋒) to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity (強(qiáng)烈). They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a summary picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time. All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day “outlook” which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for development of air masses, fronts and storms. Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions, with identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological（氣象）stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. 6. One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is _____ A. floods B. fronts C. temperature changes D. frosts 7. The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining _____ A. daily weather maps B. upper air levels C. satellite reports D. changing fronts 8. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is helpful because it _____ A. is modern B. uses electronic instruments C. makes weather prediction easier D. shows things that would otherwise take hours to describe in a few minutes 9. A weather map is a summary because it _____ A. sums up a great deal of information B. appears daily C. shows changing fronts D. is a science book 10. You may possibly read this article in _____ A. a magazine B. newspaper C. a novel D. a science book 【參考答案】6—10、CBDAD 閱讀理解。 She’s not afraid of anything. Snakes? No problem. Walking alone in the dark? Easy. We’re not talking about a superhero here -- SM is a 44-year-old mother. And she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺). Shaped like a pair of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear. To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didn’t like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful. “She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a different opinion, though. “I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear. It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein. 【文章大意】本文敘述了研究人員通過(guò)在失去扁桃腺人的身上實(shí)驗(yàn)扁桃腺的作用，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它能控制人的恐懼，但是也有的科研人員對(duì)此產(chǎn)生了懷疑。 41. SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because ____________. A. she is a superhero B. she has experienced such conditions a lot C. she is a mental patient D. she has no sense of fear 【答案】D 【 解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain她失去了扁桃腺?zèng)]有了害怕的感覺(jué)，故選D。 42. Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find ___________. A. The function of a particular organ B. SM’s reaction of fear and anxiety C. The process of removing amygdala D. A special way to get along with monsters 【答案】A 【 解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)To try to understand how the amygdala works,研究人員為了找到扁桃腺是如何工作的，故選A。 43. What do we know from the research on SM? A. It was easy for her to avoid danger. B. SM never felt fearful but disgusted. C. SM was frightened by nothing except monsters. D. SM got along well with the snakes. 【答案】B 【 解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.她沒(méi)有感覺(jué)到害怕和厭惡，故選B。 44. What is Elizabeth Phelps’ attitude toward the function of the amygdala based on the research on SM? A. Indifferent B. Supportive C. Disapproving D. Interested 【答案】C 【 解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study, 可知Elizabeth Phelps不相信這種實(shí)驗(yàn)，故選C。 45. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. People can remove their amygdala to be fearless. B. SM will be admired because of her bravery. C. No one can survive if their amygdala is removed. D. The sense of fear is crucial to humans. 【答案】D 【 解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“It is quite remarkable that she is still alive可知恐懼的感覺(jué)對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)是重要的，故選D。 8