壓縮包內(nèi)含有CAD圖紙和說明書,均可直接下載獲得文件，所見所得，電腦查看更方便。Q 197216396 或 11970985
任務書
專業(yè)、班級 姓名 日期
1.設(shè)計題目： 淮南礦業(yè)集團新莊孜礦選煤廠(1.5Mt/a)設(shè)計
2.設(shè)計任務: 精煤灰分Ao=9.51~10.00%；水分Mt≤13%；
-0.5mm粒級煤浮選
3.設(shè)計原始資料：
1、入洗原煤50~0mm篩分資料
2、入洗原煤50~0.5mm浮沉資料
50~0mm 篩分資料
粒級mm
產(chǎn)率%
灰分%
50~25
25~13
13~6
6~3
3~0.5
-0.5
8.72
11.07
13.16
17.81
28.11
21.13
46.31
36.43
30.57
23.68
20.54
19.47
合 計
100.00
26.20
50~0.5mm 浮沉資料
密度Kg/L
產(chǎn)率%
灰分%
-1.3
1.3~1.4
1.4~1.5
1.5~1.6
1.6~1.8
+1.8
小計
小計占總計
煤泥
12.08
38.92
14.03
4.04
8.26
22.67
100.00
98.09
1.91
4.91
9.06
15.61
23.81
36.55
78.38
28.06
28.06
24.92
總 計
100.00
28.00
4.設(shè)計文件：
（1）說 明 書
（2）圖 紙（包括平面圖、剖面圖、工藝流程圖、設(shè)備聯(lián)系圖、總平面圖）
（3）開題報告
（4）外文資料原文及譯文
（5）成績評定材料
（6）設(shè)備明細表
5. 設(shè)計任務下達日期：
6. 設(shè)計完成日期：
7. 設(shè)計各章節(jié)答疑人：
部分 部分
部分 部分
部分 部分
8. 指導教師
8. 教研室負責人
9. 系負責人
參考評分標準
（理、工科）
評價項目
具體要求（A級標準）
最高分
評分值與評價等級的對應關(guān)系
A
B
C
D
E
畢業(yè)設(shè)計參考判分標準
畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計）
選題質(zhì)量
選題符合專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標，體現(xiàn)綜合訓練基本要求；題目有一定難度；有一定的理論意義或?qū)嶋H價值。
10
10
9
8
7
≤6
文獻資料應用能力
能獨立查閱文獻；能正確翻譯外文資料；具有收集、加工各種信息及獲取新知識的能力。
10
10
9
8
7
≤6
調(diào)查研究能力、實驗設(shè)計與實際動手能力
能較好地理解課題任務；研究方案設(shè)計合理；實驗方法科學；理論分析與計算正確，實驗數(shù)據(jù)準確可靠；有較強的動手能力、分析能力和實驗數(shù)據(jù)處理能力；能綜合運用所學知識發(fā)現(xiàn)與解決實際問題，得出有價值的結(jié)論。
20
19-20
17-18
15-16
13-14
≤12
格式
設(shè)計格式、圖表（或圖紙）規(guī)范，符合要求。
10
10
9
8
7
≤6
設(shè)計質(zhì)量
設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，邏輯性強；語言文字表達準確流暢；有一定的學術(shù)價值或?qū)嵱脙r值。
20
19-20
17-18
15-16
13-14
≤12
創(chuàng)新能力
有創(chuàng)新意識，或?qū)η叭说墓ぷ饔懈倪M或突破，或設(shè)計有獨到見解。
20
19-20
17-18
15-16
13-14
≤12
工作量及工作態(tài)度
工作量飽滿；能圓滿完成任務書規(guī)定的各項工作；工作認真、努力，遵守紀律，工作作風嚴謹務實；團隊協(xié)作能力強。
10
10
9
8
7
≤6
答
辯
參
考
評
分
標
準
設(shè)計質(zhì)量、水平
緊扣主題、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹，邏輯性強；文字表述準確流暢；格式規(guī)范；設(shè)計工藝可行、數(shù)據(jù)可靠、圖表（或圖紙）規(guī)范；有一定的學術(shù)價值或?qū)嵱脙r值。
50
46-50
41-45
36-40
31-35
≤30
設(shè)計報告、講解
思路清晰；概念清楚，重點（創(chuàng)新點）突出；語言表達準確；報告時間、節(jié)奏掌握好。
20
19-20
17-18
15-16
13-14
≤12
答辯情況
回答問題有理有據(jù)，基本概念清楚；主要問題回答準確、有深度。
30
28-30
25-27
22-24
19-21
≤18
- 1 -
Q284.09M7.00B0.31p11.4111.451.50r220.37854.501.00r180.1708W021.38G088.98r150.1376V080.70g01.10p01.37rcmax0.92rc10.40rf10.6012.50g10.69gc10.27gf10.41gw10.731200.00V21200.00V11280.70G1877.28Gc1350.91Gf1526.37W1929.79G2788.30Gf2526.37Gc2261.93W2908.41p21.41rc20.33p32.11p41.61p51.29p2/1.68v2/395.07v354.52v4340.55v5885.63rf30.75rf40.63rc30.25rc40.3733.00g31.67gc30.42gf31.25gw30.44G390.86Gc322.71Gf368.14w324.2342.59g41.00gc40.37gf40.63gw40.61G4339.26Gc4125.53Gf4213.73w4209.37G5447.16Gc5202.67Gf5244.49w5696.18g50.50gc50.23gf50.28gw50.79rc50.45rf50.55v10797.06G10402.45Gc10182.40Gf10220.04w10626.56v1188.56G1144.72Gc1120.27Gf1124.45w1169.62p111.29g110.50Q22107.53Gf220.04G220.11Gc220.07Wq220.17W2222.02V2222.081.50W14161.29V14161.29V21227.77W21208.89G2144.60Gc2120.20Gf2124.41V8289.47G8288.37Gc8106.70Gf8181.67W8177.97V951.08G950.89Gc918.83Gf932.06W931.41p91.61g91.00Q1848.52Gf180.02G180.03Gc180.01Wq180.17W189.94V189.951.50W1372.78V1372.78V17113.92120.433W1794.25100.7572G1750.86Gc1718.8218.82772Gf1732.0432.05801V743.62G772.69Gc718.17Gf754.51W719.39V610.90G618.17Gc64.54Gf613.63W64.85p62.11g61.67Q1539.09Gf150.01G150.01Gc150.00Wq150.13W155.84V155.84W1258.64V1258.64V1663.70W1657.64G1618.16Gc164.54Gf1613.62V080.7069.84854Vdf88.56Vds10.90-45.3383Vdm51.08g01.1024.79953gx1.32gf0.50228.7733gs1.67gm1.00106.0119rc01.00rcx0.05192.6099rcf0.45164rcs0.25rcm0.37Vx106.01106.0119Vp228.77Vw192.61V20228.77Gcp=Gc2052.35Gfp=Gf2063.16Gp=G20115.51Wp=W20179.84G19286.94Gc19130.05Gf19156.89W19446.73V19568.29矸石磁選10.99pI=px2.00rfI0.95gI=gx1.32gwI=gwx0.68GfI13.48GI14.19GcI0.71VI10.72WI7.25GcI3.83GfI0.14GI3.97WI50.39VI52.9720.85p24=px2.00rf240.95g24=gx1.32gw24=gwx0.68Gf240.12G240.12Gc240.01V240.09W240.06G233.84Gc233.82Gf230.02V2352.88W2350.321.00V2410.82G2414.32Gc240.72Gf2413.60W247.32中煤磁選10.99pI=px2.00rfI0.95gI=gx1.32gwIgwx0.68GfI31.74GI33.41GcI1.67VI25.24WI17.08GcI17.16GfI0.30GI17.46WI83.68VI95.1920.85p25=px2.00rf250.95g25=gx1.32gw25=gwx0.68Gf250.26G250.27Gc250.01V250.20W250.14G2617.19Gc2617.14Gf260.05V2694.99W2683.541.00V2525.45G2533.68Gc251.68Gf2532.00W2517.21精煤磁選W29388.72403.30G29160.11160.22Gc2972.5572.61Gf2987.5687.60V29456.55471.1810.99pI=px2.00rfI0.95gI=gx1.32gwIgwx0.68GfI86.73GI91.29GcI4.56VI68.97WI46.66GcI68.05GfI0.88GI68.93WI356.64VI402.2020.85p36=px2.00rf360.95g36=gx1.32gw36=gwx0.68Gf360.74G360.78Gc360.04V360.59W360.40G3768.14Gc3768.01Gf370.13V37401.61W37356.241.00V3669.57G3692.07Gc364.60Gf3687.47W3647.06精煤離心脫水作業(yè)Wq310.07r310.35Q3198.93W317.45G310.01Gc310.01Gf310.00V317.45G300.10Gc300.06Gf300.04W3014.58V3014.63中煤離心脫水作業(yè)Wq280.07r280.16Q2845.61W283.43G280.00Gc280.00Gf280.00V283.43G270.03Gc270.01Gf270.02W276.51V276.52補加介質(zhì)，水V32105.83G32140.07Gc327.00Gf32133.07W3271.59px2.00rfx0.95gx1.32gcx0.07gfx1.26gwx0.68Gx140.31Gcx7.02Gfx133.29Wx71.71G340.00Gc340.00Gf340.00W340.12G330.24Gc330.01Gf330.23W330.00Q284.09G088.97727r1.00(G0+Gc2)/B11.20409入選煤泥量B31.32A泥22.11r精37.85A精9.09r中17.08A中31.04r矸13.76A矸76.51三產(chǎn)品矸石段A3泥42.11r3泥=Gc3*100/Q2.03r315.79A372.09Q344.85精煤段A5泥14.09r5泥18.09r555.94A510.71Q5158.92中煤段A4泥31.44r4泥11.20r428.28A431.20Q480.35弧形篩脫介弧形篩、脫介篩的脫介脫水計算進入矸石段的煤泥最終由15和23兩環(huán)節(jié)帶出，所以r3泥=r15泥+r23泥r15泥0.00 r15泥=GC15泥/（GC15泥+GC23泥）*r3泥r23泥2.03 r23泥=r3泥-r15泥=A1576.51 A15=（A3泥*r15泥+r矸*A矸）/r15=A2342.11 A23=A3泥=r1513.76 r15=r15泥+r矸=進入中煤段的煤泥最終由2628兩環(huán)節(jié)帶出，所以r4泥=r26泥+r28泥r17泥11.20 r17泥=GC17泥/（GC17泥+GC18泥）*r4泥r18泥0.01 r18泥=r4泥-r17泥=r27泥0.01 r27泥=GC27泥/（GC27泥+GC28泥）*r18泥r28泥0.00 r28泥=r18泥-r27泥=r26泥11.20 r26泥=r4泥-r28泥r2612.23 r26=r26泥+r中*6%=r2816.06 r28=r28泥+r中*94%=A2631.42 A26=（0.06*中*A中+26泥*A4泥+r27泥*A4泥）/26=A2831.04 A28=(A中*中*0.94+28泥*A4泥)/28=進入精煤段的煤泥最終由3133兩環(huán)節(jié)帶出，所以r5泥=r31泥+r33泥r10泥16.28 r10泥=GC10泥/（GC10泥+GC11泥）*r5泥r11泥1.81 r11泥=r5泥-r10泥r20泥16.28 r20泥=r10泥r21泥1.80 r21泥=GC21泥/（GC21泥+GC22泥）*r11泥r22泥0.01 r22泥=r11泥-r21泥r32泥0.01 r32泥=GC32泥/（GC32泥+GC33泥）*r22泥r33泥0.00 r33泥=r22泥-r32泥r30泥18.09 r30泥=r20泥+r21泥+r32泥r31泥18.09 r31泥=r30泥r323.03 r32=0.08*r精+r32泥r3121.12 r31=r32+r21泥+r20泥r3334.82 r33=0.92*r精+r33泥A3113.37 A31=（0.08*精*A精+31泥*A5泥）/31=A339.09 A33=(0.92*A精*精+33泥*A5泥)/33=粗煤泥回收計算分級旋流器取底流為入料的55%，則溢流就為45%。旋流器的溢流中為100%的-0.5mm粒級，因而溢流灰分A35A-0.5不帶循環(huán)量 359.50溢流：35=45%*r31=A3514.09 A35=A5泥3611.61底流：36=31*55%=36泥8.59 36泥=31泥-35=A3612.79 A36=（36泥*A5泥+0.08*精*A精）/r36 Q3632.99 Q36=Q036=振動弧形篩脫泥回收率1取55%，375.23篩下物：37=36*45%=A3714.09 A37=A5泥Q3714.85 Q37=Q037=386.39篩上物：38=36-37=A3811.72 A38=（A36*r36-A37*r37）/r38=Q3818.15 Q38=Q038=離心機入料為振動弧形篩的篩下物，產(chǎn)品灰分比入料低12%取1.5%,且入料中有90%進入產(chǎn)品中。405.75底流：40=38*90%=A4010.22 A40=A38-1.5=Q4016.33 Q40=Q040=390.64溢流：39=38-40=A3925.22 A39=（A38*r38-A40*r40）/r39=Q391.81 Q39=Q039=帶入循環(huán)物后(分級旋流器)3515.37溢流：35=r31-r40=A3514.55 A35=(A31*r31+A37*r37+A39*r39-A36*r36)/r35 Q3543.66 Q35=Q035=浮選的計算由于缺乏浮選試驗資料，取浮選精產(chǎn)率為0=78%,灰分Ad0=10.5%4715.37入料：4735=6.22%A4714.55 A47A3516.39%Q4743.66 Q47=Q047=21.21 t/h4911.99浮選精煤：494704.85%A4910.50 A4910.50%Q4934.05 Q49=Q049=16.54 t/h483.38浮選尾煤：4847-49=1.37%A4828.92 A48=（A4747-49A49）/4837.27%Q489.60 Q48=Q048=4.67 t/h過濾作業(yè)計算 為了簡化計算假設(shè)濾液中的固體物含量為05111.99濾餅：51494.85%A5110.50 A51=A49=10.50%Q5134.05 Q51=Q49=16.54=/h 500.00濾液：50=0.00%A500.00 A50=0.00%Q500.00 Q50=0.00%尾煤濃縮計算作業(yè)計算為了簡化計算假設(shè)溢流中的固體物含量為05317.63入料：5350+48+26+238.91%A5332.17 A53（50A50+48 A48+26A26+r23*A23）/5341.29=%Q5350.10 Q53=Q053=25.30 t/h540.00溢流：54=0.00%A540.00 A54=0.00%Q540.00 Q54=0.00 t/h5217.63底流：52=53=8.91%A5232.17 A52=A53=41.29%Q5250.10 Q52=Q53=25.30/h 尾煤壓濾作業(yè)計算為了簡化計算假設(shè)濾液中的固體物含量為05517.63濾餅：55=52=8.91%A5532.17 A55=A52=41.29%Q5550.10 Q55=Q52=25.30t/h560.00濾液：56=0.00%A560.00 A56=0.00%Q560.00 Q56=0.00 t/h最終精煤數(shù)、質(zhì)量計算52.56 33+40+5141.58%A9.54 A（33A33+40 A40+51 A51）/9.49%Q149.31 Q=Q0=118.11 t/h7.1.3水量流程的計算W31=356.24分選作業(yè)系統(tǒng)的水量流程計算在介質(zhì)流程中已計算過，現(xiàn)從粗煤泥開始計算水量流程。1）分級旋流器不帶入循環(huán)量W36=79.16底流：W36=W31/（1+5*0.7）=W355277.08溢流：W35=W31-W36=1)振動弧形篩 取篩上物水分為28%，則：W38=7.06 W38=（Q3828%）/（100%-28%）8.98 m3/hW37=72.11篩下物W37=W36-W38208.20 m3/h2)粗煤泥離心機回收產(chǎn)品水分按7%計算，則：W40=1.23底流：W40=（Q407%）/（100%-7%）1.56 m3/hW39=5.83溢流：W39=W38-W407.42 m3/hW35=355.01分級旋流器溢流：W35=W31-W40=3)浮選作業(yè)計算W47=355.01入料水量：W47=W35=215.62 m3/h 設(shè)泡沫精煤的液固比為3.0，則：W49=102.16 W49=Q493.049.62 m3/hW48=252.85浮選尾煤中水量 W48=W47-W49=165.99 m3/h 4)過濾作業(yè)計算設(shè)精煤濾餅水分為18%，則濾餅帶走水量：W51=7.48 W51=（Q5118%）/（100%-18%）5.22m3/hW50=94.68濾液水量：W50=W49-W5144.40 m3/h5)尾煤濃縮作業(yè)計算W53=481.40入料水量：W53=W23+W26+W48+W50 =355.52 m3/h 設(shè)底流液固比為1.5，則：W52=75.15底流：W52=Q521.537.95m3/hW54=406.26溢流水量：W54=W53-W52317.57 m3/h6)壓濾作業(yè)計算設(shè)濾餅水分為22%，則濾餅帶走水量：W55=14.13 W55=（Q5522%）/（100%-22%）7.14 m3/hW56=61.02溢流水量：W56=W52-W5530.82m3/h進入系統(tǒng)排出系統(tǒng)差額項目進入排出的循環(huán)懸浮液差額項目水量消耗介質(zhì)消耗項目帶走帶入差額r1711.20r1817.09r162.03弧形篩、脫介篩的脫介脫水計算進入矸石段的煤泥最終由15和23兩環(huán)節(jié)帶出，所以r3泥=r15泥+r23泥 r15泥=GC15泥/（GC15泥+GC23泥）*r3泥 r23泥=r3泥-r15泥=A15=（A3泥*r15泥+r矸*A矸）/r15=A23=A3泥=r15=r15泥+r矸=進入中煤段的煤泥最終由2628兩環(huán)節(jié)帶出，所以r4泥=r26泥+r28泥 r17泥=GC17泥/（GC17泥+GC18泥）*r4泥 r18泥=r4泥-r17泥=r27泥=GC27泥/（GC27泥+GC28泥）*r18泥 r28泥=r18泥-r27泥=r26泥=r4泥-r28泥r271.03r2816.06r1016.28r1139.66r211.80r2237.86r190r2016.28r3021.12 r26=r26泥+r中*6%=r28=r28泥+r中*94%=A26=（0.06*中*A中+26泥*A4泥+r27泥*A4泥）/26=A28=(A中*中*0.94+28泥*A4泥)/28=進入精煤段的煤泥最終由3133兩環(huán)節(jié)帶出，所以r5泥=r31泥+r33泥 r10泥=GC10泥/（GC10泥+GC11泥）*r5泥 r11泥=r5泥-r10泥 r20泥=r10泥 r21泥=GC21泥/（GC21泥+GC22泥）*r11泥 r22泥=r11泥-r21泥 r32泥=GC32泥/（GC32泥+GC33泥）*r22泥 r33泥=r22泥-r32泥 r30泥=r20泥+r21泥+r32泥 r31泥=r30泥 r32=0.08*r精+r32泥 r31=r32+r21泥+r20泥 r33=0.92*r精+r33泥 A31=（0.08*精*A精+31泥*A5泥）/31=A33=(0.92*A精*精+33泥*A5泥)/33=粗煤泥回收計算分級旋流器取底流為入料的55%，則溢流就為45%。旋流器的溢流中為100%的-0.5mm粒級，因而溢流灰分A35A-0.5不帶循環(huán)量 溢流：35=45%*r31=A35=A5泥底流：36=31*55%=36泥=31泥-35=A36=（36泥*A5泥+0.08*精*A精）/r36 Q36=Q036=振動弧形篩脫泥回收率1取55%，篩下物：37=36*45%=A37=A5泥 Q37=Q037=篩上物：38=36-37=A38=（A36*r36-A37*r37）/r38=Q38=Q038=離心機入料為振動弧形篩的篩下物，產(chǎn)品灰分比入料低12%取1.5%,且入料中有90%進入產(chǎn)品中。底流：40=38*90%=A40=A38-1.5=Q40=Q040=溢流：39=38-40=A39=（A38*r38-A40*r40）/r39=Q39=Q039=帶入循環(huán)物后(分級旋流器)溢流：35=r31-r40=A35=(A31*r31+A37*r37+A39*r39-A36*r36)/r35 Q35=Q035=浮選的計算由于缺乏浮選試驗資料，取浮選精產(chǎn)率為0=78%,灰分Ad0=10.5%產(chǎn)品名稱數(shù)量 產(chǎn)率,%精煤重選精煤34.82離心精煤5.75浮選精煤11.99小計52.56中煤重選中煤16.06浮選尾煤17.63小計33.69 矸石13.76 原煤100.00入料：4735=6.22%A47A3516.39%Q47=Q047=21.21 t/h浮選精煤：494704.85%A4910.50%Q49=Q049=16.54 t/h浮選尾煤：4847-49=1.37%A48=（A4747-49A49）/4837.27%Q48=Q048=4.67 t/h過濾作業(yè)計算 為了簡化計算假設(shè)濾液中的固體物含量為0濾餅：51494.85%A51=A49=10.50%Q51=Q49=16.54=/h 濾液：50=0.00%A50=0.00%Q50=0.00%尾煤濃縮計算作業(yè)計算為了簡化計算假設(shè)溢流中的固體物含量為0入料：5350+48+26+238.91%A53（50A50+48 A48+26A26+r23*A23）/5341.29=%Q53=Q053=25.30 t/h溢流：54=0.00%A54=0.00%Q54=0.00 t/h底流：52=53=8.91%A52=A53=41.29%Q52=Q53=25.30/h 尾煤壓濾作業(yè)計算為了簡化計算假設(shè)濾液中的固體物含量為0濾餅：55=52=8.91%A55=A52=41.29%Q55=Q52=25.30t/h濾液：56=0.00%A56=0.00%Q56=0.00 t/h最終精煤數(shù)、質(zhì)量計算 33+40+5141.58%A（33A33+40 A40+51 A51）/9.49%Q=Q0=118.11 t/h7.1.3水量流程的計算分選作業(yè)系統(tǒng)的水量流程計算在介質(zhì)流程中已計算過，現(xiàn)從粗煤泥開始計算水量流程。1）分級旋流器不帶入循環(huán)量底流：W36=W31/（1+5*0.7）=溢流：W35=W31-W36=1)振動弧形篩 取篩上物水分為28%，則：W38=（Q3828%）/（100%-28%）8.98 m3/h篩下物W37=W36-W38208.20 m3/h2)粗煤泥離心機回收產(chǎn)品水分按7%計算，則：底流：W40=（Q407%）/（100%-7%）1.56 m3/h溢流：W39=W38-W407.42 m3/h分級旋流器溢流：W35=W31-W40=3)浮選作業(yè)計算入料水量：W47=W35=215.62 m3/h 設(shè)泡沫精煤的液固比為3.0，則：W49=Q493.049.62 m3/h浮選尾煤中水量 W48=W47-W49=165.99 m3/h 4)過濾作業(yè)計算設(shè)精煤濾餅水分為18%，則濾餅帶走水量：W51=（Q5118%）/（100%-18%）5.22m3/h濾液水量：W50=W49-W5144.40 m3/h5)尾煤濃縮作業(yè)計算入料水量：W53=W23+W26+W48+W50 =355.52 m3/h 設(shè)底流液固比為1.5，則：底流：W52=Q521.537.95m3/h溢流水量：W54=W53-W52317.57 m3/h6)壓濾作業(yè)計算設(shè)濾餅水分為22%，則濾餅帶走水量：W55=（Q5522%）/（100%-22%）7.14 m3/h溢流水量：W56=W52-W5530.82m3/h各項指標G(t/h)Gc(t/h)Gf(t/h)W(t/h)入料帶入煤泥水 88.9888.980.0021.38脫介用循環(huán)水0.000.000.00292.71脫介用清水 0.000.000.000.00稀釋用水0.000.000.000.12補充水0.000.000.00192.61補加新介質(zhì) 0.240.010.230.00合計89.2288.990.23506.83精煤產(chǎn)品帶走0.010.010.007.45中煤產(chǎn)品帶走0.000.000.003.43矸石產(chǎn)品帶走0.010.000.015.84磁選尾礦帶走89.1888.980.20490.11合計89.2088.990.21506.830.020.000.020.00各項指標V(m3/h)G(t/h)Gc(t/h)Gf(t/h)W(m3/h)精煤脫介返回合格介質(zhì)桶568.29286.94130.05156.89446.73中煤脫介返回合格介質(zhì)桶289.47288.37106.70181.67177.97矸石脫介返回合格介質(zhì)桶43.6272.6918.1754.5119.39補加濃介質(zhì)106.01140.317.02133.2971.71補充清水 192.610.000.000.00192.61合計1200.00788.30261.94526.37908.411200.00788.30261.93526.37908.410.000.000.000.000.00總消耗量(t/h)噸原煤消耗量(kg/t)循環(huán)水292.711030.35項目排出的循環(huán)懸浮液差額項目清水0.000.00合計292.711030.35產(chǎn)品帶走0.020.09磁選尾礦帶走0.220.76合計0.240.85煤泥量(t/h)精煤0.01中煤0.00矸石0.01磁選尾礦89.18合計89.21入料帶入88.98補加介質(zhì)帶入0.24合計89.210.00項目差額灰分,%水分/%t/ht/dwt/a98.931582.8552.239.09716.33261.328.6210.222234.05544.8517.9810.5018149.312389.0178.849.5411.245.61729.8124.0831.04750.10801.5726.4532.172295.711531.3850.5431.639.539.09625.5220.6476.5113284.094545.45150.0026.2010.3數(shù)量527.912506.8297-13最終水量平衡表選煤過程用水用水量（米3/時）選煤過程排水用水量（米3/時）原煤帶入水量21.38損失水精煤帶走16.15循環(huán)水脫介用水 292.71中煤帶走3.43補充循環(huán)水 174.56矸石帶走5.84煤泥帶走14.13小計467.27小計39.55清水補加清水18.05返回水濃縮機溢流 406.26稀釋用水0.12壓濾機溢流 61.02小計39.55小計467.27總用水量506.83總排水量506.83FROTH FLOTATION
Introduction
Flotation is undoubtedly the most important and versatile mineral-processing technique, and both use and application are being expanded to treat greater tonnages and to cover new areas.
Originally patented in 1906,flotation has permitted the mining of low-grade and complex ore bodies which would have otherwise been regarded as uneconomic. In earlier practice the tailings of many gravity plants were of a higher grade than the ore treated in many modern flotation plants.
Flotation is a selective process and can be used to achieve specific separations from complex ores such as lead-zinc, copper-zinc, etc. Initially developed to treat the sulphides of copper, lead, and zinc, the field of flotation has now expanded to include the oxidized minerals and nonmetallic, including-fine coal.
Principles of Flotation
The theory of froth flotation is complex and is not completely understood. The subject has been reviewed comprehensively by Klassen and Mokrousov and by Glembotskii et al. and will only be briefly dealt with here.
Froth flotation utilizes the differences in physic-chemical surface properties of particles of various minerals. After treatment with reagents, such differences in surface properties between the minerals within the flotation pulp become apparent and, for flotation to take place, an air-bubble must be able to attach itself to a particle, and lift it to the water surface (Fig.12.1). The process can only be applied to relatively fine particles, as if they are too large the adhesion between the particle and the bubble will be less than the particle weight and the bubble will therefore drop its load.
In flotation concentration, the mineral is usually transferred to the forth, or float fraction, leaving the gangue in the pulp or tailing. This is direct flotation as opposed to reverse flotation, in which the gangue is separated into the float fraction.
The air-bubbles can only stick to the mineral particles if they can displace water from the mineral surface, which can only happen if the mineral is to some extent water repllent or hydrophobic. Having reached the surface, the air-bubbles can only continue to support the mineral particles if they can form a stable forth, otherwise they will burst and drop the mineral particles. To achieve these conditions it is necessary to use the numerous chemical reagents known as flotation reagents.
The activity of a mineral surface in relation to flotation reagents in water depends on the forces which operate on that surface. The forces tending to separate a particle and a bubble are shown in Fig.12.2. The tensile forces lead to the development of an angle between the mineral surface and the bubble surface. At equilibrium,
γS/A=γS/W+γW/Acosθ
FROTH FLOTATION
Collectors
All minerals are classified into non-polar, or polar types according to their surface characteristics. The surfaces of non-polar minerals are characterized by relatively weak molecular bonds. The minerals are composed of covalent molecules held together by van der Waals forces, and the non-polar surfaces do not readily attach to the water dipoles, and in consequence are hydrophobic. Minerals of this type, such as graphite, sulphur, molybdenite, diamond, coal, and talc, thus have high natural floatabilities with contact angles of between 60 and 90. Although it is possible to float these minerals without the aid of chemical agents, it is universal to increase their hydrophobicity by the addition of hydrocarbon oils or frothing agents. Creosote, for example, is widely used to increase the floatability of coal. Use is made of the natural hydrophobicity of diamond in grease tabling, a classical method of diamond recovery which is still used in many plants. The pre-concentrated diamond ore slurry is passed over inclined vibrating tables, which are covered in a thick layer of petroleum grease. The diamonds are attracted to and become embedded in the grease because of their water-repellency, while the water-wetted gangue particles are washed off the table. The grease is skimmed off the table either periodically, or continuously, and placed in perforated pots(Fig.12.3), which are immersed in boiling water. The grease melts, and runs out through the perforations, and is collected and re-used, while the pot containing the diamonds is transported to the diamond-sorting section.
Minerals with strong covalent or jonic surface bonding are known as polar types, and exhibit high free energy values at the polar surface. The polar surfaces, react strongly with water molecules, and these minerals are naturally hydrophilic.
The polar group of minerals have been subdivided into various classes depending on the magnitude of polarity, which increases from groups 1 to 5(Table 12.1)Minerals in group 3 have similar degrees of polarity, but those in group3(a) can be rendered hydrophobic by sulphidisation of the mineral surface in an alkaline aqueous medium. Apart from the native metals, the minerals in group 1 are all sulphides, which are only weakly polar due to their covalent bonding, which is relatively weak compared to the ionic bonding of the carbonate and sulphate minerals. In general, therefore, the degree of polarity increases from sulphide minerals, through where γS/A, γS/W and γW/A are the surface energies between solid-air, solid-water and water-air, respectively, and θ is the contact angle between the mineral surface and the bubble.
The force required to break the particle-bubble interface is called the work of adhesion, WS/A and is equal to the work required to separate the solid-air interface and produce separate air-water and solid-water interfaces, i.e.
WS/A=γW/A+γS/W-γS/A
Combining with equation(12.1)gives
WS/A=γW/A(1-cosθ)
It can be seen that the greater the contact angle the greater is the work of adhesion between particle and bubble and the more resilient the system is to disruptive forces. The ftbatability of a mineral therefore increases with the contact angle; minerals with a high contact angle are said to be aerophilic, i.e. they have a higher affinity for air than for water. Most minerals are not water repellent in their natural state and flotation reagents must be added to the pulp. The most important reagents are the collectors, which adsorb on mineral surfaces, rendering them hydrophobic (or aerophilic) and facilitating bubble attachment. The frothers help maintain a reasonably stable froth. Regulators are used to control the flotation process; these either activate or depress mineral attachment to air-bubble and are also used to control the pH of the system.
浮 選
引言
浮選無疑是最重要和最廣泛的選礦技術(shù)，以及這種方法的使用和應用正在不斷擴大，以更好的用途與加工方法，來開拓新的領(lǐng)域。
最初的專利產(chǎn)生于1906年，浮選允許開采低品位復雜礦體但是這使得其被視為不經(jīng)濟的方法。那是以往的想法。尾礦中有許多由植物轉(zhuǎn)變的更高品位的礦石，所以許多現(xiàn)代浮選廠就被開設(shè)起來。
浮選是一個選擇性的過程，可用于實現(xiàn)具體的分離從復雜的礦石如鉛，鋅，銅，鋅等初步形成加工過的硫化物的銅，鉛，鋅，浮選領(lǐng)域現(xiàn)已擴大到包括氧化礦物和非金屬，包括精細煤。
浮選原理
浮選理論是復雜的，不能完全解釋。這個問題已全面討論過的克拉森、莫科盧瑟弗和克萊姆布特斯克等，只簡單地處理了這里。
浮選采用了不同的理化性能的粒子表面的各種礦物質(zhì)。浮選用試劑，這種在表面性能之間存在差異的礦物在浮選礦漿內(nèi)變得明顯，并發(fā)生浮選，空氣泡沫必須能夠帶動附著在自己表面的粒子，并使其在水面形成泡沫層（圖.12.1 ）。
這個過程只適用于比較細的顆粒，因為如果他們過于龐大，粒子粘附在泡沫上的重量大于泡沫能夠承受的負荷的話泡沫就會無法上升。
浮選濃度，礦物通常轉(zhuǎn)移到第四，或固液比例，使煤矸石在礦漿中形成尾礦。這是直接浮選，而不是反浮選，其中煤矸石分為浮選尾礦。
空氣泡沫使得疏水的礦粒脫離水而附著在空氣表面，而這只能取決于礦物的親水性和疏水性。到達泡沫層，空氣氣泡能繼續(xù)支持礦物顆粒直到他們能夠形成穩(wěn)定的泡沫層，否則將會破裂使附著的礦物顆粒又回落到礦漿中。
為了實現(xiàn)這些條件，有必要使用大量化學試劑稱為浮選藥劑。
這個過程的礦物表面與浮選藥劑在水中的作用效果都是作用在礦粒表面，單獨粒子和泡沫中顯示如圖（Fig.12.2 ）。拉伸力量導致拉伸的角度使礦物與氣泡表面拉力平衡，
γS/A=γS/W+γW/Acosθ
浮選
捕收劑
所有礦物分為非極性或極性是根據(jù)其表面特性。表面非極性礦物的特點是相對比較弱的分子量。礦物組成，共價分子總共的范德華力，和非極性表面不容易吸引水偶極子，并因此具有疏水性。
這種類型的礦物，如石墨，硫磺，輝鉬礦，金剛石，煤，滑石，從而具有較高的自然浮選能力而且接觸角在60到90之間。雖然是有可能的浮選，但這些礦物有化學制劑的援助，這是為了增加其疏水性，增加碳氫油類或起泡劑。
木餾油，例如，被廣泛用于增加浮煤。使用的天然鉆石的疏水性油脂出臺，一個經(jīng)典方法鉆石的發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然是使用在許多植物中。集中金剛石礦泥漿是通過傾斜振動篩，這是覆蓋著一層厚厚的石油潤滑脂。這些鉆石石油潤滑脂，并成為中嵌入油脂，因為它們有疏水性，而水浸濕煤矸石顆粒。油脂是脫脂定期或不斷，并放置在穿孔盆（ Fig.12.3 ） ，這是沉浸在沸騰的水中進行。油脂融化，并運行通過穿孔，并收集和再利用，而鍋含有鉆石的物質(zhì)被運送到鉆石排料部分。
礦物強烈結(jié)合的表面共價鍵被稱為極性共價鍵，在能源價值高的極地表面。極地表面，作出強烈的反應與水分子，這些礦物質(zhì)是親水性。
極地礦物群已分為各類不同的規(guī)模的極性，從而增加從群體1至5 （表12.1 ）礦物在第3組也有類似程度的極性，但那些在組3可以使疏水性由生硫化物的礦物表面在堿性水溶液中。除了本地金屬，
礦物在第1組都是金屬硫化物，這時分子間力極弱，由于其共價鍵，這是相對比較弱的離子鍵的碳酸鹽和硫酸鹽礦物。因此，總的說來，極性程度增加從硫化礦物，
通過在γS /A年， γS / W及γW /A是固體表面能之間的關(guān)系，固態(tài)水和水氣，分別是與θ之間的接觸角和礦物表面的泡沫。式子中所需中斷粒子泡沫接口是被稱為粘附的工作，是WS/A和平等的工作需要單獨的固體空中接口并產(chǎn)生不同的水氣和固體水界面，即
WS/A=γW/A+γS/W-γS/A
結(jié)合方程（ 12.1 ）得知
WS/A=γW/A(1-cosθ)
可以看出，更多的接觸角較大的工作面是粘附粒子和氣泡以及更具彈性的系統(tǒng)，憑借強大的分子間力。油這種性質(zhì)的礦產(chǎn)因此增加，接觸角;礦物高接觸角被認為需要氣體的 ，也就是說，它們對空氣的親和力比水的更高。
大多數(shù)礦產(chǎn)不親水的自然狀態(tài)和浮選藥劑必須添加到礦漿。最重要的試劑是捕收劑，其中的礦物表面吸附，使它們的疏水性 （或需要氣體的）和促進泡沫附著。該過程有助維持一個相當穩(wěn)定的泡沫。穩(wěn)壓器是用來控制浮選工藝;這些要么激活或抑制礦粒附著氣泡，也可用來控制pH值的系統(tǒng)。