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使用三維集成設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)在智能變電站的設(shè)計(jì)
文摘
傳統(tǒng)的電力設(shè)計(jì)、施工,已經(jīng)能夠滿足需求,但它還沒有建立工程數(shù)據(jù)庫支持的數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)之間的相關(guān)性差,由于設(shè)計(jì)人員之間的協(xié)調(diào)不足,容易導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤,設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域的問題,和設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果失敗項(xiàng)目的所有方面充分的利用。三維集成設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)滲透在各行各業(yè),引入三維集成設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)變電站設(shè)計(jì)的解決方案和應(yīng)用程序的常見設(shè)備近年來,國家電網(wǎng)公司提供技術(shù)條件的應(yīng)用虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在變電站設(shè)計(jì)。變電站項(xiàng)目的根據(jù)自己的特點(diǎn),我們提出了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)在變電站設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用前景。
關(guān)鍵詞:數(shù)據(jù)庫;變電站設(shè)計(jì);虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù);3D集成
1.介紹
與信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,三維設(shè)計(jì)已成為發(fā)展的必然趨勢和普遍需求在未來電力工程設(shè)計(jì)[1]。為核心的數(shù)字智能變電站三維模型必須通過全功能的三維集成應(yīng)用智能三維設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng),智能變電站的應(yīng)用程序,基于該模型的主要線路和配電系統(tǒng)的通用設(shè)計(jì)在國家電網(wǎng)公司,并根據(jù)適當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇通用的工程設(shè)計(jì),適當(dāng)調(diào)整在主接線根據(jù)項(xiàng)目大小,然后選擇線的方向和停止門出口位置調(diào)整設(shè)備類型和相關(guān)工程設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)根據(jù)國家電網(wǎng)公司常見的設(shè)備接口允許設(shè)計(jì)師,自動(dòng)生成間隔電氣配電裝置的截面圖和平面圖的總體布局。并且它可以能夠檢查設(shè)備的安全性并計(jì)算機(jī)械線防雷和接地設(shè)計(jì)、設(shè)備、材料和其他統(tǒng)計(jì)工作。變電站空間、設(shè)備、配件、附件的類型、大小、間距、和其他信息可以存儲(chǔ)在模型程序通過使用數(shù)字技術(shù),變電站、直觀和簡單的可以直接引用和修改圖形界面[2]。圖形和數(shù)據(jù)庫長期聯(lián)系,計(jì)劃,截面,安裝圖紙,材料清單,提及擁有連鎖圖的所有修改都確保工程設(shè)計(jì)的一致性。
目前,變電所設(shè)計(jì)使用AUTOCAD的二維圖形平臺(tái)基本上,它是在計(jì)算機(jī)輔助起草階段,缺乏專業(yè)的軟件,圖形的工作負(fù)載很重,重復(fù)的工作有很多。修改相關(guān)的內(nèi)容不能鏈接,否則會(huì)容易出錯(cuò)。和它不能達(dá)到相關(guān)專業(yè)的計(jì)算和校驗(yàn)和,所需設(shè)備和材料人工統(tǒng)計(jì),民間庫存數(shù)據(jù)和圖紙完成手工繪制的圖表。
2、項(xiàng)目的理論和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)
2.1、簡要原理描述項(xiàng)目的研究內(nèi)容
數(shù)字化變電站的對(duì)象主要是通過三維設(shè)計(jì)管理系統(tǒng),三維設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)是基于數(shù)據(jù)庫,反映現(xiàn)實(shí)和邏輯關(guān)系的變電站在3d,2d或1d形式,所有數(shù)據(jù),表映射數(shù)據(jù)庫數(shù)據(jù)、圖表和數(shù)據(jù)是一致的。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)變電站的建設(shè)和運(yùn)營效率的管理過程中,每個(gè)階段的變電站的所有信息將統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃從設(shè)計(jì)、采購、制造、施工、調(diào)試、運(yùn)行、維護(hù)退役,被保存在一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)倉庫凌亂地。實(shí)現(xiàn)建立這樣一個(gè)大型數(shù)據(jù)庫在設(shè)計(jì)階段,我們必須依靠全面、高效的三維系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和高度集成的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)。
三維集成設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)有能力建立變電站生命周期信息平臺(tái),可以為業(yè)主提供一個(gè)數(shù)字變電站,基本工作如下。
1)建立統(tǒng)一的識(shí)別系統(tǒng)在項(xiàng)目的開始,開始設(shè)計(jì)到數(shù)據(jù)倉庫平臺(tái),從工程公司和工程公司的信息有效地傳遞給適當(dāng)?shù)牟少?、建筑業(yè),最終操作和維護(hù)。
2)變電站設(shè)計(jì)基于三維設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)為核心的設(shè)計(jì)手段,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)字化變電站技術(shù)的協(xié)同設(shè)計(jì),確保在正確的時(shí)間,正確的地點(diǎn),正確的信息。
3)使用集成合作項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì),有效控制版本和相應(yīng)的工作流程,集中控制和管理的技術(shù)文檔和發(fā)布圖紙和升級(jí),使設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)和成就完整統(tǒng)一的中央數(shù)據(jù)庫。
4)安排現(xiàn)場和現(xiàn)場施工和安裝,調(diào)試,和集中管理的質(zhì)量控制信息通過整合所有的業(yè)主和承包商變電站項(xiàng)目管理和運(yùn)營管理系統(tǒng),形成最終的數(shù)字變電站,數(shù)字和知識(shí)管理。
5)項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)展,我們將繼續(xù)積累數(shù)據(jù),保持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的一致性,建立一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的模型、數(shù)據(jù)、圖紙、文件。項(xiàng)目完成后,老板終于可以提交包含變電站運(yùn)行和維護(hù)所需的數(shù)據(jù)未來變電站的運(yùn)行,數(shù)字化變電站維護(hù)管理。
2.2、三維數(shù)字化變電站的實(shí)際基礎(chǔ)
三維數(shù)字化變電站特定應(yīng)用程序可分為三個(gè)階段。在設(shè)計(jì)階段,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)三維模型與一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的組合信息的文件,形成一個(gè)完整的三維可視化的植物信息系統(tǒng)。它需要太多的信息,比如一個(gè)集成的三維模型大量設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的一維及二維設(shè)計(jì)信息,材料、成品、建筑和必要的信息的操作和維護(hù)。在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施期間,業(yè)主和建設(shè)單位使用三維模型來查詢設(shè)計(jì)信息和直接提取庫存各種設(shè)計(jì)圖紙、設(shè)備和材料鏈接模型,提供詳細(xì)的采購信息采購系統(tǒng)和模擬施工進(jìn)度的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和改革取消預(yù)留空間,直觀的三維模型來指導(dǎo)施工,提供視覺設(shè)計(jì)通信服務(wù)通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)遠(yuǎn)程施工現(xiàn)場。
生產(chǎn)來看,業(yè)主提供了一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目模板通過企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)倉庫、變電站的工程信息統(tǒng)一設(shè)置在界面的設(shè)計(jì)和管理,情報(bào)關(guān)系所有圖紙,設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容看,圖紙編號(hào)自動(dòng)生成根據(jù)卷,自動(dòng)生成工程材料匯總表,卷目錄。查詢信息的不同階段的核心系統(tǒng),3d模型和數(shù)據(jù)庫,輔助運(yùn)行操作、維護(hù)和操作的輔助數(shù)據(jù)維護(hù)、文件管理、培訓(xùn)人員,等等。項(xiàng)目工作流如圖1。
三維模型能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算生成數(shù)字模型施工圖紙[3]。軟件不僅可以體現(xiàn)真正的變電站場景通過三個(gè)維度和穆夫提的角度,使所有的設(shè)備,電線和結(jié)構(gòu)作為普通打印的特殊關(guān)系,但也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的防雷檢測,精確的材料統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)在三維模型。此外,為了更好地理解設(shè)計(jì)意圖和設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)勢,您可以使用三維動(dòng)畫在變電站報(bào)告設(shè)計(jì)、三維視覺充分反映項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)。變電站要求和數(shù)字傳輸三維設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用程序提供簡單的查詢和檢索信息通過一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁瀏覽器。三維變電站能看到現(xiàn)實(shí)的虛擬維度模型,所有工程圖紙和文件,所有的工程數(shù)據(jù),只需點(diǎn)擊模型。它可以分散在水自動(dòng)訪問文件數(shù)據(jù)。甚至不需要運(yùn)行在一個(gè)研究所,建筑工地,現(xiàn)場檢查運(yùn)行,日志網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以查看實(shí)時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度,施工進(jìn)度,和采購狀態(tài),調(diào)試參數(shù),設(shè)備的實(shí)際運(yùn)行狀態(tài)和注釋注釋直接在模型上。項(xiàng)目過程如圖2。
3、研究內(nèi)容和實(shí)施方案
三維的圖形技術(shù)占很大一部分的現(xiàn)實(shí)。如何將真實(shí)的視覺體驗(yàn)數(shù)字空間?關(guān)鍵是如何模擬所有的表面在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中,這是材料,其中包括照明計(jì)算,圖形等紋理混合通過設(shè)置紋理層輸入和操作,可以使用的輸出作為下一層的輸入,也可以作為最終的結(jié)果,在她的節(jié)目。
兩個(gè)API的3d硬件,開放GL和Direct3D固定渲染管道,管道。等數(shù)據(jù)的垂直位置,正常,紋理坐標(biāo)等將提供管道,然后定義光源(4、5),你可以得到一個(gè)呈現(xiàn)的形象。在這個(gè)特定的呈現(xiàn)過程,程序設(shè)計(jì)師沒有辦法控制。從直接X 8和開放GL擴(kuò)展,引入了可編程特性的渲染管道,圖形硬件開始支持可編程特性,以便開發(fā)人員可以編寫一個(gè)小程序并運(yùn)行它在顯卡控制呈現(xiàn)過程。圖形硬件的功能是由管排列功能單位為兩個(gè)可編程單元:頂點(diǎn)單元和像素單元。通過編程對(duì)頂點(diǎn)單元和像素單元,不僅可以優(yōu)化算法,但也不能完成最初實(shí)現(xiàn)功能,如分發(fā)負(fù)載頂點(diǎn)之間的管道和像素管道承載能力;通過自定義算法,改進(jìn)算法固定功能,甚至完全創(chuàng)建原始算法。在微軟直接X,這段程序代碼稱為著色器。事實(shí)上,開展得熱火朝天(渲染或陰影)項(xiàng)目的操作3d對(duì)象的能力,并可以由GPU執(zhí)行的。通過這些項(xiàng)目,程序員可以得到他們想要的3d圖形的影響最大。一個(gè)3d場景通常包含多個(gè)著色器。其中一些著色器的負(fù)責(zé)處理3d物體表面,和一些負(fù)責(zé)處理緩存的暫時(shí)的屏幕對(duì)象。有兩種類型的著色器的,一個(gè)是峰值水平,被稱為頂點(diǎn)著色器,代替固定照明部分渲染管道,程序員可以控制頂點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換、照明、等等。硬件單元處理頂點(diǎn)鯡魚漿果稱為頂點(diǎn)著色器的處理器(頂點(diǎn)處理單元)。另一個(gè)是進(jìn)行像素級(jí)稱為像素陰影,它可以取代光柵節(jié)固定渲染管道。程序員可以控制像素顏色和紋理采樣。處理像素著色器的硬件單元稱為像素著色器的處理器(s-pixel處理單元)。在直接X 9段著色器,專業(yè)編輯和編程語言介紹高水平著色器的語言(HLSL:高級(jí)著色語言)。同時(shí),介紹了文件格式保存代碼獨(dú)立:文件格式。修復(fù)程序獨(dú)立于程序,這樣用戶可以改變不同的修復(fù)文件,輕松提高程序的視覺效果或重新編譯你的程序?？删幊烫匦砸氤尸F(xiàn)的過程是一個(gè)革命實(shí)時(shí)呈現(xiàn),這給開發(fā)人員更多的創(chuàng)作自由,所以用戶可以創(chuàng)建更好的效果。在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中,我們使用著色器的定義材料模型,一方面,這個(gè)改進(jìn)照明算法和優(yōu)化型紋理混和,另一方面,這種支持修改材料容易在未來的結(jié)果。
程序采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)。模塊獨(dú)立于彼此。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的參數(shù)用于傳遞數(shù)據(jù)。一方面這可以幫助保持一個(gè)清晰的結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)也便于修改和維護(hù)。模塊設(shè)計(jì)流程設(shè)計(jì)可以分為數(shù)據(jù)模塊設(shè)計(jì)、菜單模塊設(shè)計(jì)、交互式動(dòng)畫模塊設(shè)計(jì)。數(shù)據(jù)模塊設(shè)計(jì)主要考慮紋理處理,模型制作,按照目標(biāo)硬件配置,設(shè)置格式和分辨率的紋理,控制多邊形的總數(shù),對(duì)多邊形預(yù)算分配,總模型數(shù)據(jù)格式和結(jié)構(gòu)。設(shè)計(jì)菜單模塊的目的是減少使用的困難,專注于用戶體驗(yàn)。在交互式動(dòng)畫模塊設(shè)計(jì),算法效率不是必需的,但是你應(yīng)該盡量保持一個(gè)清晰的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)來減輕維護(hù)。
[1]典型工程圖書館管理
軟件使用一個(gè)大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)庫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的設(shè)計(jì)典型的通用設(shè)計(jì)工程,常用的數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)備制造商,備用庫、設(shè)備和其他典型的集中管理,方便搜索和下載,并確保數(shù)據(jù)庫的安全通過權(quán)限設(shè)置。同時(shí)平臺(tái)數(shù)據(jù)庫是開放網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成員。成員可以同時(shí)擴(kuò)大開放設(shè)備數(shù)據(jù)庫。大量的圖形設(shè)備參數(shù)對(duì)設(shè)備存儲(chǔ)在設(shè)備庫。通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理和權(quán)限機(jī)制,數(shù)字設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和流程管理將會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
[2]設(shè)備的三維參數(shù)化建模
通過平臺(tái)獨(dú)特的參數(shù)化三維設(shè)備模型,只要輸入的關(guān)鍵參數(shù),您將生成一個(gè)平面,截面,一邊查看和固體的設(shè)備,并獲得實(shí)時(shí)修改三維設(shè)備(參數(shù)變化,設(shè)備實(shí)時(shí)更新)。軟件提供了快速而簡單的方法來創(chuàng)建三維設(shè)備,以便它能夠容易地畫一個(gè)三維形狀。
[3]代總體布局和部分
設(shè)計(jì)師選擇線出口方向,使門的位置,而選擇合適的國家電網(wǎng)總體設(shè)計(jì)程序員,平臺(tái)將自動(dòng)生成初步電氣總平面設(shè)計(jì)師使調(diào)整,平臺(tái)將自動(dòng)生成最終電氣總平面。這個(gè)總平面包含大型三維數(shù)據(jù)庫信息,如設(shè)備參數(shù)和尺寸,結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸,線類型和各種設(shè)備的數(shù)量。它可以自動(dòng)生成材料表?？傮w布局,設(shè)計(jì)者可以減少,如果他希望剖視圖的分布,這可以產(chǎn)生的電源分配單元截面材料。
[4]3d圖對(duì)變電所照明保護(hù)
[5]防雷計(jì)算是一個(gè)平面圖形的過程吸引了變電站;平臺(tái)提供了三維防雷吸引。設(shè)計(jì)師只需要避雷針在不同的地方。所以只要設(shè)計(jì)師類型對(duì)避雷針的位置和高度,平臺(tái)將自動(dòng)生成三維防雷圖,如果有建筑或設(shè)備暴露在范圍外,平臺(tái)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)避雷針不能滿足要求,那么將產(chǎn)生一個(gè)清晰明白的計(jì)算本強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算功能
設(shè)計(jì)平臺(tái)可以做計(jì)算的特點(diǎn)是:1)短路電流的計(jì)算和設(shè)備選擇、動(dòng)態(tài)變電站儀表接地爐篦,3)線張力計(jì)算;4)電力計(jì)算,和5)繼電保護(hù)二次回路設(shè)置計(jì)算,和6)有線電視和統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。7)暫停管計(jì)算軟件。
三維模型顯示如圖3 - 5。
總結(jié)
方法結(jié)合各種數(shù)據(jù)通過使用三維集成技術(shù),構(gòu)建虛擬穿過系統(tǒng)變電站設(shè)計(jì),提供設(shè)計(jì)、規(guī)劃、決策、視覺參考,為進(jìn)一步改善的程序員提供了一個(gè)有用的工具。在這種方法中,三維現(xiàn)實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)集成技術(shù),復(fù)雜,專業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)直觀地反映了通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù),這更有利于交流,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,提供改進(jìn),提高處理效率,優(yōu)化建設(shè)。這種方法是最有效的電力變電站工程設(shè)計(jì)助手。
通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)布設(shè)計(jì),以便更多的人能了解它,甚至參與決策,受益于變電站的普遍知識(shí),加強(qiáng)人們對(duì)變電站的理解。這也可以增加應(yīng)用程序環(huán)境的理論水平,這樣人們可以更快收到它。
17
附錄B
The Use of Three-Dimensional Integrated Design System in Smart Substation Design
Abstract
The traditional power design, construction, has been able to meet the requirements, but it has not been established engineering data database support and the correlation between the data is poor, due to inadequate coordination among design professionals, design easily lead to mistakes, field problems, and design results failed in all aspects of the project to be fully utilized. With the technology of three-dimensional integrated design system penetrates in all walks of life, the introduction of three-dimensional integrated design system substation design solutions and the application of common devices of State Grid Corporation in recent years, which provide technical conditions for the application of virtual reality technology in substation design. According to its own characteristics of substation project, we now propose prospect on virtual reality technology in substation design application.
Keywords：Database; Substation Design; Virtual Reality Technology; 3D Integration
1. Introduction
With the rapid development of information technology, three-dimensional design has become an inevitable trend and universal demand in the development of power engineering design in the future [1]. As the core of digital intelligent substation, three-dimensional model must apply intelligent 3D design through full-featured three-dimensional integrated system that produces intelligent substation application, basing on the model case of main wiring and distribution systems of universal design in the State Grid Corporation, and depending on appropriate choice of generic engineering design, appropriate adjustments in the main wiring according to the project size, and then choose the direction of the line and stop the door outlet location to adjust the device type and relate engineering design parameters according to the State Grid Corporation common device interface allowing designers, automatic generated interval cross sectional view of the electrical distribution equipment and general layout of the floor plan. And it can be able to check the security of the device and calculate mechanical lightning protection of the wire and grounding design, equipment, materials and other statistical work. The substation space, equipment, accessories, appendages of type, size, spacing, and other information can be stored in the model program by the use of digital technology, the substation, intuitive and simple can be referenced and directly modified in a graphical interface [2]. Graphics and database are syn chronically linked, plan, cross section, installation drawings, bill of materials, mentioning owned linkage map of all modifications all ensure consistency of engineering design.
Currently, the substation design uses AUTOCAD two-dimensional graphics platform basically, it is in computer-aided drafting stage, lacks professional software, the graphics workload is heavy, and duplication of effort are many. Modify the contents cannot be related to linkage, or it will prone to error. And it cannot achieve the relevant professional computing and the check sum, equipment and materials required artificial statistics, civil inventory data and drawings drawn by hand finishing.
2. Theoretical and Practical Basis of the Project
2.1.The Brief Principle Description of the Research Contents of Projects
The object of digital substation is mainly achieved by three-dimensional design management system, application of 3D design system and database management systems are based on the database, reflecting reality and logic relation of substation in 3D, 2D or 1D form, All figures, tables are mapped database data, chart and data are consistent. In order to achieve the construction and operation of the substation efficient management of the process, all information of each stage of the substation will be unified planning from design, procurement, manufacturing, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance to decommissioning and being kept in a data warehouse untidily. To achieve establishment of such a large database at the design stage, we must rely on a comprehensive and efficient system of three-dimensional design and highly integrated database management system.
Three-dimensional integrated design system has the ability to build substation life cycle information platform and can provide a digital substation for the owners, the basic works are as follows.
1) The unified identification system is established at the beginning of the project, began at the design through data warehouse platform, the information from engineering companies and engineering firms effectively delivered to the appropriate procurement, construction sector, and ultimately to operation and maintenance.
2) Substation design based on the 3D design system as the core design means, through a network of digital substation technology collaborative design, ensuring at the right time, right place, right information.
3) Using integrated Collaborative projects design, effective control versions and the corresponding work flow, centralized control and management of all technical documentation and publishing drawings and upgrades, making the design knowledge and achievements intact in a unified central database.
4) Schedule on-site and on-site construction and installation, commissioning, and centralized management of quality control information by integrating all of the owners and contractors substation project management and operational management system, forming the final figures substation, digital and knowledge management.
5) With the progress of the project, we will continue to accumulate data and maintain data consistency, establish a standardized model, data, drawings, documents. After the project is completed, the owners can finally submit to contain substation operation and maintenance data required for the future operation of the substation, digital substation maintenance management.
2.1. The Practical Basis of Three-Dimensional Digital Substation
Three-dimensional digital substation specific applications can be divided into three stages. In the design phase, in order to achieve a three-dimensional model with a powerful combination of information documents, form a complete three-dimensional visualization of plant information system. It needs so much information, such as an integrated three-dimensional model of a large number of design-related one-dimensional and two-dimensional design information, materials, finished products, and construction and operation and maintenance of the necessary information. In the infrastructure period, owners and construction unit use three-dimensional model to query design information and direct extraction inventory of a variety of design drawings, equipment and mate-rials linking with model, provide detailed procurement information to the procurement system and simulate construction progress of the infrastructure and overhaul lifting reserved space, intuitive three-dimensional model to guide the construction, provide visual design communication services to remote construction site through INTERNET network
In the production run, the owners provide a standard project template through enterprise data warehouse, the engineering information of the substation is unified set in Interface of design and management, intelligence relation between all drawings, design content glance, drawing number is automatically generated according to volume, automated Summary table of generation engineering materials, volumes directory. Queries various stages of information as the core of the system, 3D model and database, auxiliary run operation, maintenance and operation of the auxiliary data maintenance, file management, training of personnel, and so on. The Project Work-flow as Figure 1.
Three-dimensional model is able to achieve statistical calculation to generate digital model construction drawings [3]. Software can not only manifest real scenario of substation through three dimensions and a mufti angle, making all the equipment, wires and special relationship of the structures as plain as print, but can also achieve the real lightning protection checking, precise materials statistics under a three-dimensional model. In addition, to better understand the design intent and design advantages, you can use three-dimensional animation in the substation to report the design, three-dimensional visual fully reflect the project design. Substation plat-form and three-dimensional design of digital transfer applications to query and retrieve information to provide simply via a web browser. Three-d Substation will be able to see realistic virtual dimensional model, all the engineering drawings and documents, all of the engineering data; just click on the model. It can be dispersed in water with automatic access to file data. Even without having to run around in a long institute, construction sites, run on-site inspection, just log network can view real-time design schedule, construction schedule, and procurement status, debug parameters, the actual operation of the device status, and annotate comments directly on the model. The Project Process as Figure 2.
Figure 2. Project process.
3. The Research Content and Implementation Plan
Graphics technology accounts for a large share of the three-dimensional reality. How to bring real visual experience to the digital space? The key is how to simulate all the surfaces in the real world, this is the material, which includes lighting calculations, graphics such as texture blending by setting the texture layer input and operation, the output can be used as an input for the next layer, can also be used as the end result, at her shows.
For two API of 3D hardware, Open GL and Direct3D have their fixed rendering pipeline, which is the pipeline. Data of vertical such as position, normal, texture coordinates and so on will be provided to the pipeline, and then define the light source [4,5], you can get an rendered image. In this particular rendering process, program designer has no ways to control. Starting from Direct X 8 and Open GL extensions, programmable feature was introduced in the rendering pipeline, Graphics hardware began to support programmable features, so that the developers could write a small program and run it in the graphics card to control the rendering process. Functions of graphics hardware were developed from pipe lined functional unit into two programmable units: vertex units and pixel units. Through programming about vertex units and pixel units, you can not only optimize the algorithm, but also implement functionality which could not be completed originally, such as distribute load between the vertex pipelines and pixel pipelines on their bearing capacity; through a custom algorithm, improve he algorithm of fixed-function, or even wholly create original algorithms. In the Microsoft Direct X, this piece of program code is called shader. In fact, the shader (render or shaded) are programs own the ability to manipulate 3D objects, and could be performed by the GPU. Through these programs, the programmers can get 3D graphical effects they wanted most. A 3D scene generally contains multiple shader. Some of this shader are responsible for processing the 3D object surface, and some are responsible for handling screen objects which are cached provisionally. There are two kinds of shader, one is the peak level, known as the Vertex shader, re-placing lighting part fixed rendering pipeline, programmers can control vertex transformation, lighting, and so on. The hardware unit which handles Vertex Shad berries called Vertex shader Processors (vertex processing units). The other one is the pixel-level called the Pixel Shade, it could replace grating section in the fixed rendering pipeline. Programmers can control the pixel color and texture sampling. Handling Pixel shader in hard-ware unit is called Pixel shader Processor (s-pixel processing unit). In the Direct X 9 shader, specialized editing and programming language is introduced high level shader language (HLSL: High-Level Shading Language). At the same time, file format is introduced to save code independently: file format. Fixes independent from programs, so users can change different Fix files and easily improve the Visual effect of the program with-out recompiling your program. Introducing programmable features are into the process of rendering is a revolution to real-time rendering; this gives developers more creative freedom, so users can create better effects. In this project, we use shader to define material of our model, on the one hand, this improved illumination algorithm and made texture-blending optimized, on the other hand, this in favor of modifying the material results easily in the future.
The program uses the modular structure. Modules are independent from each other. Standardized parameters are used to pass data. On the one hand this helps maintain a clear structure, it also facilitates the modification and maintenance. Module design process design can be split into data module design, menu module design, and interactive animation module design. Data module design mainly considers the texture processing, model making, the configuration in accordance with the target hardware, sets the format and resolution of textures, control the total numbers of polygon, budget allocation about polygon, the total model data format and structure. Design menu module purpose is to reduce the difficulty of use and focus on the user experience. In the interactive animation module design, efficiency of algorithm is not required, but you should try to maintain a clear logical structure to ease the maintenance.
[1] Typical engineering library management
Software uses a large network database to standardize the design of the typical universal design engineering, data commonly used by equipment manufacturers, spare libraries, equipment and other typical centralized management, to facilitate search and download, and ensure the security of the database through permission settings. Meanwhile platform database is open to members of the network. Members can simultaneously expand the open device database. A lot of graphics device parameters about equipment are stored in the equipment library. Through network management and permissions mechanism, digital design data and process management will be achieved.
[2] 3-D Parametric modeling for equipment
By the platform unique parametric three dimensional equipment models, just enter the key parameters, you will generate a planar, cross-section, the side view and solid of the device, and get real time modifications to the three dimensional device?(parameter changes, equipment updated in real time). Software provides the fast and easy way to create three-dimensional device so that it could draw a three-dimensional shape easily.
[3] The generation of general layout and section
Designer selects line outlet direction and pitted door location, while selects suitable of national grid General design programmer, platform will automatically generated preliminary electrical total pl