0摘 要機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)和制造的發(fā)展速度是很快的。由原先的只為滿足加工成形而要求刀具與工件間的某些相對運(yùn)動關(guān)系和零件的一定強(qiáng)度和剛度，發(fā)展至今日的高度科學(xué)技術(shù)成果綜合應(yīng)用的現(xiàn)代機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)，也包括計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)（CAD）的應(yīng)用。但目前機(jī)床主軸變速箱的設(shè)計(jì)還是以經(jīng)驗(yàn)或類比為基礎(chǔ)的傳統(tǒng)（經(jīng)驗(yàn)）設(shè)計(jì)方法。因此，探索科學(xué)理論的應(yīng)用，科學(xué)地分析的處理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，數(shù)據(jù)和資料，既能提高機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)和制造水平，也將促進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)方法的現(xiàn)代。機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)是學(xué)生在學(xué)完基礎(chǔ)課，技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)課及有關(guān)專業(yè)課的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合機(jī)床傳動部件（主軸變速箱）設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行的綜合訓(xùn)練。我們畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)題目是Φ320 普通車床的主軸變速箱設(shè)計(jì)及主軸箱電氣控制線路設(shè)計(jì)。在本設(shè)計(jì)中首先進(jìn)行參數(shù)擬定，運(yùn)動設(shè)計(jì)，動力計(jì)算和結(jié)構(gòu)草圖設(shè)計(jì)，軸和軸承的驗(yàn)算，主軸變速箱裝配設(shè)計(jì)，設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書等內(nèi)容。設(shè)計(jì)主軸變速箱的結(jié)構(gòu)包括傳動件（傳動軸，軸承，帶輪，離合器和制動器等） ，主軸組件，操縱機(jī)構(gòu)，潤滑密封系統(tǒng)和箱體及其聯(lián)接件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與布置，用一張展開圖和若干張橫截面圖表示。課程設(shè)計(jì)限于時間，一般只畫展開圖及一或兩個截面圖。關(guān)鍵詞：普通車床；變速箱1AbstractMachine design and manufacturing growth rate is fast. Instead of only to meet the processing requirements of forming tool and the workpiece with some relative movement between the parts and a certain intensity and just , to the development of today's highly scientific and technical achievements and integrated application of modern machine design, also including computer-aided design (CAD) applications. However, the machine tool spindle gearbox design is analogous to the experience or the basis of the traditional (experience) design method. Therefore, to explore the application of scientific theory, scientific analysis of the treatment experience, data and information, can improve the design and manufacture of machine tools, but also will promote modern methods of design.Machine design is the completion of students in basic subjects, the technical basis of the Specialty Group and on the basis of Drive with machine parts for the design of integrated training. We graduated a design is Φ320 ordinary lathe spindle axis gearbox design and boxes of electrical control circuit design. In the first design parameters for the formulation, design movement, dynamic calculation of the draft structure and design, shaft and bearing checking, Spindle assembly gearbox design, brochures, and other design elements. Spindle gearbox design the structure of pieces, including transmission (transmission shaft, bearings, pulley, clutch and brake, etc.), spindle components, manipulated bodies, lubrication system and the box sealed and connected pieces of the structure design and layout, start with a map and a number of cross-section map. Curriculum design time to the general plan and started painting one or two cross-section map. Keywords : lathe；georbox2目錄1 緒 論 .21.1 課題研究背景及選題的意義 21.1.1 課題的背景 21.1.2 研究的意義 21.1.3 課題的目的 21.2 完成的內(nèi)容 32 機(jī)床主要參數(shù)的確定 .42.1 動力參數(shù)的確定 42.2 運(yùn)動參數(shù)的確定 52.2.1 主軸最低和最高轉(zhuǎn)速的確定 52.2.2 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速數(shù)列的確定 53 主傳動系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) 63.1 主傳動方案擬定 63.2 傳動結(jié)構(gòu)擬定式的選擇 63.2.1 確定傳動組及各傳動組中傳動副的數(shù)目 63.2.2 分配總降速比 73.3 皮帶輪直徑和齒輪齒數(shù)的確定及轉(zhuǎn)速圖擬定 83.3.1 確定皮帶輪動直徑 83.3.2 確定齒輪齒數(shù) 83.3.3 轉(zhuǎn)速圖擬定： .103.3.4 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速系列的驗(yàn)算 .103.3.5 傳動系統(tǒng)圖的擬定 .123.4 確定各傳動軸和齒輪的計(jì)算轉(zhuǎn)速 .124 傳動件的估算和驗(yàn)算 .134.1 齒輪模數(shù)的計(jì)算 .134.1.1 各傳動軸功率的計(jì)算 .134.1.2 齒輪模數(shù)的計(jì)算 .144.1.3 計(jì)算各軸之間的中心距 .154.2 三角帶傳動的計(jì)算 .154.2.1 計(jì)算皮帶尺寸 .154.3 傳動軸的估算和齒輪尺寸的計(jì)算 .174.3.1 確定各軸的直徑 .174.3.2 計(jì)算各齒輪的尺寸 .185 主軸部件的驗(yàn)算 .205.1 驗(yàn)算主軸軸端的位移 ya.205.2 前軸承的轉(zhuǎn)角及壽命的驗(yàn)算 .225.2.1 驗(yàn)算前軸承處的轉(zhuǎn)角 θ β .225.2.2 驗(yàn)算前支系壽命 .226 主傳動系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) .246.1 皮帶輪及齒輪塊設(shè)計(jì) .246.2 軸承的選擇 .246.2.1 各軸承的選擇 .2436.2.2 主軸設(shè)計(jì) .246.3 箱體設(shè)計(jì) .246.4 操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì) .256.5 密封結(jié)構(gòu)及油滑 .25總 結(jié) 26致 謝 27參考文獻(xiàn) .28