2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破三 形容詞和副詞.doc
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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破三 形容詞和副詞 真題試做 1.(xx山東高考,33)Be ______—you cant expect me to finish all his work in so little time. A.reasonable B.confident C.creative D.grateful 2.(xx山東高考,35)Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ______ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. A.heavy B.smooth C.flexible D.plex 3.(xx山東高考,35)Mary and I see each other ______,but not as often as we used to. A.sooner or later B.once in a while C.in the end D.more or less 考向分析 1.考查在具體的語境中形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析,要求考生結(jié)合句意和上下文語境作出最佳選擇。 2.考查形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)。尤其注意含蓄比較和比較句型中采用的省略形式,分清比較的范圍。 3.考查比較級(jí)的修飾語。包括比較句型中倍數(shù)和名詞作狀語時(shí)的位置,以及哪些副詞或短語能夠修飾比較級(jí),哪些不能。 4.考查形容詞和副詞的基本用法。包括形容詞作定語、表語、補(bǔ)語和副詞在句中作狀語,以及習(xí)慣搭配問題。 5.多個(gè)形容詞作定語描述人或事物時(shí),詞序的安排是一個(gè)難題,在高考單項(xiàng)填空題中時(shí)有出現(xiàn)。 熱點(diǎn)例析 考點(diǎn)一:形容詞和副詞的基本用法 1.形容詞在句中的作用。 (1)形容詞在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。 (2)形容詞在句中也可作狀語,用來表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。 He was lying in bed,dead. (3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身體好)等常用作表語而不用作定語。如: He is an ill man.(錯(cuò)) The man is ill.(對(duì)) She is an afraid girl.(錯(cuò)) The girl is afraid.(對(duì)) (4)twoyearold/200metrelong/oneeyed等復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞要用單數(shù),一般只用作前置定語。如: Tom is a twoyearold boy. 2.副詞在句中的作用。 副詞在句中一般用作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞,也可修飾整個(gè)句子。如: Obviously you are wrong. 【典例分析】 (xx四川高考,16)I make $2,000 a week.60 surely wont make ______ difference to me. A.that a big B.a(chǎn) that big C.big a that D.that big a 答案為D項(xiàng)。that在此句中是副詞,相當(dāng)于so的用法,修飾形容詞big。例如:“如此可愛的一個(gè)女孩”可表達(dá)為that lovely a girl,故選D項(xiàng)。句意:我每周賺2000美元,60美元對(duì)我而言根本沒有關(guān)系。 考點(diǎn)二:形容詞和副詞的詞義辨析 詞義辨析是高考對(duì)形容詞、副詞考查的一大熱點(diǎn)。解答此類題的關(guān)鍵是要分析具體的語境,結(jié)合基本詞義、搭配等來選擇正確的答案。 從近幾年全國及各省市高考試題來看,考查頻率最高的形容詞和副詞有even,interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very,mon,effective,either,ever,fair,however,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等。 【典例分析】 (xx浙江高考,10)The research lacks ______ evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful. A.solid B.fierce C.severe D.potential 答案為A項(xiàng)。句意:這項(xiàng)研究缺乏可靠的證據(jù),因此,其結(jié)論是令人懷疑的。solid意為“可靠的,可信賴的”;fierce意為“強(qiáng)烈的,極度的”;severe意為“非常的,嚴(yán)重的”;potential意為“潛在的,可能的”。 (xx天津高考,4)The dog may be a good panion for the old.______,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage. A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Instead 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:狗對(duì)老年人來說可能是一個(gè)好伙伴,然而,需要帶它散步可能就是一個(gè)不好之處。besides意為“此外,而且”;however意為“然而”;therefore意為“因此”;instead意為“相反,代替”。 考點(diǎn)三:形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí) 1.對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行同等程度的比較用“as+原級(jí)+as”句型。當(dāng)as...as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用“as+形容詞+a+單數(shù)名詞+as”和“as+many/much+名詞+as”的形式。如: This is as good an example as the other is. 2.對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行不同程度的比較用“not as/so+原級(jí)+as”句型。如: He cannot run so/as fast as you. 3.表示前者的程度超過后者時(shí)用“比較級(jí)+than”句型。如: Tom works harder than Peter. He is more diligent than his brother. 4.表示前者的程度不如后者時(shí)用“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than”句型。如: This book is less interesting than that one. 5.“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”可用來表示“越來越……”。如: It is being colder and colder. 6.“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)”表示“越……,就越……”。如: The busier he is,the happier he feels. 7.要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。如: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(錯(cuò)) 8.要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。如: He is more clever/cleverer than his brother.(對(duì)) He is more cleverer than his brother.(錯(cuò)) He is less taller than I.(錯(cuò)) 9.要避免將主語含在比較對(duì)象中。 China is larger than any other country in Asia./any country in Africa.(對(duì)) China is larger than any country in Asia.(錯(cuò)) 【典例分析】 (xx課標(biāo)全國高考,26)The result is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much ______. A.the best B.best C.better D.the better 答案為D項(xiàng)。在該題but后的分句中,if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,主句為省略形式,根據(jù)句意判斷是對(duì)贏和輸兩種情況進(jìn)行比較,應(yīng)用比較級(jí)形式,可排除A、B項(xiàng);so much the better為固定短語,意為“那就更好了”。 句意:這結(jié)果對(duì)我們來說不很重要,但如果我們真的贏了,那就太好了。 (xx全國高考Ⅱ,13)Next to biology,I like physics ______. A.better B.best C.the better D.very well 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:除了生物,我最喜歡物理。注意本題易誤選A項(xiàng),其實(shí)此處并不是把生物和物理作比較,而是把物理與除生物之外的其他學(xué)科作比較,故選B項(xiàng)。 考點(diǎn)四:比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)前的狀語 1.比較級(jí)前常用表示程度的副詞(短語)作狀語,常見的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用來修飾比較級(jí)。如: Yao Ming is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I. 2.比較級(jí)前還常用名詞、數(shù)詞和倍數(shù)作狀語。如: We have a third as many students as we had last term. The river is three times as long as that one. 3.最高級(jí)常用by far/much或序數(shù)詞作狀語。如: The population of China is by far the largest in the world. Africa is the second largest continent. 【典例分析】 (xx課標(biāo)全國高考,29)This restaurant wasnt______that other restaurant we went to. A.half as good as B.a(chǎn)s half good as C.a(chǎn)s good as half D.good as half as 答案為A項(xiàng)。如果表示兩個(gè)飯店一樣好,應(yīng)用as good as,在比較句型中,程度狀語應(yīng)放在第一個(gè)as或比較級(jí)之前,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。 考點(diǎn)五:形容詞作定語時(shí)的位置 1.通常置于所修飾的詞之前,但不定代詞的定語通常在后面。如: Someone strange is asking to see you. Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan. 2.else常放在不定代詞和疑問代詞后面作定語。如: No one else can answer the question. 3.多個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)的詞序?yàn)椋捍笮 ㈤L短、高低形狀/年齡、新舊顏色/來源、國籍、地區(qū)、出處/材料/用途。如: an expensive Japanese sports car,those three beautiful large square old brown wood table 【典例分析】 One day they crossed the ______ bridge behind the palace. A.old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stone C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old 答案為A項(xiàng)。多個(gè)形容詞作定語修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),排列的順序?yàn)椋捍笮?、年齡、形狀、顏色、來源、國籍、質(zhì)地、用途。 考點(diǎn)六:比較級(jí)的否定 1.not用來否定比較級(jí)時(shí),只陳述客觀事實(shí)。如: Yi Jianlian is not taller than Yao Ming. 2.no用來否定比較級(jí)時(shí),往往帶有感情色彩,對(duì)比較的兩者都否定。如: The patient is no better than he was yesterday. 病人沒有比昨天好轉(zhuǎn)。 Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鮮空氣對(duì)身體健康是同樣必不可少的。 3.“否定詞+不定冠詞+形容詞的比較級(jí)+名詞”或“否定詞+比較級(jí)”表示“從未……,未曾……”,常常表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意義。如: This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one. 這部電影很感人,我從沒有看過一部比它更好的。 【典例分析】 (xx四川高考,12)—How was your recent trip to Sichuan? —Ive never had ______ one before. A.a(chǎn) pleasant B.a(chǎn) more pleasant C.a(chǎn) most pleasant D.the most pleasant 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意:——最近你到四川的旅行怎么樣?——從來沒有這么愉快過。否定詞never與a more pleasant連用,表示“非常愉快”,相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)含義。the most pleasant是特指,需要有比較的范圍,但是這個(gè)范圍并不存在,因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。 誤區(qū)警示 1.形容詞或副詞的辨析易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx福建高考,32)—Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? —Sorry.I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still ______. A.a(chǎn)vailable B.a(chǎn)ffordable C.a(chǎn)cceptable D.valuable 【錯(cuò)混透析】A available意為“可得到的,可找到的”;affordable意為“負(fù)擔(dān)得起,支付得起”;acceptable意為“可以接受的”;valuable意為“有價(jià)值的”。句意:——你能借給我《飄》那本書嗎?——對(duì)不起。我剛才把它還給圖書館了。也許還能借到它。該題錯(cuò)選的原因要么是詞匯量不夠,要么是對(duì)句意理解不清。 (xx遼寧高考,22)We used to see each other ______,but I havent heard from him since last year. A.especially B.regularly C.particularly D.a(chǎn)pproximately 【錯(cuò)混透析】B 句意:我們以前經(jīng)常見面,但自從去年就沒有收到他的來信了。especially意為“尤其,特別”;regularly意為“規(guī)則地,定期地”;particularly意為“特別地”;approximately意為“大約地”。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 做這類題目時(shí),有一定的詞匯儲(chǔ)備是基本條件。在掌握了各選項(xiàng)的詞義的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合具體的語境,再通過對(duì)句意的理解,做出最恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。 2.比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的范圍易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx全國高考Ⅱ,17)Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldnt ask for a ______ boss. A.better B.good C.best D.still better 【錯(cuò)混透析】 A 該題易誤選C項(xiàng)或D項(xiàng)。句意:為史蒂文森先生工作真好,我實(shí)在找不到比他更好的老板了。該句實(shí)際是把其他老板與史蒂文森先生進(jìn)行兩者間的比較,否定詞couldnt與better連用,表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 考查比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的題目,分清比較的范圍是關(guān)鍵: (1)兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較應(yīng)用比較級(jí),三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上事物進(jìn)行比較應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。做題時(shí)既要通過分析數(shù)量關(guān)系確定使用比較級(jí)還是最高級(jí),又要注意通過句意和語境進(jìn)行判斷,因?yàn)楹芏囝}目并沒有直接說明是幾者進(jìn)行比較,而是把數(shù)量隱含在句意中。 (2)若題目為省略句,應(yīng)根據(jù)語境和語意尋找被比較的對(duì)象,然后確定比較的范圍。 3.比較句型的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx陜西高考,17)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one. A.a(chǎn)s three times big as B.three times as big as C.a(chǎn)s big as three times D.a(chǎn)s big three times as 【錯(cuò)混透析】 B 句意:“為下一屆亞運(yùn)會(huì)而正在修建的新體育館將會(huì)是目前體育館的三倍大。”as...as表示同等比較,當(dāng)表示倍數(shù)的詞作程度狀語時(shí),應(yīng)放在第一個(gè)as的前面。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 有關(guān)比較句型的題目應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn): (1)掌握比較級(jí)的幾個(gè)熱點(diǎn)句型: ①同級(jí)比較句型:“as+原級(jí)+as” ②不同級(jí)比較句型:“not as/so+原級(jí)+as” ③表示一者的程度超過另一者的句型:“比較級(jí)+than” ④表示一者的程度不如另一者的句型:“l(fā)ess+原級(jí)+than” ⑤表示“越來越……”的句型:“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)” ⑥表示“越……,就越……”的句型:“the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)” (2)做題時(shí),要分析語境含義和句子結(jié)構(gòu),明確題目符合哪一種句型,要確保句型使用正確,如as...as中間是否是形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)、less后面是否錯(cuò)用了比較級(jí)等。 (3)比較級(jí)前常有副詞或短語作程度狀語,但very/quite/fairly不用來修飾比較級(jí)。 (4)比較句型中還常用名詞、數(shù)詞和倍數(shù)作狀語,一定要把這些狀語放在比較級(jí)前或同級(jí)比較的第一個(gè)as前。 1.(xx濟(jì)南一模,13) I am leaving my ______ position because I cannot show my capabilities fully here. A.present B.private C.individual D.personal 2.(xx山東泰安期末,30) A ______ identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from the Bank of China. A.valid B.perfect C.beneficial D.flexible 3.In this lecture,I can only give you a purely ______ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. A.private B.personal C.unique D.different 4.If youre looking for a furnished flat to rent,I think theres a(n)______ apartment in my building. A.empty B.bare C.free D.vacant 5.My work schedule is fairly ______,so you can e to me anytime you like. A.a(chǎn)vailable B.a(chǎn)ccessible C.flexible D.changeable 6.(xx山東棗莊十八中月考,33)It is ______ that he has been addicted to the drugs and has difficulty quitting it. A.obviously B.a(chǎn)pparently C.possibly D.likely 7.(xx山東濰坊重點(diǎn)中學(xué)月考,31) The handbook gives______ details about the functions of this washing machine. A.steady B.secure C.potential D.precise 8.(xx山東德州期末,28) Childrens ability to adapt to a new environment doesnt e______.It is a result of many experiences. A.normally B.specially C.naturally D.eventually 9.(xx山東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)二模,25) The plane will be landing in ______ 20 minutes.Please be seated! A.readily B.a(chǎn)pproximately C.randomly D.typically 10.The secondhand car Amy bought last month is almost new;______,it is in excellent condition. A.besides B.in addition to C.instead D.yet 11.(xx山東鄒平四模,8) After 3 days long journey,the explorers arrived at the destination,______. A.exhausted and hungry B.exhausted and hungrily C.exhausting and hungry D.exhausting and hungrily 12.Though small,the oranges sell ______,because they taste ______. A.good;well B.well;nice C.nicely;well D.nice;good 13.Do you believe ______ little boys could eat ______ much food? A.so;so B.such;such C.such;so D.so;such 14.—Jack,you have earned so much in such a short time! —Yes,I have.But I am still ______ than you. A.better off B.more worse off C.worse off D.less badly off 15.—What does this modernday dinosaur look like? —The tongue of this animal can be extended ______ of its body. A.more than twice the length B.twice more than the length C.more than the length twice D.more twice than the length 參考答案 三、形容詞和副詞 命題調(diào)研明晰考向 真題試做 1.A 考查形容詞。句意:講點(diǎn)道理好不好,你不能指望我在這么短的時(shí)間里完成所有的工作啊。reasonable意為“合理的,公道的,通情達(dá)理的”;confident意為“自信的,確信的”;creative意為“有創(chuàng)造性的”;grateful意為“感激的,感謝的”。故選A項(xiàng)。 2.C 考查形容詞詞義辨析。heavy“重的”;smooth“順利的,平滑的”;flexible“靈活的,易彎曲的”;plex“復(fù)雜的”。句意為“走出家門的職業(yè)媽媽們應(yīng)該有靈活的時(shí)間安排以便能更容易地照顧孩子”。由句意可知,C項(xiàng)符合句意。 3.B 考查短語的辨析。once in a while “偶爾”。句意:瑪麗和我不像以前那么經(jīng)常見面,我們只是偶爾見見面。sooner or later “遲早”;in the end “最后,結(jié)果”;more or less “幾乎,差不多”。 創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測演練 1.A present意為“現(xiàn)在的”;private意為“私有的,私人的,秘密的,私立的”;individual意為“單獨(dú)的,個(gè)別的,一個(gè)人的,獨(dú)特的”;personal意為“個(gè)人的,私人的,人際的”。句意:我要離開我現(xiàn)在的工作崗位了,因?yàn)樵谶@里我不能充分地展示我的才能。 2.A valid意為“合法的,有效的”;perfect意為“完美的”;beneficial意為“有益的,有利的”;flexible意為“有彈性的,靈活的”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選A項(xiàng),表示“有效的身份證”。 3.B 句意:“在這次演講中,我只能就如何充實(shí)地生活給出純粹個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)并就未來提出一些建議。”private“私有的,私營的”;personal“個(gè)人的,私人的”;unique“獨(dú)一無二的,僅有的,唯一的”;different“不同的”。 4.D empty意為“空的,沒有任何東西的”;bare意為“赤裸的,光禿禿的”;free意為“有空的,有時(shí)間的”;vacant意為“未被占用的”。由于想要租用的是有家具的房子,所以只能選擇D項(xiàng)。 5.C available意為“可利用的”或指人“有空閑的”;accessible意為“可接近的,可進(jìn)入的”;flexible意為“有彈性的,靈活的”;changeable意為“可變化的,易變的”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。 6.D 該題需要表語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)為形容詞,意為“可能的”,其他三項(xiàng)均為副詞。 7.D steady意為“穩(wěn)固的,平穩(wěn)的”;secure意為“安全的,無危險(xiǎn)的”;potential意為“潛在的,可能的”;precise意為“準(zhǔn)確的,精確的”。句意:本手冊準(zhǔn)確地介紹了這種洗衣機(jī)的功能。 8.C normally意為“正常地”;specially意為“特別地”;naturally意為“自然地,天生地”;eventually意為“最后,終于”。句意:孩子們適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的能力不是與生俱來的,而是多次經(jīng)歷的結(jié)果。 9.B readily意為“樂意地,很快地”;approximately意為“大約地,近似地”;randomly意為“任意地,隨機(jī)地”;typically意為“有代表性地,典型地”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng),表示“大約20分鐘后”。 10.A besides用作副詞時(shí)意為“此外,還有”;in addition to為介詞詞組,in addition可相當(dāng)于besides表示“此外,再說”;instead意為“代替,而不是”;yet意為“然而,可是”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。第二句句意:“此外,車況很好?!? 11.A 該題應(yīng)用兩個(gè)并列的形容詞作狀語,說明主語the explorers所處的狀態(tài)。C項(xiàng)exhausting意為“令人疲憊的”,不合句意;答案為A項(xiàng),表示“又累又餓”。 12.B sell well意為“銷路好”;taste nice意為“嘗起來味道好”,taste為連系動(dòng)詞。 13.C 表示“多”“少”意義的many,much,few,little前面應(yīng)由so修飾,所以第二個(gè)空用so;但是little還有“小”的意思,修飾可數(shù)名詞,這時(shí)little前面應(yīng)由such修飾。該句意為“你相信這么小的男孩們能吃這么多東西嗎?” 14.C well off意為“寬裕的,富有的”;badly off意為“貧困的,境況不好的”。根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞But表示的邏輯意義判斷,應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)表示“我仍然不如你寬?!薄? 15.A twice作定語修飾名詞the length,more than作狀語修飾twice,所以答案為A項(xiàng)。- 1.請仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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