2019中考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 閱讀理解 科普環(huán)保類(lèi)（含解析）.doc

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2019中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解：科普環(huán)保類(lèi) 一、閱讀理解 When you watch TV programs about wild animals, it is surprising to see how an antelope (羚羊) can run away from a strong lion. In the wilderness, everyone has his own way to protect himself. Even plants have their own ways to fight off enemies. Over millions of years, plants have developed their own defense system (防衛(wèi)系統(tǒng)). Chemicals are fantastically used by plants to survive (幸存). By making their leaves, flowers, roots and fruits poisonous (有毒的) to enemies, plants can fight back. One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree. The British scientist David Cameron has found when an animal eats the tree’s leaves, the amount (數(shù)量) of poison increases in the other leaves. “It’s like the injured leaves telephoning the others to fight together against the enemy,” he said. The tree also sends defense messages to neighboring plants by giving out a special smell. Golden Wattle trees in the nearby 45 meters will get the message and produce more poison within 10 minutes. Now, if an enemy eats too many of the trees’ leaves, he will die. Every kind of plant or tree is good at producing a special set of chemicals. Herbivores, like rabbits, can safely eat the leaves of one tree, but they may be poisoned by its neighbor. In this way, plants have not only developed their own defense system, but also shared it with others. This makes it impossible for a single animal to destroy even a small area of forest. 1．From the first 2 paragraphs, we can learn that _________. A. plants can do nothing against their enemies B. chemicals are quite useful for plants to survive C. an antelope can always run away from a strong lion D. leaves, roots, flowers and fruits of plants are poisonous 2．If animals eat one Golden Wattle tree’s leaves, the tree can________. A. kill the animals with a special smell B. tell other trees to e to protect it C. warn other trees against the animals on the phone D. send defense messages to the neighboring plants 3．The underlined word “herbivores” in the 5th paragraph probably means animals which _____. A．produce poison B．live on small animals C．like to eat rabbits D．feed on plants or grass 4．The last paragraph of the passage suggests that this kind of defense system is ________. A．bad for animals B．good for forests C．helpful to some animals D．harmful to forests 5．The passage is mainly about __________. A．the examples of protecting forests B．the balance between animals and plants C．the ways of plants fighting against enemies D．the relationship between lions and antelopes Qi Haoran, a Junior 1 student, was quite busy over the past winter vacation – and not just with homework. Qi, together with 10 other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (“光盤(pán)行動(dòng)”). The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food.“Excuse me, do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat? Please don’t waste food.” They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day. The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January. It calls on people to reduce food waste. China in these years had serious problems with wasted food. CCTV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year. Chinese people are well known for being hospitable (好客的) and generous（大方的）.Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food. Luckily, the campaign has got the support of many. In a restaurant in Xinjiang, the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker (貼花).People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 stickers. More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers (剩飯剩菜) home. To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. It’s important that everyone does their bit, just like Qi. Did you finish your meals today? 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢浮? 6．What did the 11 students do in the winter vacation? A. The helped each other with homework. B. They opened a restaurant together. C. They volunteered for a campaign. D. They collected money from customers in restaurants. 7．In this passage the underlined word “call on ” means ______. A.打電話 B.號(hào)召 C.拜訪 D.叫喊 8．The Clean Your Plate Campaign calls on people to _____. A. do volunteer work B. work part time in restaurants C. cut down on food waste D. wash your plates after dinner 9．From Paragraphs 4-5, we learn that _____. A. wasting food is a serious problem in China B. Chinese people waste the most food in the world C. Chinese people want to show off that they are rich D. most Chinese people are afraid of losing face at the table 10．What did the restaurant in Beijing do to support the campaign? A. The owner would have dinner with those who had eaten up their food. B. It offered a free meal to the guests who had finished all their food ten times. C. It gave stickers to the guests who ordered small dishes. D. It encouraged customers to take leftovers home. In nature, you may see many insects (昆蟲(chóng)）and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why? Locusts are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies. The reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops(莊稼). When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn es, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do. Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can’t be seen easily by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil(土壤） in a dark and wet environment. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night. Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts? The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over , its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all. 11．It is not easy for birds to catch locusts because____________. A .locusts are good runners B. locusts can jump very high C. locusts are smarter than birds D. locusts can change their color 12．According to the passage, most soil insects_________ A. do not have bright colors B. change their colors with the soil C. do not live in a dark and wet environment D. Eat colorful insects like butterflies and bees 13．What’s the meaning of the underlined word”survive” in the passage? A. 繁殖 B. 產(chǎn)卵 C. 覓食 D. 生存 14．The ink fish _______so that its enemies will not see it? A. changes its color B. makes the water around it black C. appears only at night D. hides itself in the sea rocks 15．What is the main idea of this passage? A. Some insects and animals have different skills. B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think. C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves. D. Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily. Many children think mobile phones are cool. They e in fun colors and let you talk with friends anytime and anywhere. In the U.S., more than 90 million people use mobile phones. Many of these people are children. For children, mobile phones are more than phone calls. They are fashionable. Most mobile phone users don’t think about the health problems caused(引起) by mobile phones. Some scientists say that mobile phones give off radiation(輻射) that might be bad for the users. One newest study shows that mobile phone radiation might raise(增加) a person’s chance of getting some kinds of cancer(癌癥). Other scientists say mobile phones don’t’ threaten people’s health. They say that they have not found any link(聯(lián)系) between phone use and cancer. Scientists say that people can protect (保護(hù)) themselves from mobile phone radiation. One way is to use a headset(耳機(jī)). Or people can make shorter call. 16．Many children like mobile phones because they think mobile phones are _________. A. cool B. small C. cheap D. their toys 17．Many of the mobile phone users in the U.S. are ___________. A. girls B. boys C. scientists D. children 18．Some scientists think mobile phones aren’t _________ for users health. They causes some kinds of cancer A. bad B. good C. wrong D. helpful 19．The underlined word “threaten” in the passage means ____________. A. 威脅. B. 擔(dān)心 C. 治療 D. 證實(shí) 20．What should people do to protect themselves from mobile phone radiation? A. Make longer calls B. Use a headset C. Make shorter calls D. Both B and C This March, the H7N9 virus (病毒) hit Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and so on. It seemed that most people who were infected(被感染) with H7N9 had the mon flu. Some people suffered from a fever or a cough. Don’t be afraid—it’s not easy to be infected with the virus. Here is some advice to help you protect yourself when it es. Wash your hands. You need to wash your hands with soap and hot water before you eat, after you use the toilet, and after you touch animals, because your hands may carry viruses. Cover your nose and mouth. When someone sneezes(打噴嚏) or coughs, flu viruses can travel as far as one meter through the air, so you’d better stand a proper distance (距離) while talking to someone who has a cold. And always cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough, and then clean your hands. Wear a mask(口罩). Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 80%, but if you don’t wash your hands often, it’s no use wearing a mask. And it’s necessary to wear the mask in the groups of people. Do sports often. Exercises will help make your body strong enough to resist the virus. 21．When did the H7N9 virus hit Shanghai? A．In March, xx. B．In May, xx. C．In March, xx. 22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Some people who were infected with the H7N9 virus had a toothache. B．You should cover your mouth and nose with a piece of paper when you sneeze or cough. C．Some doctors say that masks can stop the flu as much as 100%. 23．How many ways to stop the virus are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. 24．What does the underlined word “resist ” mean in Chinese? A．抵抗 B．傳播 C．感染 25．What’s the main idea of this passage? A．It tells us how to wash hands. B．It tells us why we should use masks. C．It gives us some advice on how to protect ourselves when the H7N9 virus es. Carrots(胡蘿卜) are grown on farms and in small family gardens all over the world. They are easy to plant and easy to harvest(收獲). They have a good taste. When people think about carrots, they usually think they are a kind of long, thin, orange-colored vegetable. In fact, carrots are in many different sizes and shapes. And not all carrots are orange. Carrots should be grown in a field that does not have water for a long time. The earth also should not be too hard. To prepare your carrot garden, dig up the earth and turn it over(翻土). Weather, soil condition(土壤狀況), and time affect(影響) the taste of carrots. Warm days and cool nights are the best time to grow great delicious carrots. The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its color. Usually, the brighter the color is, the better the taste is. Most people do not know that carrots can be grown during the winter months. If the winter is not cold enough to freeze the ground, you can grow carrots the same way as you do during the summer months. Carrots are prepared and eaten in many different ways. They are cut into thin pieces and cooked with other vegetables or meat. Or, they are washed, and eaten just as they e out of the ground. 26．Carrots are easy to plant but hard to harvest. 27．Carrots should be grown in a field without water for a long time. 28．The best way to decide if a carrot is ready to be harvested is by its size. 29．Everyone knows that carrots can be grown during the winter months. 30．We can prepare and eat carrots in many different ways. Hi Brad, It’s good to hear from you again. I find that I’m not good at writing positions. It’s hard for me to prepare the form of a position and organize sentences. ①Could you tell me how to deal with this problem? I would really appreciate if you offer me some good methods. Best wishes, Cindy Hi Cindy, A position is really a story and any story is told to an audience. There is a form for this and it is in three parts. First, tell them(the audience) what you are going to tell them. Then tell them, and finally tell them what you told them. Parts one and three are short and most of the information is in part two. It works like this. Let’s say you are asked to write a 200-word position about your visit to the Great Wall. You would begin with an opening sentence or two saying something like “The Great Wall of China is a national ②landmark that is famous around the world. I visited it last summer and I want to tell you about it.” That uses about 25 words to tell them what you are going to tell them. The second part would be about 150 words and would contain information about the Great Wall such as how long it is, when it was built, who built it and why, the fact that it is one of the seven wonders of the world and you would talk about how you felt and what you thought when you visited this national treasure. This is telling them. Finally, you would use about another 25 words to say something like “That was my first visit to the Great Wall and it was a very emotional experience to actually touch something so old and famous. ③每個(gè)中國(guó)人至少參觀長(zhǎng)城一次.I plan to go back whenever I can.” Here, you are telling them what you told them in the story and wrapping it all up into a neat package. This formula(慣例)works for both positions and speeches and I think you will find it helps to organize your thoughts. I hope it’s helpful. Best wishes, Brad Franklin 31．將文中①處的畫(huà)線部分翻譯成漢語(yǔ)： . 32．(A) 試寫(xiě)出文中②處畫(huà)線部分landmark的漢語(yǔ)意思： . (B)下面有四個(gè)在文中出現(xiàn)的單詞，請(qǐng)找出畫(huà)線部分發(fā)音哪個(gè)與眾不同? . A. work B. word C. information D. world 33．將文中③處的漢語(yǔ)翻譯成英語(yǔ)： . 34．從文中找出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組填空：How I wish to get a letter from you soon! How I wish to _________ _________ you soon! 35．用英語(yǔ)回答問(wèn)題：What’s the main idea of the passage? . When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time. Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earth’s atmosphere (大氣). Light is “bent (彎曲的)” when it travels through different parts of the earth’s atmosphere. As the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too. The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water. This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文學(xué)家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望遠(yuǎn)鏡) was sent into space so that the air movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people understand space better. 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳選項(xiàng)。 （10分） 36．What happens to the light from the stars we see when the air in the earth’s atmosphere is moving? A. It looks even brighter. B. It looks as if it is bent. C. It looks as if it is moving. D. It looks like drops of rain. 37．Scintillation also happens on 　　　　 according to the passage. A. rainy days B. shiny days C. cloudy days D. windy days 38．What can you see when you drop a rock into the water? A. The rock gets broken. B. The rock bees unclear. C. The water bees much polluted. D. The water does not move anymore. 39．The underlined word “observe” means “　　　　”. A. watch B. listen C. draw D. explain 40．Why is scintillation a problem for astronomers? A. The stars never stay still. B. It makes the stars too dark to see. C. It makes astronomers feel too hot to work. D. Astronomers cannot observe the stars clearly. Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device(裝置) which uses satellites (衛(wèi)星) to find the user’s position(位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are. GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street. There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(計(jì)算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well. Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as mon as the mobile. They are being cheaper and more and more accurate(精確的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will bee like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again. 41．According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people __________. A. can’t be lost in a new city B. can’t find their way in different countries C. can learn about the culture of an unknown place D. can spend the least time getting to another place 42．We can learn from the passage that ____________. A. there are three parts to the GPS B. a GPS can’t be put into a watch C. a GPS can help you start your car D. the GPS are being more and more expensive 43．The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means “____________”. A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations 44．The passage is mainly about _______________. A. the history of the GPS B. the introduction of the GPS