2019版高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)選題 Unit 2 Working the land（含解析）新人教版必修4.doc

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Unit 2 Working the land 一、閱讀理解 In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.The sun is our greatest source of a vitamin that is essential for good health—Vitamin D． This important vitamin strengthens bones and teeth and is linked to the prevention of heart disease，cancer and many other lifethreatening diseases.The remended daily requirement is 400－600 International Units (IU). In summer, people with dark brown eyes and darker skin turn sunlight from just 15 minutes outside without sunscreen into adequate amounts of Vitamin D． Even during winter, just a 10minute walk at midday can keep the body’s Vitamin D at healthy levels.During brief winter walks，we receive the greatest benefits when we wear no sunscreen and expose as much skin to the sun as possible. Vitamin D can be also obtained from foods.Salmon is one of the best sources of the Vitamin.Egg yolks(蛋黃)，cheese，mushrooms and some animal organs contain smaller quantities of it. To attract consumers，food panies add Vitamin D to some of their milk products.The practice of putting the Vitamin into milk began in the 1930s.At that time，many children were suffering from rickets，an illness that is caused by a deficiency(缺乏)of Vitamin D．It made the children’s bones soft and weak.Adding Vitamin D to milk helped to solve the problem, and it has been available ever since. For people who still need more Vitamin D, there is another option；Take Vitamin D supplements(補(bǔ)充物)．These products are widely sold in stores.However，anyone considering taking supplements should consult a physician first. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了維生素D的一些情況。 1．During the winter months，people___________ ． A．a(chǎn)ren’t able to meet their deadlines B．often don’t dress warmly enough C．generally like to remain indoors D．leave lots of work for others to do C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In the dead of winter，we don’t typically think about spending time outdoors，but according to many physicians we should.”可知，在冬天人們?cè)敢獯谑覂?nèi)。 2．According to the text，Vitamin D___________ ． A．can be obtained by being exposed to the sun B．can be used to cure lifethreatening diseases C．can be mainly found in some milk products D．can make the children’s bones soft and weak A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句以及第三段第一句可知，維生素D可以通過(guò)曬太陽(yáng)獲得，故選A。 3．Why is salmon mentioned in this article? A．It’s seldom prepared in the correct way. B．It’s a useful addition to a person’s diet. C．It has a huge impact on the environment. D．Its advantages have been exaggerated. B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段可知，三文魚(yú)是補(bǔ)充維生素D的食物，因此對(duì)我們的飲食是有用的補(bǔ)充物，故選B。 4．The main purpose of this article is ___________ ． A．to introduce a valuable nutrient B．to advertise Vitamin D supplements C．to note risks associated with a nutrient D．to explain how a nutrient was discovered A　解析：寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)全文可知，本文主要介紹一種營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分——維生素D。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017江蘇高考)________(determine) where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 答案：Determining　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，即本句中Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings作主語(yǔ)，remains是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 2．The ________(produce) of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business. 答案：production　由設(shè)空前的“the”和后面的“of”可知，應(yīng)填所給詞的名詞形式。production “生產(chǎn)；制造”。 3．Nowadays, children have more ________(free); they can do whatever they like. 答案：freedom　freedom 名詞“自由”，在本句中作賓語(yǔ)。 4．Cats can help rid the home ________mice. 答案：of　rid ... of “使擺脫或除去……”。 5．A heavy fire reduced 90 percent of the houses ________ashes. 答案：to　reduce ... to ... “使……淪為……”。 6．I bitterly ________(regret) that I had missed the wonderful film. 答案：regretted　所填詞由bitterly(副詞)修飾，且由從句中had missed可知，此處用動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 7．It is ________(disturb) to think about so much work to do. 答案：disturbing　disturbing “令人不安的”，在句中作表語(yǔ)。 8．The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs ________(catch)． 答案：being caught　本句中，lead to后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))，且the thief和catch存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填being caught，即動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，作lead to的賓語(yǔ)。 9．I am not ________(satisfy) with the way he cut my hair. 答案：satisfied　be satisfied with ... 為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“對(duì)……感到滿(mǎn)意”。 10．Though he is young, he is struggling ________(support) a large family. 答案：to support　struggle to do sth. “努力做某事”。 三、完形填空 When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the __1__ will last longer than youd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises peoples __2__ levels for up to six months. “If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you __3__ it with the person who helped you，it has the __4__ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher Jeff Tsang. Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.Hed been feeling depressed and __5__ about his life：Hed been divorced and wasnt __6__ with his children.He felt tired from the __7__ hours he devoted to work.At a/an __8__ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of __9__.He decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an __10__ change. Immediately，he noticed his __11__ begin to improve.“The first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you bee more positive，”Kralik says of his __12__ acts of expressing thanks. __13__ by Kraliks experience，I decided to try the __14__ myself.I chose someone from my past whom Id __15__ thanked before：my wonderful highschool English teacher.I wasnt sure if Id be able to __16__ him，but eventually I found where he lived. In my letter，I thanked him for the __17__ and support that hed given me years earlier.I may never hear from him __18__，but that isnt the __19__.The letter helped me __20__ my life，and Ive been happy now for months. 1．A.time　　　　　　B．thoughts C．effects D．relationship 2．A.education B．happiness C．ine D．health 3．A.share B．plete C．pare D．leave 4．A.method B．desire C．energy D．potential 5．A.discouraged B．dishonest C．impatient D．surprised 6．A.bored B．strict C．close D．honest 7．A.limited B．valuable C．delightful D．long 8．A.importantly B．particularly C．physically D．exactly 9．A.forgiveness B．a(chǎn)chievement C．gratefulness D．patience 10．A.positive B．unexpected C．possible D．instant 11．A.wealth B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．petence 12．A.generous B．strange C．brave D．simple 13．A.Struck B．Inspired C．Shocked D．Invited 14．A.idea B．belief C．letter D．test 15．A.nearly B．frequently C．a(chǎn)lready D．never 16．A.remember B．recognise C．locate D．reward 17．A.degree B．money C．gift D．guidance 18．A.in advance B．in public C．in return D．in person 19．A.case B．point C．fact D．solution 20．A.appreciate B．understand C．face D．review 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們這樣一個(gè)道理：當(dāng)你對(duì)別人表達(dá)出感謝之情時(shí)，你會(huì)變得更快樂(lè)。 1．C　考查名詞辨折。根據(jù)“benefits”并結(jié)合第一段可知，此處指感謝別人對(duì)自己的影響要比你預(yù)想的長(zhǎng)久。C項(xiàng)意為“效果，影響”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“時(shí)間”；B項(xiàng)意為“想法”；D項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)系”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 2．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指寫(xiě)感謝信可以提高人們的幸福水平。B項(xiàng)意為“幸?！?，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“教育”；C項(xiàng)意為“收入”；D項(xiàng)意為“健康”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 3．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此處指與幫助你的人分享這件事。share sth.with sb.意為“與某人分享某物”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“比較”；D項(xiàng)意為“離開(kāi)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 4．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指如果你與幫助你的人一起分享感激之情，這就有可能將你們兩人之間的距離拉近。D項(xiàng)意為“可能性，潛能”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“方法”；B項(xiàng)意為“欲望”；C項(xiàng)意為“精力”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 5．A　考查形容詞辨折。根據(jù)該句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此處應(yīng)用“discouraged”與“depressed”并列，指他對(duì)生活感到沮喪。 A項(xiàng)意為“泄氣的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；C項(xiàng)意為“沒(méi)有耐心的”；D項(xiàng)意為“感到驚訝的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 6．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“Hed been divorced”可知，他已經(jīng)離婚了，并且與孩子也不親近。C項(xiàng)意為“親近的，親密的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“無(wú)聊的”；B項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)格的”；D項(xiàng)意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 7．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“felt tired from”可推知，此處指因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作，所以他感到疲勞。D項(xiàng)意為“長(zhǎng)的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“有限的”；B項(xiàng)意為“有價(jià)值的”；C項(xiàng)意為“高興的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 8．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他離婚了，和孩子也不親近，而且工作辛苦，所以這是他人生的低谷。B項(xiàng)意為“尤其，特別”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“重要地”；C項(xiàng)意為“身體上”；D項(xiàng)意為“恰恰，正好”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 9．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“He decided to write 365 thankyou notes”可知，此處指他記起祖父告訴過(guò)他感激的重要性。C項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“原諒”；B項(xiàng)意為“成就”；D項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 10．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下一段第二句中的“you bee more positive”可知，此處指他希望通過(guò)這種方式獲得一個(gè)積極的改變。A項(xiàng)意為“積極的”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“出人意料的”；C項(xiàng)意為“可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“立即的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 11．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這位律師正處于人生的低谷時(shí)期，然后通過(guò)寫(xiě)感謝信使得他的態(tài)度開(kāi)始改善。B項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“財(cái)富”；C項(xiàng)意為“位置”；D項(xiàng)意為“能力”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 12．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，寫(xiě)感謝信只是表達(dá)感謝的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的行為。D項(xiàng)意為“簡(jiǎn)單的”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“慷慨的”；B項(xiàng)意為“奇怪的”；C項(xiàng)意為“勇敢的”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 13．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，“我”也決定寫(xiě)感謝信了。由此推斷出，“我”是受了Kralik的經(jīng)歷的鼓舞。B項(xiàng)意為“鼓舞，激勵(lì)”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。 14．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”決定親自試試這個(gè)想法。A項(xiàng)意為“想法，主意”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“信念”；C項(xiàng)意為“信”；D項(xiàng)意為“測(cè)試”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 15．D　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”不知道這位高中英語(yǔ)老師的地址，所以他是“我”以前從未感謝過(guò)的人。D項(xiàng)意為“從未”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“幾乎”；B項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)?！?；C項(xiàng)意為“已經(jīng)”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 16．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此處指“我”不知道是否能夠找到他。C項(xiàng)意為“找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“記得”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)出”；D項(xiàng)意為“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，獎(jiǎng)賞”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 17．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，“我”感謝的對(duì)象是“我”的一位高中英語(yǔ)老師，所以“我”應(yīng)是感謝他給予“我”的指導(dǎo)和幫助。D項(xiàng)意為“指導(dǎo)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“程度，等級(jí)”；B項(xiàng)意為“金錢(qián)”；C項(xiàng)意為“禮物”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選D。 18．C　考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，“我”寫(xiě)感謝信給多年前的老師，而老師不一定會(huì)回信給“我”。C項(xiàng)意為“作出回應(yīng)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“提前”；B項(xiàng)意為“公開(kāi)地”；D項(xiàng)意為“親自”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選C。 19．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“Ive been happy now for months”可知，“我”快樂(lè)了幾個(gè)月，所以此處指老師是否回信不是重點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)意為“重點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)意為“事例”；C項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)”；D項(xiàng)意為“解決方法”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選B。 20．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。聯(lián)系全文的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是關(guān)于表達(dá)出感謝可以給自己帶來(lái)快樂(lè)，所以此處指這封感謝信幫助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”為此快樂(lè)了幾個(gè)月。A項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語(yǔ)境。B項(xiàng)意為“理解”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對(duì)”；D項(xiàng)意為“回顧”，均與語(yǔ)境不符。故答案選A。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．They focused all their attention to finding a solution to the problem. _____________________________________________________ 答案：第一個(gè)to→on　focus ones attention on (doing) sth.“集中精力(做)某事”。 2．They equipped with two sharp axes and set off for the forest. _____________________________________________________ 答案：They后加were或equipped后加themselves　be equipped with和equip oneself with ... “配備有……”。 3．Some people say that Chinese tend to be satisfying with what they have. _____________________________________________________ 答案：satisfying→satisfied　be satisfied with “對(duì)……感到滿(mǎn)意”，主語(yǔ)通常為人。 4．Thanks for the success of the business, we can afford a holiday this year. _____________________________________________________ 答案：for→to　thanks to “多虧了；由于”。 5．She would rather to buy her clothes through the Internet than in the supermarket. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉to　would rather do A than do B “比起做B更愿意做A”。 五、短文改錯(cuò) My favorite sport is playing basketball.In the middle school，I joined in the basketball team.All the teammate practised hard after school.Once our team had match against another schools.At the very beginning，we were so nervous which we couldnt cooperate very good.Because this was the first time for us to pete with the school honor.In the half match they fell behind.Our team leader calls us together and said that we must get uniting in order to beat them.Then we tried our best and won the game at last.Play basketball makes me realize the importance of union and teamwork. 【答案】 My favorite sport is playing basketball.In the middle school，I joined the basketball team.All the practised hard after school.Once our team had match against another schools.At the very beginning，we were so nervous we couldnt cooperate very .Because this was the first time for us to pete the school honor.In the half match fell behind.Our team leader us together and said that we must get in order to beat them.Then we tried our best and won the game at last. basketball makes me realize the importance of union and teamwork. 第一處：刪除in?？疾楣潭ù钆?。join后接某個(gè)組織，表示加入該組織，此時(shí)join為及物動(dòng)詞；join in通常指參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。由該句中的team可知，該處用join。 第二處：teammate改為teammates?？疾槊~的復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的All可知，該處的可數(shù)名詞teammate應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第三處：had后加a。考查不定冠詞。有一次我們的籃球隊(duì)和另外一個(gè)學(xué)校的籃球隊(duì)進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)比賽。該處泛指“一場(chǎng)比賽”，故用不定冠詞a。 第四處：which改為that。考查固定句型。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句使用了固定句型“so...that...”，表示“如此……以至于……”。 第五處：good改為well?？疾楦痹~。cooperate為動(dòng)詞，修飾該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用副詞，故用副詞well。 第六處：with改為for?？疾榻樵~。pete for sth.為固定搭配，意為“為……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，該處指“為學(xué)校的榮譽(yù)而戰(zhàn)”，故用介詞for。 第七處：they改為we?？疾槿朔Q(chēng)代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處陳述的是我們參加籃球賽的過(guò)程，故用人稱(chēng)代詞we。 第八處：calls改為called?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該句中的“said”，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，該處陳述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第九處：uniting改為united。get在此為連系動(dòng)詞，表示“變得，達(dá)到”，后跟形容詞united，get united意為“團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)”。 第十處：Play改為Playing?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。由動(dòng)詞makes可知，該處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，故用Playing。